feat(pipeline): add high-level Crawler utility class for simplified web crawling

Add new Crawler class that provides a simplified interface for both single and batch URL crawling operations. Key features include:
- Simple single URL crawling with configurable options
- Parallel batch crawling with concurrency control
- Shared browser hub support for resource efficiency
- Progress tracking and custom retry strategies
- Comprehensive error handling and retry logic

Remove demo and extended test files in favor of new focused test suite.

.gitignore

@@ -255,3 +255,6 @@ continue_config.json
 
 .llm.env
 .private/
+
+CLAUDE_MONITOR.md
+CLAUDE.md

CHANGELOG.md

@@ -5,6 +5,39 @@ All notable changes to Crawl4AI will be documented in this file.
 The format is based on [Keep a Changelog](https://keepachangelog.com/en/1.0.0/),
 and this project adheres to [Semantic Versioning](https://semver.org/spec/v2.0.0.html).
 
+## Version 0.5.0.post5 (2025-03-14)
+
+### Added
+
+- *(crawler)* Add experimental parameters dictionary to CrawlerRunConfig to support beta features
+- *(tables)* Add comprehensive table detection and extraction functionality with scoring system
+- *(monitor)* Add real-time crawler monitoring system with memory management
+- *(content)* Add target_elements parameter for selective content extraction
+- *(browser)* Add standalone CDP browser launch capability
+- *(schema)* Add preprocess_html_for_schema utility for better HTML cleaning
+- *(api)* Add special handling for single URL requests in Docker API
+
+### Changed
+
+- *(filters)* Add reverse option to URLPatternFilter for inverting filter logic
+- *(browser)* Make CSP nonce headers optional via experimental config
+- *(browser)* Remove default cookie injection from page initialization
+- *(crawler)* Optimize response handling for single-URL processing
+- *(api)* Refactor crawl request handling to streamline processing
+- *(config)* Update default provider to gpt-4o
+- *(cache)* Change default cache_mode from aggressive to bypass in examples
+
+### Fixed
+
+- *(browser)* Clean up browser context creation code
+- *(api)* Improve code formatting in API handler
+
+### Breaking Changes
+
+- WebScrapingStrategy no longer returns 'scraped_html' in its output dictionary
+- Table extraction logic has been modified to better handle thead/tbody structures
+- Default cookie injection has been removed from page initialization
+
 ## Version 0.5.0 (2025-03-02)
 
 ### Added

crawl4ai/__init__.py

@@ -4,6 +4,12 @@ import warnings
 from .async_webcrawler import AsyncWebCrawler, CacheMode
 from .async_configs import BrowserConfig, CrawlerRunConfig, HTTPCrawlerConfig, LLMConfig
 
+from .pipeline.pipeline import (
+    Pipeline,
+    create_pipeline,
+)
+from .pipeline.crawler import Crawler
+
 from .content_scraping_strategy import (
     ContentScrapingStrategy,
     WebScrapingStrategy,
@@ -23,6 +29,7 @@ from .extraction_strategy import (
     CosineStrategy,
     JsonCssExtractionStrategy,
     JsonXPathExtractionStrategy,
+    JsonLxmlExtractionStrategy
 )
 from .chunking_strategy import ChunkingStrategy, RegexChunking
 from .markdown_generation_strategy import DefaultMarkdownGenerator
@@ -32,13 +39,12 @@ from .content_filter_strategy import (
     LLMContentFilter,
     RelevantContentFilter,
 )
-from .models import CrawlResult, MarkdownGenerationResult
+from .models import CrawlResult, MarkdownGenerationResult, DisplayMode
+from .components.crawler_monitor import CrawlerMonitor
 from .async_dispatcher import (
     MemoryAdaptiveDispatcher,
     SemaphoreDispatcher,
     RateLimiter,
-    CrawlerMonitor,
-    DisplayMode,
     BaseDispatcher,
 )
 from .docker_client import Crawl4aiDockerClient
@@ -65,7 +71,14 @@ from .deep_crawling import (
     DeepCrawlDecorator,
 )
 
+from .async_crawler_strategy import AsyncPlaywrightCrawlerStrategy, AsyncHTTPCrawlerStrategy
+
 __all__ = [
+    "Pipeline",
+    "AsyncPlaywrightCrawlerStrategy",
+    "AsyncHTTPCrawlerStrategy",
+    "create_pipeline",
+    "Crawler",
     "AsyncLoggerBase",
     "AsyncLogger",
     "AsyncWebCrawler",
@@ -103,6 +116,7 @@ __all__ = [
     "CosineStrategy",
     "JsonCssExtractionStrategy",
     "JsonXPathExtractionStrategy",
+    "JsonLxmlExtractionStrategy",
     "ChunkingStrategy",
     "RegexChunking",
     "DefaultMarkdownGenerator",

crawl4ai/__version__.py

@@ -1,2 +1,2 @@
 # crawl4ai/_version.py
-__version__ = "0.5.0.post6"
+__version__ = "0.5.0.post8"

crawl4ai/async_configs.py

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 import os
 from .config import (
     DEFAULT_PROVIDER,
+    DEFAULT_PROVIDER_API_KEY,
     MIN_WORD_THRESHOLD,
     IMAGE_DESCRIPTION_MIN_WORD_THRESHOLD,
     PROVIDER_MODELS,
@@ -11,10 +12,10 @@ from .config import (
 )
 
 from .user_agent_generator import UAGen, ValidUAGenerator  # , OnlineUAGenerator
-from .extraction_strategy import ExtractionStrategy
+from .extraction_strategy import ExtractionStrategy, LLMExtractionStrategy
 from .chunking_strategy import ChunkingStrategy, RegexChunking
 
-from .markdown_generation_strategy import MarkdownGenerationStrategy
+from .markdown_generation_strategy import MarkdownGenerationStrategy, DefaultMarkdownGenerator
 from .content_scraping_strategy import ContentScrapingStrategy, WebScrapingStrategy
 from .deep_crawling import DeepCrawlStrategy
 
@@ -26,6 +27,12 @@ import inspect
 from typing import Any, Dict, Optional
 from enum import Enum
 
+from .proxy_strategy import ProxyConfig
+try:
+    from .browser.models import DockerConfig
+except ImportError:
+    DockerConfig = None
+
 
 def to_serializable_dict(obj: Any, ignore_default_value : bool = False) -> Dict:
     """
@@ -166,6 +173,12 @@ class BrowserConfig:
                             Default: "chromium".
         headless (bool): Whether to run the browser in headless mode (no visible GUI).
                          Default: True.
+        browser_mode (str): Determines how the browser should be initialized:
+                           "builtin" - use the builtin CDP browser running in background
+                           "dedicated" - create a new dedicated browser instance each time
+                           "cdp" - use explicit CDP settings provided in cdp_url
+                           "docker" - run browser in Docker container with isolation
+                           Default: "dedicated"
         use_managed_browser (bool): Launch the browser using a managed approach (e.g., via CDP), allowing
                                     advanced manipulation. Default: False.
         cdp_url (str): URL for the Chrome DevTools Protocol (CDP) endpoint. Default: "ws://localhost:9222/devtools/browser/".
@@ -180,8 +193,10 @@ class BrowserConfig:
                               is "chromium". Default: "chromium".
         proxy (Optional[str]): Proxy server URL (e.g., "http://username:password@proxy:port"). If None, no proxy is used.
                              Default: None.
-        proxy_config (dict or None): Detailed proxy configuration, e.g. {"server": "...", "username": "..."}.
+        proxy_config (ProxyConfig or dict or None): Detailed proxy configuration, e.g. {"server": "...", "username": "..."}.
                                      If None, no additional proxy config. Default: None.
+        docker_config (DockerConfig or dict or None): Configuration for Docker-based browser automation.
+                                     Contains settings for Docker container operation. Default: None.
         viewport_width (int): Default viewport width for pages. Default: 1080.
         viewport_height (int): Default viewport height for pages. Default: 600.
         viewport (dict): Default viewport dimensions for pages. If set, overrides viewport_width and viewport_height.
@@ -192,7 +207,7 @@ class BrowserConfig:
                                  Default: False.
         downloads_path (str or None): Directory to store downloaded files. If None and accept_downloads is True,
                                       a default path will be created. Default: None.
-        storage_state (str or dict or None): Path or object describing storage state (cookies, localStorage).
+        storage_state (str or dict or None): An in-memory storage state (cookies, localStorage).
                                              Default: None.
         ignore_https_errors (bool): Ignore HTTPS certificate errors. Default: True.
         java_script_enabled (bool): Enable JavaScript execution in pages. Default: True.
@@ -218,6 +233,7 @@ class BrowserConfig:
         self,
         browser_type: str = "chromium",
         headless: bool = True,
+        browser_mode: str = "dedicated",
         use_managed_browser: bool = False,
         cdp_url: str = None,
         use_persistent_context: bool = False,
@@ -225,7 +241,8 @@ class BrowserConfig:
         chrome_channel: str = "chromium",
         channel: str = "chromium",
         proxy: str = None,
-        proxy_config: dict = None,
+        proxy_config: Union[ProxyConfig, dict, None] = None,
+        docker_config: Union[DockerConfig, dict, None] = None,
         viewport_width: int = 1080,
         viewport_height: int = 600,
         viewport: dict = None,
@@ -253,7 +270,8 @@ class BrowserConfig:
         host: str = "localhost",
     ):
         self.browser_type = browser_type
-        self.headless = headless
+        self.headless = headless 
+        self.browser_mode = browser_mode
         self.use_managed_browser = use_managed_browser
         self.cdp_url = cdp_url
         self.use_persistent_context = use_persistent_context
@@ -265,6 +283,16 @@ class BrowserConfig:
             self.chrome_channel = ""
         self.proxy = proxy
         self.proxy_config = proxy_config
+        
+        # Handle docker configuration
+        if isinstance(docker_config, dict) and DockerConfig is not None:
+            self.docker_config = DockerConfig.from_kwargs(docker_config)
+        else:
+            self.docker_config = docker_config
+
+        if self.docker_config:
+            self.user_data_dir = self.docker_config.user_data_dir
+
         self.viewport_width = viewport_width
         self.viewport_height = viewport_height
         self.viewport = viewport
@@ -287,6 +315,7 @@ class BrowserConfig:
         self.sleep_on_close = sleep_on_close
         self.verbose = verbose
         self.debugging_port = debugging_port
+        self.host = host
 
         fa_user_agenr_generator = ValidUAGenerator()
         if self.user_agent_mode == "random":
@@ -299,6 +328,22 @@ class BrowserConfig:
         self.browser_hint = UAGen.generate_client_hints(self.user_agent)
         self.headers.setdefault("sec-ch-ua", self.browser_hint)
 
+        # Set appropriate browser management flags based on browser_mode
+        if self.browser_mode == "builtin":
+            # Builtin mode uses managed browser connecting to builtin CDP endpoint
+            self.use_managed_browser = True
+            # cdp_url will be set later by browser_manager
+        elif self.browser_mode == "docker":
+            # Docker mode uses managed browser with CDP to connect to browser in container
+            self.use_managed_browser = True
+            # cdp_url will be set later by docker browser strategy
+        elif self.browser_mode == "custom" and self.cdp_url:
+            # Custom mode with explicit CDP URL
+            self.use_managed_browser = True
+        elif self.browser_mode == "dedicated":
+            # Dedicated mode uses a new browser instance each time
+            pass
+
         # If persistent context is requested, ensure managed browser is enabled
         if self.use_persistent_context:
             self.use_managed_browser = True
@@ -308,6 +353,7 @@ class BrowserConfig:
         return BrowserConfig(
             browser_type=kwargs.get("browser_type", "chromium"),
             headless=kwargs.get("headless", True),
+            browser_mode=kwargs.get("browser_mode", "dedicated"),
             use_managed_browser=kwargs.get("use_managed_browser", False),
             cdp_url=kwargs.get("cdp_url"),
             use_persistent_context=kwargs.get("use_persistent_context", False),
@@ -315,7 +361,8 @@ class BrowserConfig:
             chrome_channel=kwargs.get("chrome_channel", "chromium"),
             channel=kwargs.get("channel", "chromium"),
             proxy=kwargs.get("proxy"),
-            proxy_config=kwargs.get("proxy_config"),
+            proxy_config=kwargs.get("proxy_config", None),
+            docker_config=kwargs.get("docker_config", None),
             viewport_width=kwargs.get("viewport_width", 1080),
             viewport_height=kwargs.get("viewport_height", 600),
             accept_downloads=kwargs.get("accept_downloads", False),
@@ -335,12 +382,15 @@ class BrowserConfig:
             text_mode=kwargs.get("text_mode", False),
             light_mode=kwargs.get("light_mode", False),
             extra_args=kwargs.get("extra_args", []),
+            debugging_port=kwargs.get("debugging_port", 9222),
+            host=kwargs.get("host", "localhost"),
         )
 
     def to_dict(self):
-        return {
+        result = {
             "browser_type": self.browser_type,
             "headless": self.headless,
+            "browser_mode": self.browser_mode,
             "use_managed_browser": self.use_managed_browser,
             "cdp_url": self.cdp_url,
             "use_persistent_context": self.use_persistent_context,
@@ -367,7 +417,17 @@ class BrowserConfig:
             "sleep_on_close": self.sleep_on_close,
             "verbose": self.verbose,
             "debugging_port": self.debugging_port,
+            "host": self.host,
         }
+        
+        # Include docker_config if it exists
+        if hasattr(self, "docker_config") and self.docker_config is not None:
+            if hasattr(self.docker_config, "to_dict"):
+                result["docker_config"] = self.docker_config.to_dict()
+            else:
+                result["docker_config"] = self.docker_config
+                
+        return result
 
     def clone(self, **kwargs):
         """Create a copy of this configuration with updated values.
@@ -499,6 +559,15 @@ class CrawlerRunConfig():
                           Default: False.
         css_selector (str or None): CSS selector to extract a specific portion of the page.
                                     Default: None.
+        
+        target_elements (list of str or None): List of CSS selectors for specific elements for Markdown generation 
+                                                and structured data extraction. When you set this, only the contents 
+                                                of these elements are processed for extraction and Markdown generation. 
+                                                If you do not set any value, the entire page is processed. 
+                                                The difference between this and css_selector is that this will shrink 
+                                                the initial raw HTML to the selected element, while this will only affect 
+                                                the extraction and Markdown generation.
+                                    Default: None
         excluded_tags (list of str or None): List of HTML tags to exclude from processing.
                                              Default: None.
         excluded_selector (str or None): CSS selector to exclude from processing.
@@ -515,7 +584,7 @@ class CrawlerRunConfig():
                            Default: "lxml".
         scraping_strategy (ContentScrapingStrategy): Scraping strategy to use.
                            Default: WebScrapingStrategy.
-        proxy_config (dict or None): Detailed proxy configuration, e.g. {"server": "...", "username": "..."}.
+        proxy_config (ProxyConfig or dict or None): Detailed proxy configuration, e.g. {"server": "...", "username": "..."}.
                                      If None, no additional proxy config. Default: None.
 
         # SSL Parameters
@@ -595,6 +664,8 @@ class CrawlerRunConfig():
                                      Default: IMAGE_SCORE_THRESHOLD (e.g., 3).
         exclude_external_images (bool): If True, exclude all external images from processing.
                                          Default: False.
+        table_score_threshold (int): Minimum score threshold for processing a table.
+                                     Default: 7.
 
         # Link and Domain Handling Parameters
         exclude_social_media_domains (list of str): List of domains to exclude for social media links.
@@ -636,6 +707,12 @@ class CrawlerRunConfig():
         user_agent_generator_config (dict or None): Configuration for user agent generation if user_agent_mode is set.
                                                     Default: None.
 
+        # Experimental Parameters
+        experimental (dict): Dictionary containing experimental parameters that are in beta phase.
+                            This allows passing temporary features that are not yet fully integrated 
+                            into the main parameter set.
+                            Default: None.
+
         url: str = None  # This is not a compulsory parameter
     """
 
@@ -645,9 +722,10 @@ class CrawlerRunConfig():
         word_count_threshold: int = MIN_WORD_THRESHOLD,
         extraction_strategy: ExtractionStrategy = None,
         chunking_strategy: ChunkingStrategy = RegexChunking(),
-        markdown_generator: MarkdownGenerationStrategy = None,
+        markdown_generator: MarkdownGenerationStrategy = DefaultMarkdownGenerator(),
         only_text: bool = False,
         css_selector: str = None,
+        target_elements: List[str] = None,
         excluded_tags: list = None,
         excluded_selector: str = None,
         keep_data_attributes: bool = False,
@@ -656,7 +734,7 @@ class CrawlerRunConfig():
         prettiify: bool = False,
         parser_type: str = "lxml",
         scraping_strategy: ContentScrapingStrategy = None,
-        proxy_config: dict = None,
+        proxy_config: Union[ProxyConfig, dict, None] = None,
         proxy_rotation_strategy: Optional[ProxyRotationStrategy] = None,
         # SSL Parameters
         fetch_ssl_certificate: bool = False,
@@ -696,6 +774,7 @@ class CrawlerRunConfig():
         pdf: bool = False,
         image_description_min_word_threshold: int = IMAGE_DESCRIPTION_MIN_WORD_THRESHOLD,
         image_score_threshold: int = IMAGE_SCORE_THRESHOLD,
+        table_score_threshold: int = 7,
         exclude_external_images: bool = False,
         # Link and Domain Handling Parameters
         exclude_social_media_domains: list = None,
@@ -716,6 +795,8 @@ class CrawlerRunConfig():
         user_agent_generator_config: dict = {},
         # Deep Crawl Parameters
         deep_crawl_strategy: Optional[DeepCrawlStrategy] = None,
+        # Experimental Parameters
+        experimental: Dict[str, Any] = None,
     ):
         # TODO: Planning to set properties dynamically based on the __init__ signature
         self.url = url
@@ -727,6 +808,7 @@ class CrawlerRunConfig():
         self.markdown_generator = markdown_generator
         self.only_text = only_text
         self.css_selector = css_selector
+        self.target_elements = target_elements or []
         self.excluded_tags = excluded_tags or []
         self.excluded_selector = excluded_selector or ""
         self.keep_data_attributes = keep_data_attributes
@@ -781,6 +863,7 @@ class CrawlerRunConfig():
         self.image_description_min_word_threshold = image_description_min_word_threshold
         self.image_score_threshold = image_score_threshold
         self.exclude_external_images = exclude_external_images
+        self.table_score_threshold = table_score_threshold
 
         # Link and Domain Handling Parameters
         self.exclude_social_media_domains = (
@@ -827,6 +910,9 @@ class CrawlerRunConfig():
 
         # Deep Crawl Parameters
         self.deep_crawl_strategy = deep_crawl_strategy
+        
+        # Experimental Parameters
+        self.experimental = experimental or {}
 
 
     def __getattr__(self, name):
@@ -856,6 +942,7 @@ class CrawlerRunConfig():
             markdown_generator=kwargs.get("markdown_generator"),
             only_text=kwargs.get("only_text", False),
             css_selector=kwargs.get("css_selector"),
+            target_elements=kwargs.get("target_elements", []),
             excluded_tags=kwargs.get("excluded_tags", []),
             excluded_selector=kwargs.get("excluded_selector", ""),
             keep_data_attributes=kwargs.get("keep_data_attributes", False),
@@ -911,6 +998,7 @@ class CrawlerRunConfig():
             image_score_threshold=kwargs.get(
                 "image_score_threshold", IMAGE_SCORE_THRESHOLD
             ),
+            table_score_threshold=kwargs.get("table_score_threshold", 7),
             exclude_external_images=kwargs.get("exclude_external_images", False),
             # Link and Domain Handling Parameters
             exclude_social_media_domains=kwargs.get(
@@ -933,6 +1021,8 @@ class CrawlerRunConfig():
             # Deep Crawl Parameters
             deep_crawl_strategy=kwargs.get("deep_crawl_strategy"),
             url=kwargs.get("url"),
+            # Experimental Parameters 
+            experimental=kwargs.get("experimental"),
         )
 
     # Create a funciton returns dict of the object
@@ -956,6 +1046,7 @@ class CrawlerRunConfig():
             "markdown_generator": self.markdown_generator,
             "only_text": self.only_text,
             "css_selector": self.css_selector,
+            "target_elements": self.target_elements,
             "excluded_tags": self.excluded_tags,
             "excluded_selector": self.excluded_selector,
             "keep_data_attributes": self.keep_data_attributes,
@@ -999,6 +1090,7 @@ class CrawlerRunConfig():
             "pdf": self.pdf,
             "image_description_min_word_threshold": self.image_description_min_word_threshold,
             "image_score_threshold": self.image_score_threshold,
+            "table_score_threshold": self.table_score_threshold,
             "exclude_external_images": self.exclude_external_images,
             "exclude_social_media_domains": self.exclude_social_media_domains,
             "exclude_external_links": self.exclude_external_links,
@@ -1015,6 +1107,7 @@ class CrawlerRunConfig():
             "user_agent_generator_config": self.user_agent_generator_config,
             "deep_crawl_strategy": self.deep_crawl_strategy,
             "url": self.url,
+            "experimental": self.experimental,
         }
 
     def clone(self, **kwargs):
@@ -1050,6 +1143,13 @@ class LLMConfig:
         provider: str = DEFAULT_PROVIDER,
         api_token: Optional[str] = None,
         base_url: Optional[str] = None,
+        temprature: Optional[float] = None,
+        max_tokens: Optional[int] = None,
+        top_p: Optional[float] = None,
+        frequency_penalty: Optional[float] = None,
+        presence_penalty: Optional[float] = None,
+        stop: Optional[List[str]] = None,
+        n: Optional[int] = None,    
     ):
         """Configuaration class for LLM provider and API token."""
         self.provider = provider
@@ -1059,10 +1159,16 @@ class LLMConfig:
             self.api_token = os.getenv(api_token[4:])
         else:
             self.api_token = PROVIDER_MODELS.get(provider, "no-token") or os.getenv(
-                "OPENAI_API_KEY"
+                DEFAULT_PROVIDER_API_KEY
             )
         self.base_url = base_url
-
+        self.temprature = temprature
+        self.max_tokens = max_tokens
+        self.top_p = top_p
+        self.frequency_penalty = frequency_penalty
+        self.presence_penalty = presence_penalty
+        self.stop = stop
+        self.n = n
 
     @staticmethod
     def from_kwargs(kwargs: dict) -> "LLMConfig":
@@ -1070,13 +1176,27 @@ class LLMConfig:
             provider=kwargs.get("provider", DEFAULT_PROVIDER),
             api_token=kwargs.get("api_token"),
             base_url=kwargs.get("base_url"),
+            temprature=kwargs.get("temprature"),
+            max_tokens=kwargs.get("max_tokens"),
+            top_p=kwargs.get("top_p"),
+            frequency_penalty=kwargs.get("frequency_penalty"),
+            presence_penalty=kwargs.get("presence_penalty"),
+            stop=kwargs.get("stop"),
+            n=kwargs.get("n")
         )
 
     def to_dict(self):
         return {
             "provider": self.provider,
             "api_token": self.api_token,
-            "base_url": self.base_url
+            "base_url": self.base_url,
+            "temprature": self.temprature,
+            "max_tokens": self.max_tokens,
+            "top_p": self.top_p,
+            "frequency_penalty": self.frequency_penalty,
+            "presence_penalty": self.presence_penalty,
+            "stop": self.stop,
+            "n": self.n
         }
 
     def clone(self, **kwargs):
@@ -1091,3 +1211,5 @@ class LLMConfig:
         config_dict = self.to_dict()
         config_dict.update(kwargs)
         return LLMConfig.from_kwargs(config_dict)
+
+

crawl4ai/async_crawler_strategy.py

@@ -505,12 +505,17 @@ class AsyncPlaywrightCrawlerStrategy(AsyncCrawlerStrategy):
             )
 
         # Get page for session
-        page, context = await self.browser_manager.get_page(crawlerRunConfig=config)
+        try:
+            page, context, _ = await self.browser_manager.get_page(crawlerRunConfig=config)
+        except Exception as e:
+            page, context = await self.browser_manager.get_page(crawlerRunConfig=config)
+
+        # await page.goto(URL)
 
         # Add default cookie
-        await context.add_cookies(
-            [{"name": "cookiesEnabled", "value": "true", "url": url}]
-        )
+        # await context.add_cookies(
+        #     [{"name": "cookiesEnabled", "value": "true", "url": url}]
+        # )
 
         # Handle navigator overrides
         if config.override_navigator or config.simulate_user or config.magic:
@@ -562,14 +567,15 @@ class AsyncPlaywrightCrawlerStrategy(AsyncCrawlerStrategy):
 
                 try:
                     # Generate a unique nonce for this request
-                    nonce = hashlib.sha256(os.urandom(32)).hexdigest()
+                    if config.experimental.get("use_csp_nonce", False):
+                        nonce = hashlib.sha256(os.urandom(32)).hexdigest()
 
-                    # Add CSP headers to the request
-                    await page.set_extra_http_headers(
-                        {
-                            "Content-Security-Policy": f"default-src 'self'; script-src 'self' 'nonce-{nonce}' 'strict-dynamic'"
-                        }
-                    )
+                        # Add CSP headers to the request
+                        await page.set_extra_http_headers(
+                            {
+                                "Content-Security-Policy": f"default-src 'self'; script-src 'self' 'nonce-{nonce}' 'strict-dynamic'"
+                            }
+                        )
 
                     response = await page.goto(
                         url, wait_until=config.wait_until, timeout=config.page_timeout
@@ -619,7 +625,7 @@ class AsyncPlaywrightCrawlerStrategy(AsyncCrawlerStrategy):
             except Error:
                 visibility_info = await self.check_visibility(page)
 
-                if self.config.verbose:
+                if config.verbose:
                     self.logger.debug(
                         message="Body visibility info: {info}",
                         tag="DEBUG",
@@ -767,6 +773,7 @@ class AsyncPlaywrightCrawlerStrategy(AsyncCrawlerStrategy):
             # Handle wait_for condition
             # Todo: Decide how to handle this
             if not config.wait_for and config.css_selector and False:
+            # if not config.wait_for and config.css_selector:
                 config.wait_for = f"css:{config.css_selector}"
 
             if config.wait_for:
@@ -806,8 +813,28 @@ class AsyncPlaywrightCrawlerStrategy(AsyncCrawlerStrategy):
             if config.remove_overlay_elements:
                 await self.remove_overlay_elements(page)
 
-            # Get final HTML content
-            html = await page.content()
+            if config.css_selector:
+                try:
+                    # Handle comma-separated selectors by splitting them
+                    selectors = [s.strip() for s in config.css_selector.split(',')]
+                    html_parts = []
+                    
+                    for selector in selectors:
+                        try:
+                            content = await page.evaluate(f"document.querySelector('{selector}')?.outerHTML || ''")
+                            html_parts.append(content)
+                        except Error as e:
+                            print(f"Warning: Could not get content for selector '{selector}': {str(e)}")
+                    
+                    # Wrap in a div to create a valid HTML structure
+                    html = f"<div class='crawl4ai-result'>\n" + "\n".join(html_parts) + "\n</div>"                    
+                except Error as e:
+                    raise RuntimeError(f"Failed to extract HTML content: {str(e)}")
+            else:
+                html = await page.content()
+            
+            # # Get final HTML content
+            # html = await page.content()
             await self.execute_hook(
                 "before_return_html", page=page, html=html, context=context, config=config
             )

crawl4ai/async_database.py

@@ -4,19 +4,14 @@ import aiosqlite
 import asyncio
 from typing import Optional, Dict
 from contextlib import asynccontextmanager
-import json  # Added for serialization/deserialization
-from .utils import ensure_content_dirs, generate_content_hash
+import json  
 from .models import CrawlResult, MarkdownGenerationResult, StringCompatibleMarkdown
-# , StringCompatibleMarkdown
 import aiofiles
-from .utils import VersionManager
 from .async_logger import AsyncLogger
-from .utils import get_error_context, create_box_message
 
-# Set up logging
-# logging.basicConfig(level=logging.INFO)
-# logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
-# logger.setLevel(logging.INFO)
+from .utils import ensure_content_dirs, generate_content_hash
+from .utils import VersionManager
+from .utils import get_error_context, create_box_message
 
 base_directory = DB_PATH = os.path.join(
     os.getenv("CRAWL4_AI_BASE_DIRECTORY", Path.home()), ".crawl4ai"

crawl4ai/async_dispatcher.py

@@ -4,17 +4,15 @@ from .models import (
     CrawlResult,
     CrawlerTaskResult,
     CrawlStatus,
-    DisplayMode,
-    CrawlStats,
     DomainState,
 )
 
-from rich.live import Live
-from rich.table import Table
-from rich.console import Console
-from rich import box
-from datetime import timedelta, datetime
+from .components.crawler_monitor import CrawlerMonitor
+
+from .types import AsyncWebCrawler
+
 from collections.abc import AsyncGenerator
+
 import time
 import psutil
 import asyncio
@@ -24,8 +22,6 @@ from urllib.parse import urlparse
 import random
 from abc import ABC, abstractmethod
 
-from math import inf as infinity
-
 
 class RateLimiter:
     def __init__(
@@ -87,201 +83,6 @@ class RateLimiter:
         return True
 
 
-class CrawlerMonitor:
-    def __init__(
-        self,
-        max_visible_rows: int = 15,
-        display_mode: DisplayMode = DisplayMode.DETAILED,
-    ):
-        self.console = Console()
-        self.max_visible_rows = max_visible_rows
-        self.display_mode = display_mode
-        self.stats: Dict[str, CrawlStats] = {}
-        self.process = psutil.Process()
-        self.start_time = time.time()
-        self.live = Live(self._create_table(), refresh_per_second=2)
-
-    def start(self):
-        self.live.start()
-
-    def stop(self):
-        self.live.stop()
-
-    def add_task(self, task_id: str, url: str):
-        self.stats[task_id] = CrawlStats(
-            task_id=task_id, url=url, status=CrawlStatus.QUEUED
-        )
-        self.live.update(self._create_table())
-
-    def update_task(self, task_id: str, **kwargs):
-        if task_id in self.stats:
-            for key, value in kwargs.items():
-                setattr(self.stats[task_id], key, value)
-            self.live.update(self._create_table())
-
-    def _create_aggregated_table(self) -> Table:
-        """Creates a compact table showing only aggregated statistics"""
-        table = Table(
-            box=box.ROUNDED,
-            title="Crawler Status Overview",
-            title_style="bold magenta",
-            header_style="bold blue",
-            show_lines=True,
-        )
-
-        # Calculate statistics
-        total_tasks = len(self.stats)
-        queued = sum(
-            1 for stat in self.stats.values() if stat.status == CrawlStatus.QUEUED
-        )
-        in_progress = sum(
-            1 for stat in self.stats.values() if stat.status == CrawlStatus.IN_PROGRESS
-        )
-        completed = sum(
-            1 for stat in self.stats.values() if stat.status == CrawlStatus.COMPLETED
-        )
-        failed = sum(
-            1 for stat in self.stats.values() if stat.status == CrawlStatus.FAILED
-        )
-
-        # Memory statistics
-        current_memory = self.process.memory_info().rss / (1024 * 1024)
-        total_task_memory = sum(stat.memory_usage for stat in self.stats.values())
-        peak_memory = max(
-            (stat.peak_memory for stat in self.stats.values()), default=0.0
-        )
-
-        # Duration
-        duration = time.time() - self.start_time
-
-        # Create status row
-        table.add_column("Status", style="bold cyan")
-        table.add_column("Count", justify="right")
-        table.add_column("Percentage", justify="right")
-
-        table.add_row("Total Tasks", str(total_tasks), "100%")
-        table.add_row(
-            "[yellow]In Queue[/yellow]",
-            str(queued),
-            f"{(queued / total_tasks * 100):.1f}%" if total_tasks > 0 else "0%",
-        )
-        table.add_row(
-            "[blue]In Progress[/blue]",
-            str(in_progress),
-            f"{(in_progress / total_tasks * 100):.1f}%" if total_tasks > 0 else "0%",
-        )
-        table.add_row(
-            "[green]Completed[/green]",
-            str(completed),
-            f"{(completed / total_tasks * 100):.1f}%" if total_tasks > 0 else "0%",
-        )
-        table.add_row(
-            "[red]Failed[/red]",
-            str(failed),
-            f"{(failed / total_tasks * 100):.1f}%" if total_tasks > 0 else "0%",
-        )
-
-        # Add memory information
-        table.add_section()
-        table.add_row(
-            "[magenta]Current Memory[/magenta]", f"{current_memory:.1f} MB", ""
-        )
-        table.add_row(
-            "[magenta]Total Task Memory[/magenta]", f"{total_task_memory:.1f} MB", ""
-        )
-        table.add_row(
-            "[magenta]Peak Task Memory[/magenta]", f"{peak_memory:.1f} MB", ""
-        )
-        table.add_row(
-            "[yellow]Runtime[/yellow]",
-            str(timedelta(seconds=int(duration))),
-            "",
-        )
-
-        return table
-
-    def _create_detailed_table(self) -> Table:
-        table = Table(
-            box=box.ROUNDED,
-            title="Crawler Performance Monitor",
-            title_style="bold magenta",
-            header_style="bold blue",
-        )
-
-        # Add columns
-        table.add_column("Task ID", style="cyan", no_wrap=True)
-        table.add_column("URL", style="cyan", no_wrap=True)
-        table.add_column("Status", style="bold")
-        table.add_column("Memory (MB)", justify="right")
-        table.add_column("Peak (MB)", justify="right")
-        table.add_column("Duration", justify="right")
-        table.add_column("Info", style="italic")
-
-        # Add summary row
-        total_memory = sum(stat.memory_usage for stat in self.stats.values())
-        active_count = sum(
-            1 for stat in self.stats.values() if stat.status == CrawlStatus.IN_PROGRESS
-        )
-        completed_count = sum(
-            1 for stat in self.stats.values() if stat.status == CrawlStatus.COMPLETED
-        )
-        failed_count = sum(
-            1 for stat in self.stats.values() if stat.status == CrawlStatus.FAILED
-        )
-
-        table.add_row(
-            "[bold yellow]SUMMARY",
-            f"Total: {len(self.stats)}",
-            f"Active: {active_count}",
-            f"{total_memory:.1f}",
-            f"{self.process.memory_info().rss / (1024 * 1024):.1f}",
-            str(
-                timedelta(
-                    seconds=int(time.time() - self.start_time)
-                )
-            ),
-            f"✓{completed_count} ✗{failed_count}",
-            style="bold",
-        )
-
-        table.add_section()
-
-        # Add rows for each task
-        visible_stats = sorted(
-            self.stats.values(),
-            key=lambda x: (
-                x.status != CrawlStatus.IN_PROGRESS,
-                x.status != CrawlStatus.QUEUED,
-                x.end_time or infinity,
-            ),
-        )[: self.max_visible_rows]
-
-        for stat in visible_stats:
-            status_style = {
-                CrawlStatus.QUEUED: "white",
-                CrawlStatus.IN_PROGRESS: "yellow",
-                CrawlStatus.COMPLETED: "green",
-                CrawlStatus.FAILED: "red",
-            }[stat.status]
-
-            table.add_row(
-                stat.task_id[:8],  # Show first 8 chars of task ID
-                stat.url[:40] + "..." if len(stat.url) > 40 else stat.url,
-                f"[{status_style}]{stat.status.value}[/{status_style}]",
-                f"{stat.memory_usage:.1f}",
-                f"{stat.peak_memory:.1f}",
-                stat.duration,
-                stat.error_message[:40] if stat.error_message else "",
-            )
-
-        return table
-
-    def _create_table(self) -> Table:
-        """Creates the appropriate table based on display mode"""
-        if self.display_mode == DisplayMode.AGGREGATED:
-            return self._create_aggregated_table()
-        return self._create_detailed_table()
-
 
 class BaseDispatcher(ABC):
     def __init__(
@@ -309,7 +110,7 @@ class BaseDispatcher(ABC):
     async def run_urls(
         self,
         urls: List[str],
-        crawler: "AsyncWebCrawler",  # noqa: F821
+        crawler: AsyncWebCrawler,  # noqa: F821
         config: CrawlerRunConfig,
         monitor: Optional[CrawlerMonitor] = None,
     ) -> List[CrawlerTaskResult]:
@@ -320,71 +121,144 @@ class MemoryAdaptiveDispatcher(BaseDispatcher):
     def __init__(
         self,
         memory_threshold_percent: float = 90.0,
+        critical_threshold_percent: float = 95.0,  # New critical threshold
+        recovery_threshold_percent: float = 85.0,  # New recovery threshold
         check_interval: float = 1.0,
         max_session_permit: int = 20,
-        memory_wait_timeout: float = 300.0,  # 5 minutes default timeout
+        fairness_timeout: float = 600.0,  # 10 minutes before prioritizing long-waiting URLs
         rate_limiter: Optional[RateLimiter] = None,
         monitor: Optional[CrawlerMonitor] = None,
     ):
         super().__init__(rate_limiter, monitor)
         self.memory_threshold_percent = memory_threshold_percent
+        self.critical_threshold_percent = critical_threshold_percent
+        self.recovery_threshold_percent = recovery_threshold_percent
         self.check_interval = check_interval
         self.max_session_permit = max_session_permit
-        self.memory_wait_timeout = memory_wait_timeout
-        self.result_queue = asyncio.Queue()  # Queue for storing results
-
+        self.fairness_timeout = fairness_timeout
+        self.result_queue = asyncio.Queue()
+        self.task_queue = asyncio.PriorityQueue()  # Priority queue for better management
+        self.memory_pressure_mode = False  # Flag to indicate when we're in memory pressure mode
+        self.current_memory_percent = 0.0  # Track current memory usage
+        
+    async def _memory_monitor_task(self):
+        """Background task to continuously monitor memory usage and update state"""
+        while True:
+            self.current_memory_percent = psutil.virtual_memory().percent
+            
+            # Enter memory pressure mode if we cross the threshold
+            if not self.memory_pressure_mode and self.current_memory_percent >= self.memory_threshold_percent:
+                self.memory_pressure_mode = True
+                if self.monitor:
+                    self.monitor.update_memory_status("PRESSURE")
+            
+            # Exit memory pressure mode if we go below recovery threshold
+            elif self.memory_pressure_mode and self.current_memory_percent <= self.recovery_threshold_percent:
+                self.memory_pressure_mode = False
+                if self.monitor:
+                    self.monitor.update_memory_status("NORMAL")
+            
+            # In critical mode, we might need to take more drastic action
+            if self.current_memory_percent >= self.critical_threshold_percent:
+                if self.monitor:
+                    self.monitor.update_memory_status("CRITICAL")
+                # We could implement additional memory-saving measures here
+                
+            await asyncio.sleep(self.check_interval)
+    
+    def _get_priority_score(self, wait_time: float, retry_count: int) -> float:
+        """Calculate priority score (lower is higher priority)
+        - URLs waiting longer than fairness_timeout get higher priority
+        - More retry attempts decreases priority
+        """
+        if wait_time > self.fairness_timeout:
+            # High priority for long-waiting URLs
+            return -wait_time
+        # Standard priority based on retries
+        return retry_count
+    
     async def crawl_url(
         self,
         url: str,
         config: CrawlerRunConfig,
         task_id: str,
+        retry_count: int = 0,
     ) -> CrawlerTaskResult:
         start_time = time.time()
         error_message = ""
         memory_usage = peak_memory = 0.0
-
+        
+        # Get starting memory for accurate measurement
+        process = psutil.Process()
+        start_memory = process.memory_info().rss / (1024 * 1024)
+        
         try:
             if self.monitor:
                 self.monitor.update_task(
-                    task_id, status=CrawlStatus.IN_PROGRESS, start_time=start_time
+                    task_id, 
+                    status=CrawlStatus.IN_PROGRESS, 
+                    start_time=start_time,
+                    retry_count=retry_count
                 )
+                
             self.concurrent_sessions += 1
-
+            
             if self.rate_limiter:
                 await self.rate_limiter.wait_if_needed(url)
-
-            process = psutil.Process()
-            start_memory = process.memory_info().rss / (1024 * 1024)
+                
+            # Check if we're in critical memory state
+            if self.current_memory_percent >= self.critical_threshold_percent:
+                # Requeue this task with increased priority and retry count
+                enqueue_time = time.time()
+                priority = self._get_priority_score(enqueue_time - start_time, retry_count + 1)
+                await self.task_queue.put((priority, (url, task_id, retry_count + 1, enqueue_time)))
+                
+                # Update monitoring
+                if self.monitor:
+                    self.monitor.update_task(
+                        task_id,
+                        status=CrawlStatus.QUEUED,
+                        error_message="Requeued due to critical memory pressure"
+                    )
+                
+                # Return placeholder result with requeued status
+                return CrawlerTaskResult(
+                    task_id=task_id,
+                    url=url,
+                    result=CrawlResult(
+                        url=url, html="", metadata={"status": "requeued"}, 
+                        success=False, error_message="Requeued due to critical memory pressure"
+                    ),
+                    memory_usage=0,
+                    peak_memory=0,
+                    start_time=start_time,
+                    end_time=time.time(),
+                    error_message="Requeued due to critical memory pressure",
+                    retry_count=retry_count + 1
+                )
+            
+            # Execute the crawl
             result = await self.crawler.arun(url, config=config, session_id=task_id)
+            
+            # Measure memory usage
             end_memory = process.memory_info().rss / (1024 * 1024)
-
             memory_usage = peak_memory = end_memory - start_memory
-
+            
+            # Handle rate limiting
             if self.rate_limiter and result.status_code:
                 if not self.rate_limiter.update_delay(url, result.status_code):
                     error_message = f"Rate limit retry count exceeded for domain {urlparse(url).netloc}"
                     if self.monitor:
                         self.monitor.update_task(task_id, status=CrawlStatus.FAILED)
-                    result = CrawlerTaskResult(
-                        task_id=task_id,
-                        url=url,
-                        result=result,
-                        memory_usage=memory_usage,
-                        peak_memory=peak_memory,
-                        start_time=start_time,
-                        end_time=time.time(),
-                        error_message=error_message,
-                    )
-                    await self.result_queue.put(result)
-                    return result
-
+                        
+            # Update status based on result
             if not result.success:
                 error_message = result.error_message
                 if self.monitor:
                     self.monitor.update_task(task_id, status=CrawlStatus.FAILED)
             elif self.monitor:
                 self.monitor.update_task(task_id, status=CrawlStatus.COMPLETED)
-
+                
         except Exception as e:
             error_message = str(e)
             if self.monitor:
@@ -392,7 +266,7 @@ class MemoryAdaptiveDispatcher(BaseDispatcher):
             result = CrawlResult(
                 url=url, html="", metadata={}, success=False, error_message=str(e)
             )
-
+            
         finally:
             end_time = time.time()
             if self.monitor:
@@ -402,9 +276,10 @@ class MemoryAdaptiveDispatcher(BaseDispatcher):
                     memory_usage=memory_usage,
                     peak_memory=peak_memory,
                     error_message=error_message,
+                    retry_count=retry_count
                 )
             self.concurrent_sessions -= 1
-
+            
         return CrawlerTaskResult(
             task_id=task_id,
             url=url,
@@ -414,116 +289,240 @@ class MemoryAdaptiveDispatcher(BaseDispatcher):
             start_time=start_time,
             end_time=end_time,
             error_message=error_message,
+            retry_count=retry_count
         )
-
+        
     async def run_urls(
         self,
         urls: List[str],
-        crawler: "AsyncWebCrawler",  # noqa: F821
+        crawler: AsyncWebCrawler,
         config: CrawlerRunConfig,
     ) -> List[CrawlerTaskResult]:
         self.crawler = crawler
-
+        
+        # Start the memory monitor task
+        memory_monitor = asyncio.create_task(self._memory_monitor_task())
+        
         if self.monitor:
             self.monitor.start()
-
+            
+        results = []
+        
         try:
-            pending_tasks = []
-            active_tasks = []
-            task_queue = []
-
-            for url in urls:
-                task_id = str(uuid.uuid4())
-                if self.monitor:
-                    self.monitor.add_task(task_id, url)
-                task_queue.append((url, task_id))
-
-            while task_queue or active_tasks:
-                wait_start_time = time.time()
-                while len(active_tasks) < self.max_session_permit and task_queue:
-                    if psutil.virtual_memory().percent >= self.memory_threshold_percent:
-                        # Check if we've exceeded the timeout
-                        if time.time() - wait_start_time > self.memory_wait_timeout:
-                            raise MemoryError(
-                                f"Memory usage above threshold ({self.memory_threshold_percent}%) for more than {self.memory_wait_timeout} seconds"
-                            )
-                        await asyncio.sleep(self.check_interval)
-                        continue
-
-                    url, task_id = task_queue.pop(0)
-                    task = asyncio.create_task(self.crawl_url(url, config, task_id))
-                    active_tasks.append(task)
-
-                if not active_tasks:
-                    await asyncio.sleep(self.check_interval)
-                    continue
-
-                done, pending = await asyncio.wait(
-                    active_tasks, return_when=asyncio.FIRST_COMPLETED
-                )
-
-                pending_tasks.extend(done)
-                active_tasks = list(pending)
-
-            return await asyncio.gather(*pending_tasks)
-        finally:
-            if self.monitor:
-                self.monitor.stop()
-
-    async def run_urls_stream(
-        self,
-        urls: List[str],
-        crawler: "AsyncWebCrawler", # noqa: F821
-        config: CrawlerRunConfig,
-    ) -> AsyncGenerator[CrawlerTaskResult, None]:
-        self.crawler = crawler
-        if self.monitor:
-            self.monitor.start()
-
-        try:
-            active_tasks = []
-            task_queue = []
-            completed_count = 0
-            total_urls = len(urls)
-
             # Initialize task queue
             for url in urls:
                 task_id = str(uuid.uuid4())
                 if self.monitor:
                     self.monitor.add_task(task_id, url)
-                task_queue.append((url, task_id))
-
-            while completed_count < total_urls:
-                # Start new tasks if memory permits
-                while len(active_tasks) < self.max_session_permit and task_queue:
-                    if psutil.virtual_memory().percent >= self.memory_threshold_percent:
-                        await asyncio.sleep(self.check_interval)
-                        continue
-
-                    url, task_id = task_queue.pop(0)
-                    task = asyncio.create_task(self.crawl_url(url, config, task_id))
-                    active_tasks.append(task)
-
-                if not active_tasks and not task_queue:
-                    break
-
-                # Wait for any task to complete and yield results
+                # Add to queue with initial priority 0, retry count 0, and current time
+                await self.task_queue.put((0, (url, task_id, 0, time.time())))
+                
+            active_tasks = []
+            
+            # Process until both queues are empty
+            while not self.task_queue.empty() or active_tasks:
+                # If memory pressure is low, start new tasks
+                if not self.memory_pressure_mode and len(active_tasks) < self.max_session_permit:
+                    try:
+                        # Try to get a task with timeout to avoid blocking indefinitely
+                        priority, (url, task_id, retry_count, enqueue_time) = await asyncio.wait_for(
+                            self.task_queue.get(), timeout=0.1
+                        )
+                        
+                        # Create and start the task
+                        task = asyncio.create_task(
+                            self.crawl_url(url, config, task_id, retry_count)
+                        )
+                        active_tasks.append(task)
+                        
+                        # Update waiting time in monitor
+                        if self.monitor:
+                            wait_time = time.time() - enqueue_time
+                            self.monitor.update_task(
+                                task_id, 
+                                wait_time=wait_time,
+                                status=CrawlStatus.IN_PROGRESS
+                            )
+                            
+                    except asyncio.TimeoutError:
+                        # No tasks in queue, that's fine
+                        pass
+                        
+                # Wait for completion even if queue is starved
                 if active_tasks:
                     done, pending = await asyncio.wait(
                         active_tasks, timeout=0.1, return_when=asyncio.FIRST_COMPLETED
                     )
+                    
+                    # Process completed tasks
                     for completed_task in done:
                         result = await completed_task
-                        completed_count += 1
-                        yield result
+                        results.append(result)
+                        
+                    # Update active tasks list
                     active_tasks = list(pending)
                 else:
-                    await asyncio.sleep(self.check_interval)
+                    # If no active tasks but still waiting, sleep briefly
+                    await asyncio.sleep(self.check_interval / 2)
+                    
+                # Update priorities for waiting tasks if needed
+                await self._update_queue_priorities()
+                
+            return results
 
+        except Exception as e:
+            if self.monitor:
+                self.monitor.update_memory_status(f"QUEUE_ERROR: {str(e)}")                
+        
         finally:
+            # Clean up
+            memory_monitor.cancel()
             if self.monitor:
                 self.monitor.stop()
-
+                
+    async def _update_queue_priorities(self):
+        """Periodically update priorities of items in the queue to prevent starvation"""
+        # Skip if queue is empty
+        if self.task_queue.empty():
+            return
+            
+        # Use a drain-and-refill approach to update all priorities
+        temp_items = []
+        
+        # Drain the queue (with a safety timeout to prevent blocking)
+        try:
+            drain_start = time.time()
+            while not self.task_queue.empty() and time.time() - drain_start < 5.0:  # 5 second safety timeout
+                try:
+                    # Get item from queue with timeout
+                    priority, (url, task_id, retry_count, enqueue_time) = await asyncio.wait_for(
+                        self.task_queue.get(), timeout=0.1
+                    )
+                    
+                    # Calculate new priority based on current wait time
+                    current_time = time.time()
+                    wait_time = current_time - enqueue_time
+                    new_priority = self._get_priority_score(wait_time, retry_count)
+                    
+                    # Store with updated priority
+                    temp_items.append((new_priority, (url, task_id, retry_count, enqueue_time)))
+                    
+                    # Update monitoring stats for this task
+                    if self.monitor and task_id in self.monitor.stats:
+                        self.monitor.update_task(task_id, wait_time=wait_time)
+                        
+                except asyncio.TimeoutError:
+                    # Queue might be empty or very slow
+                    break
+        except Exception as e:
+            # If anything goes wrong, make sure we refill the queue with what we've got
+            self.monitor.update_memory_status(f"QUEUE_ERROR: {str(e)}")
+        
+        # Calculate queue statistics
+        if temp_items and self.monitor:
+            total_queued = len(temp_items)
+            wait_times = [item[1][3] for item in temp_items]
+            highest_wait_time = time.time() - min(wait_times) if wait_times else 0
+            avg_wait_time = sum(time.time() - t for t in wait_times) / len(wait_times) if wait_times else 0
+            
+            # Update queue statistics in monitor
+            self.monitor.update_queue_statistics(
+                total_queued=total_queued,
+                highest_wait_time=highest_wait_time,
+                avg_wait_time=avg_wait_time
+            )
+        
+        # Sort by priority (lowest number = highest priority)
+        temp_items.sort(key=lambda x: x[0])
+        
+        # Refill the queue with updated priorities
+        for item in temp_items:
+            await self.task_queue.put(item)
+                
+    async def run_urls_stream(
+        self,
+        urls: List[str],
+        crawler: AsyncWebCrawler,
+        config: CrawlerRunConfig,
+    ) -> AsyncGenerator[CrawlerTaskResult, None]:
+        self.crawler = crawler
+        
+        # Start the memory monitor task
+        memory_monitor = asyncio.create_task(self._memory_monitor_task())
+        
+        if self.monitor:
+            self.monitor.start()
+            
+        try:
+            # Initialize task queue
+            for url in urls:
+                task_id = str(uuid.uuid4())
+                if self.monitor:
+                    self.monitor.add_task(task_id, url)
+                # Add to queue with initial priority 0, retry count 0, and current time
+                await self.task_queue.put((0, (url, task_id, 0, time.time())))
+                
+            active_tasks = []
+            completed_count = 0
+            total_urls = len(urls)
+            
+            while completed_count < total_urls:
+                # If memory pressure is low, start new tasks
+                if not self.memory_pressure_mode and len(active_tasks) < self.max_session_permit:
+                    try:
+                        # Try to get a task with timeout
+                        priority, (url, task_id, retry_count, enqueue_time) = await asyncio.wait_for(
+                            self.task_queue.get(), timeout=0.1
+                        )
+                        
+                        # Create and start the task
+                        task = asyncio.create_task(
+                            self.crawl_url(url, config, task_id, retry_count)
+                        )
+                        active_tasks.append(task)
+                        
+                        # Update waiting time in monitor
+                        if self.monitor:
+                            wait_time = time.time() - enqueue_time
+                            self.monitor.update_task(
+                                task_id, 
+                                wait_time=wait_time,
+                                status=CrawlStatus.IN_PROGRESS
+                            )
+                            
+                    except asyncio.TimeoutError:
+                        # No tasks in queue, that's fine
+                        pass
+                        
+                # Process completed tasks and yield results
+                if active_tasks:
+                    done, pending = await asyncio.wait(
+                        active_tasks, timeout=0.1, return_when=asyncio.FIRST_COMPLETED
+                    )
+                    
+                    for completed_task in done:
+                        result = await completed_task
+                        
+                        # Only count as completed if it wasn't requeued
+                        if "requeued" not in result.error_message:
+                            completed_count += 1
+                            yield result
+                        
+                    # Update active tasks list
+                    active_tasks = list(pending)
+                else:
+                    # If no active tasks but still waiting, sleep briefly
+                    await asyncio.sleep(self.check_interval / 2)
+                
+                # Update priorities for waiting tasks if needed
+                await self._update_queue_priorities()
+                
+        finally:
+            # Clean up
+            memory_monitor.cancel()
+            if self.monitor:
+                self.monitor.stop()
+                
 
 class SemaphoreDispatcher(BaseDispatcher):
     def __init__(
@@ -620,7 +619,7 @@ class SemaphoreDispatcher(BaseDispatcher):
 
     async def run_urls(
         self,
-        crawler: "AsyncWebCrawler",  # noqa: F821
+        crawler: AsyncWebCrawler,  # noqa: F821
         urls: List[str],
         config: CrawlerRunConfig,
     ) -> List[CrawlerTaskResult]:
@@ -644,4 +643,4 @@ class SemaphoreDispatcher(BaseDispatcher):
             return await asyncio.gather(*tasks, return_exceptions=True)
         finally:
             if self.monitor:
-                self.monitor.stop()
+                self.monitor.stop()

crawl4ai/async_logger.py

@@ -156,9 +156,22 @@ class AsyncLogger(AsyncLoggerBase):
                 formatted_message = message.format(**params)
 
                 # Then apply colors if specified
+                color_map = {
+                    "green": Fore.GREEN,
+                    "red": Fore.RED,
+                    "yellow": Fore.YELLOW,
+                    "blue": Fore.BLUE,
+                    "cyan": Fore.CYAN,
+                    "magenta": Fore.MAGENTA,
+                    "white": Fore.WHITE,
+                    "black": Fore.BLACK,
+                    "reset": Style.RESET_ALL,
+                }
                 if colors:
                     for key, color in colors.items():
                         # Find the formatted value in the message and wrap it with color
+                        if color in color_map:
+                            color = color_map[color]
                         if key in params:
                             value_str = str(params[key])
                             formatted_message = formatted_message.replace(

crawl4ai/async_webcrawler.py

@@ -4,20 +4,26 @@ import sys
 import time
 from colorama import Fore
 from pathlib import Path
-from typing import Optional, List, Generic, TypeVar
+from typing import Optional, List
 import json
 import asyncio
 
 # from contextlib import nullcontext, asynccontextmanager
 from contextlib import asynccontextmanager
-from .models import CrawlResult, MarkdownGenerationResult, DispatchResult, ScrapingResult
+from .models import (
+    CrawlResult,
+    MarkdownGenerationResult,
+    DispatchResult,
+    ScrapingResult,
+    CrawlResultContainer,
+    RunManyReturn
+)
 from .async_database import async_db_manager
 from .chunking_strategy import *  # noqa: F403
-from .chunking_strategy import RegexChunking, ChunkingStrategy, IdentityChunking
+from .chunking_strategy import IdentityChunking
 from .content_filter_strategy import *  # noqa: F403
-from .content_filter_strategy import RelevantContentFilter
-from .extraction_strategy import * # noqa: F403
-from .extraction_strategy import NoExtractionStrategy, ExtractionStrategy
+from .extraction_strategy import *  # noqa: F403
+from .extraction_strategy import NoExtractionStrategy
 from .async_crawler_strategy import (
     AsyncCrawlerStrategy,
     AsyncPlaywrightCrawlerStrategy,
@@ -31,10 +37,9 @@ from .markdown_generation_strategy import (
 from .deep_crawling import DeepCrawlDecorator
 from .async_logger import AsyncLogger, AsyncLoggerBase
 from .async_configs import BrowserConfig, CrawlerRunConfig
-from .async_dispatcher import * # noqa: F403
+from .async_dispatcher import *  # noqa: F403
 from .async_dispatcher import BaseDispatcher, MemoryAdaptiveDispatcher, RateLimiter
 
-from .config import MIN_WORD_THRESHOLD
 from .utils import (
     sanitize_input_encode,
     InvalidCSSSelectorError,
@@ -44,45 +49,6 @@ from .utils import (
     RobotsParser,
 )
 
-from typing import Union, AsyncGenerator
-
-CrawlResultT = TypeVar('CrawlResultT', bound=CrawlResult)
-# RunManyReturn = Union[CrawlResultT, List[CrawlResultT], AsyncGenerator[CrawlResultT, None]]
-
-class CrawlResultContainer(Generic[CrawlResultT]):
-    def __init__(self, results: Union[CrawlResultT, List[CrawlResultT]]):
-        # Normalize to a list
-        if isinstance(results, list):
-            self._results = results
-        else:
-            self._results = [results]
-
-    def __iter__(self):
-        return iter(self._results)
-
-    def __getitem__(self, index):
-        return self._results[index]
-
-    def __len__(self):
-        return len(self._results)
-
-    def __getattr__(self, attr):
-        # Delegate attribute access to the first element.
-        if self._results:
-            return getattr(self._results[0], attr)
-        raise AttributeError(f"{self.__class__.__name__} object has no attribute '{attr}'")
-
-    def __repr__(self):
-        return f"{self.__class__.__name__}({self._results!r})"
-
-# Redefine the union type. Now synchronous calls always return a container,
-# while stream mode is handled with an AsyncGenerator.
-RunManyReturn = Union[
-    CrawlResultContainer[CrawlResultT],
-    AsyncGenerator[CrawlResultT, None]
-]
-
-
 
 class AsyncWebCrawler:
     """
@@ -195,23 +161,18 @@ class AsyncWebCrawler:
 
         # Decorate arun method with deep crawling capabilities
         self._deep_handler = DeepCrawlDecorator(self)
-        self.arun = self._deep_handler(self.arun)  
+        self.arun = self._deep_handler(self.arun)
 
     async def start(self):
         """
         Start the crawler explicitly without using context manager.
         This is equivalent to using 'async with' but gives more control over the lifecycle.
-
-        This method will:
-        1. Initialize the browser and context
-        2. Perform warmup sequence
-        3. Return the crawler instance for method chaining
-
         Returns:
             AsyncWebCrawler: The initialized crawler instance
         """
         await self.crawler_strategy.__aenter__()
-        await self.awarmup()
+        self.logger.info(f"Crawl4AI {crawl4ai_version}", tag="INIT")
+        self.ready = True
         return self
 
     async def close(self):
@@ -231,18 +192,6 @@ class AsyncWebCrawler:
     async def __aexit__(self, exc_type, exc_val, exc_tb):
         await self.close()
 
-    async def awarmup(self):
-        """
-        Initialize the crawler with warm-up sequence.
-
-        This method:
-        1. Logs initialization info
-        2. Sets up browser configuration
-        3. Marks the crawler as ready
-        """
-        self.logger.info(f"Crawl4AI {crawl4ai_version}", tag="INIT")
-        self.ready = True
-
     @asynccontextmanager
     async def nullcontext(self):
         """异步空上下文管理器"""
@@ -282,6 +231,10 @@ class AsyncWebCrawler:
         Returns:
             CrawlResult: The result of crawling and processing
         """
+        # Auto-start if not ready
+        if not self.ready:
+            await self.start()
+
         config = config or CrawlerRunConfig()
         if not isinstance(url, str) or not url:
             raise ValueError("Invalid URL, make sure the URL is a non-empty string")
@@ -295,9 +248,7 @@ class AsyncWebCrawler:
                     config.cache_mode = CacheMode.ENABLED
 
                 # Create cache context
-                cache_context = CacheContext(
-                    url, config.cache_mode, False
-                )
+                cache_context = CacheContext(url, config.cache_mode, False)
 
                 # Initialize processing variables
                 async_response: AsyncCrawlResponse = None
@@ -327,7 +278,7 @@ class AsyncWebCrawler:
                     # if config.screenshot and not screenshot or config.pdf and not pdf:
                     if config.screenshot and not screenshot_data:
                         cached_result = None
-                    
+
                     if config.pdf and not pdf_data:
                         cached_result = None
 
@@ -359,14 +310,18 @@ class AsyncWebCrawler:
 
                     # Check robots.txt if enabled
                     if config and config.check_robots_txt:
-                        if not await self.robots_parser.can_fetch(url, self.browser_config.user_agent):
+                        if not await self.robots_parser.can_fetch(
+                            url, self.browser_config.user_agent
+                        ):
                             return CrawlResult(
                                 url=url,
                                 html="",
                                 success=False,
                                 status_code=403,
                                 error_message="Access denied by robots.txt",
-                                response_headers={"X-Robots-Status": "Blocked by robots.txt"}
+                                response_headers={
+                                    "X-Robots-Status": "Blocked by robots.txt"
+                                },
                             )
 
                     ##############################
@@ -393,7 +348,7 @@ class AsyncWebCrawler:
                     ###############################################################
                     # Process the HTML content, Call CrawlerStrategy.process_html #
                     ###############################################################
-                    crawl_result : CrawlResult = await self.aprocess_html(
+                    crawl_result: CrawlResult = await self.aprocess_html(
                         url=url,
                         html=html,
                         extracted_content=extracted_content,
@@ -470,7 +425,7 @@ class AsyncWebCrawler:
                     tag="ERROR",
                 )
 
-                return  CrawlResultContainer(
+                return CrawlResultContainer(
                     CrawlResult(
                         url=url, html="", success=False, error_message=error_message
                     )
@@ -514,15 +469,15 @@ class AsyncWebCrawler:
                 scraping_strategy.logger = self.logger
 
             # Process HTML content
-            params = {k: v for k, v in config.to_dict().items() if k not in ["url"]}
+            params = config.__dict__.copy()
+            params.pop("url", None)
             # add keys from kwargs to params that doesn't exist in params
             params.update({k: v for k, v in kwargs.items() if k not in params.keys()})
 
-            
             ################################
             # Scraping Strategy Execution  #
             ################################
-            result : ScrapingResult = scraping_strategy.scrap(url, html, **params)
+            result: ScrapingResult = scraping_strategy.scrap(url, html, **params)
 
             if result is None:
                 raise ValueError(
@@ -571,7 +526,10 @@ class AsyncWebCrawler:
         self.logger.info(
             message="{url:.50}... | Time: {timing}s",
             tag="SCRAPE",
-            params={"url": _url, "timing": int((time.perf_counter() - t1) * 1000) / 1000},
+            params={
+                "url": _url,
+                "timing": int((time.perf_counter() - t1) * 1000) / 1000,
+            },
         )
 
         ################################
@@ -646,7 +604,7 @@ class AsyncWebCrawler:
     async def arun_many(
         self,
         urls: List[str],
-        config: Optional[CrawlerRunConfig] = None, 
+        config: Optional[CrawlerRunConfig] = None,
         dispatcher: Optional[BaseDispatcher] = None,
         # Legacy parameters maintained for backwards compatibility
         # word_count_threshold=MIN_WORD_THRESHOLD,
@@ -660,8 +618,8 @@ class AsyncWebCrawler:
         # pdf: bool = False,
         # user_agent: str = None,
         # verbose=True,
-        **kwargs
-        ) -> RunManyReturn:
+        **kwargs,
+    ) -> RunManyReturn:
         """
         Runs the crawler for multiple URLs concurrently using a configurable dispatcher strategy.
 
@@ -717,37 +675,32 @@ class AsyncWebCrawler:
 
         def transform_result(task_result):
             return (
-                    setattr(task_result.result, 'dispatch_result', 
-                        DispatchResult(
-                            task_id=task_result.task_id,
-                            memory_usage=task_result.memory_usage,
-                            peak_memory=task_result.peak_memory,
-                            start_time=task_result.start_time,
-                            end_time=task_result.end_time,
-                            error_message=task_result.error_message,
-                        )
-                    ) or task_result.result
+                setattr(
+                    task_result.result,
+                    "dispatch_result",
+                    DispatchResult(
+                        task_id=task_result.task_id,
+                        memory_usage=task_result.memory_usage,
+                        peak_memory=task_result.peak_memory,
+                        start_time=task_result.start_time,
+                        end_time=task_result.end_time,
+                        error_message=task_result.error_message,
+                    ),
                 )
+                or task_result.result
+            )
 
         stream = config.stream
-        
+
         if stream:
+
             async def result_transformer():
-                async for task_result in dispatcher.run_urls_stream(crawler=self, urls=urls, config=config):
+                async for task_result in dispatcher.run_urls_stream(
+                    crawler=self, urls=urls, config=config
+                ):
                     yield transform_result(task_result)
+
             return result_transformer()
         else:
             _results = await dispatcher.run_urls(crawler=self, urls=urls, config=config)
-            return [transform_result(res) for res in _results]    
-
-    async def aclear_cache(self):
-        """Clear the cache database."""
-        await async_db_manager.cleanup()
-
-    async def aflush_cache(self):
-        """Flush the cache database."""
-        await async_db_manager.aflush_db()
-
-    async def aget_cache_size(self):
-        """Get the total number of cached items."""
-        return await async_db_manager.aget_total_count()
+            return [transform_result(res) for res in _results]

crawl4ai/browser/__init__.py

@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+"""Browser management module for Crawl4AI.
+
+This module provides browser management capabilities using different strategies
+for browser creation and interaction.
+"""
+
+from .manager import BrowserManager
+from .profiles import BrowserProfileManager
+from .models import DockerConfig
+from .docker_registry import DockerRegistry
+from .docker_utils import DockerUtils
+from .browser_hub import BrowserHub
+from .strategies import (
+    BaseBrowserStrategy,
+    PlaywrightBrowserStrategy,
+    CDPBrowserStrategy,
+    BuiltinBrowserStrategy,
+    DockerBrowserStrategy
+)
+
+__all__ = ['BrowserManager', 'BrowserProfileManager', 'DockerConfig', 'DockerRegistry', 'DockerUtils', 'BaseBrowserStrategy',
+           'PlaywrightBrowserStrategy', 'CDPBrowserStrategy', 'BuiltinBrowserStrategy',
+           'DockerBrowserStrategy', 'BrowserHub']

crawl4ai/browser/browser_hub.py

@@ -0,0 +1,184 @@
+# browser_hub_manager.py
+import hashlib
+import json
+import asyncio
+from typing import Dict, Optional, List, Tuple
+from .manager import BrowserManager, UnavailableBehavior
+from ..async_configs import BrowserConfig, CrawlerRunConfig
+from ..async_logger import AsyncLogger
+
+class BrowserHub:
+    """
+    Manages Browser-Hub instances for sharing across multiple pipelines.
+    
+    This class provides centralized management for browser resources, allowing
+    multiple pipelines to share browser instances efficiently, connect to
+    existing browser hubs, or create new ones with custom configurations.
+    """
+    _instances: Dict[str, BrowserManager] = {}
+    _lock = asyncio.Lock()
+    
+    @classmethod
+    async def get_browser_manager(
+        cls, 
+        config: Optional[BrowserConfig] = None,
+        hub_id: Optional[str] = None,
+        connection_info: Optional[str] = None,
+        logger: Optional[AsyncLogger] = None,
+        max_browsers_per_config: int = 10,
+        max_pages_per_browser: int = 5,
+        initial_pool_size: int = 1,
+        page_configs: Optional[List[Tuple[BrowserConfig, CrawlerRunConfig, int]]] = None
+    ) -> BrowserManager:
+        """
+        Get an existing BrowserManager or create a new one based on parameters.
+        
+        Args:
+            config: Browser configuration for new hub
+            hub_id: Identifier for the hub instance
+            connection_info: Connection string for existing hub
+            logger: Logger for recording events and errors
+            max_browsers_per_config: Maximum browsers per configuration
+            max_pages_per_browser: Maximum pages per browser
+            initial_pool_size: Initial number of browsers to create
+            page_configs: Optional configurations for pre-warming pages
+            
+        Returns:
+            BrowserManager: The requested browser manager instance
+        """
+        async with cls._lock:
+            # Scenario 3: Use existing hub via connection info
+            if connection_info:
+                instance_key = f"connection:{connection_info}"
+                if instance_key not in cls._instances:
+                    cls._instances[instance_key] = await cls._connect_to_browser_hub(
+                        connection_info, logger
+                    )
+                return cls._instances[instance_key]
+                
+            # Scenario 2: Custom configured hub
+            if config:
+                config_hash = cls._hash_config(config)
+                instance_key = hub_id or f"config:{config_hash}"
+                if instance_key not in cls._instances:
+                    cls._instances[instance_key] = await cls._create_browser_manager(
+                        config, 
+                        logger,
+                        max_browsers_per_config,
+                        max_pages_per_browser,
+                        initial_pool_size,
+                        page_configs
+                    )
+                return cls._instances[instance_key]
+            
+            # Scenario 1: Default hub
+            instance_key = "default"
+            if instance_key not in cls._instances:
+                cls._instances[instance_key] = await cls._create_default_browser_hub(
+                    logger,
+                    max_browsers_per_config,
+                    max_pages_per_browser,
+                    initial_pool_size
+                )
+            return cls._instances[instance_key]
+    
+    @classmethod
+    async def _create_browser_manager(
+        cls, 
+        config: BrowserConfig,
+        logger: Optional[AsyncLogger],
+        max_browsers_per_config: int,
+        max_pages_per_browser: int,
+        initial_pool_size: int,
+        page_configs: Optional[List[Tuple[BrowserConfig, CrawlerRunConfig, int]]] = None
+    ) -> BrowserManager:
+        """Create a new browser hub with the specified configuration."""
+        manager = BrowserManager(
+            browser_config=config,
+            logger=logger,
+            unavailable_behavior=UnavailableBehavior.ON_DEMAND,
+            max_browsers_per_config=max_browsers_per_config,
+            max_pages_per_browser=max_pages_per_browser,
+        )
+        
+        # Initialize the pool
+        await manager.initialize_pool(
+            browser_configs=[config] if config else None,
+            browsers_per_config=initial_pool_size,
+            page_configs=page_configs
+        )
+        
+        return manager
+    
+    @classmethod
+    async def _create_default_browser_hub(
+        cls,
+        logger: Optional[AsyncLogger],
+        max_browsers_per_config: int,
+        max_pages_per_browser: int,
+        initial_pool_size: int
+    ) -> BrowserManager:
+        """Create a default browser hub with standard settings."""
+        config = BrowserConfig(headless=True)
+        return await cls._create_browser_manager(
+            config, 
+            logger, 
+            max_browsers_per_config, 
+            max_pages_per_browser, 
+            initial_pool_size,
+            None
+        )
+    
+    @classmethod
+    async def _connect_to_browser_hub(
+        cls, 
+        connection_info: str,
+        logger: Optional[AsyncLogger]
+    ) -> BrowserManager:
+        """
+        Connect to an existing browser hub.
+        
+        Note: This is a placeholder for future remote connection functionality.
+        Currently creates a local instance.
+        """
+        if logger:
+            logger.info(
+                message="Remote browser hub connections not yet implemented. Creating local instance.",
+                tag="BROWSER_HUB"
+            )
+        # For now, create a default local instance
+        return await cls._create_default_browser_hub(
+            logger, 
+            max_browsers_per_config=10, 
+            max_pages_per_browser=5, 
+            initial_pool_size=1
+        )
+    
+    @classmethod
+    def _hash_config(cls, config: BrowserConfig) -> str:
+        """Create a hash of the browser configuration for identification."""
+        # Convert config to dictionary, excluding any callable objects
+        config_dict = config.__dict__.copy()
+        for key in list(config_dict.keys()):
+            if callable(config_dict[key]):
+                del config_dict[key]
+        
+        # Convert to canonical JSON string
+        config_json = json.dumps(config_dict, sort_keys=True, default=str)
+        
+        # Hash the JSON
+        config_hash = hashlib.sha256(config_json.encode()).hexdigest()
+        return config_hash
+    
+    @classmethod
+    async def shutdown_all(cls):
+        """Close all browser hub instances and clear the registry."""
+        async with cls._lock:
+            shutdown_tasks = []
+            for hub in cls._instances.values():
+                shutdown_tasks.append(hub.close())
+            
+            if shutdown_tasks:
+                await asyncio.gather(*shutdown_tasks)
+            
+            cls._instances.clear()

crawl4ai/browser/docker/alpine/connect.Dockerfile

@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+# ---------- Dockerfile ----------
+    FROM alpine:latest
+
+    # Combine everything in one RUN to keep layers minimal.
+    RUN apk update && apk upgrade && \
+        apk add --no-cache \
+            chromium \
+            nss \
+            freetype \
+            harfbuzz \
+            ca-certificates \
+            ttf-freefont \
+            socat \
+            curl && \
+        addgroup -S chromium && adduser -S chromium -G chromium && \
+        mkdir -p /data && chown chromium:chromium /data && \
+        rm -rf /var/cache/apk/*
+    
+    # Copy start script, then chown/chmod in one step
+    COPY start.sh /home/chromium/start.sh
+    RUN chown chromium:chromium /home/chromium/start.sh && \
+        chmod +x /home/chromium/start.sh
+    
+    USER chromium
+    WORKDIR /home/chromium
+    
+    # Expose port used by socat (mapping 9222→9223 or whichever you prefer)
+    EXPOSE 9223
+    
+    # Simple healthcheck: is the remote debug endpoint responding?
+    HEALTHCHECK --interval=30s --timeout=5s --retries=3 CMD curl -f http://localhost:9222/json/version || exit 1
+    
+    CMD ["./start.sh"]
+    

crawl4ai/browser/docker/alpine/launch.Dockerfile

@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+# ---------- Dockerfile (Idle Version) ----------
+    FROM alpine:latest
+
+    # Install only Chromium and its dependencies in a single layer
+    RUN apk update && apk upgrade && \
+        apk add --no-cache \
+            chromium \
+            nss \
+            freetype \
+            harfbuzz \
+            ca-certificates \
+            ttf-freefont \
+            socat \
+            curl && \
+        addgroup -S chromium && adduser -S chromium -G chromium && \
+        mkdir -p /data && chown chromium:chromium /data && \
+        rm -rf /var/cache/apk/*
+    
+    ENV PATH="/usr/bin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/sbin"
+
+    # Switch to a non-root user for security
+    USER chromium
+    WORKDIR /home/chromium
+    
+    # Idle: container does nothing except stay alive
+    CMD ["tail", "-f", "/dev/null"]
+    

crawl4ai/browser/docker/debian/connect.Dockerfile

@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+# Use Debian 12 (Bookworm) slim for a small, stable base image
+FROM debian:bookworm-slim
+
+ENV DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive
+
+# Install Chromium, socat, and basic fonts
+RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends \
+    chromium \
+    wget \
+    curl \
+    socat \
+    fonts-freefont-ttf \
+    fonts-noto-color-emoji && \
+    apt-get clean && rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*
+
+# Copy start.sh and make it executable
+COPY start.sh /start.sh
+RUN chmod +x /start.sh
+
+# Expose socat port (use host mapping, e.g. -p 9225:9223)
+EXPOSE 9223
+
+ENTRYPOINT ["/start.sh"]

crawl4ai/browser/docker_registry.py

@@ -0,0 +1,264 @@
+"""Docker registry module for Crawl4AI.
+
+This module provides a registry system for tracking and reusing Docker containers
+across browser sessions, improving performance and resource utilization.
+"""
+
+import os
+import json
+import time
+from typing import Dict, Optional
+
+from ..utils import get_home_folder
+
+
+class DockerRegistry:
+    """Manages a registry of Docker containers used for browser automation.
+    
+    This registry tracks containers by configuration hash, allowing reuse of appropriately
+    configured containers instead of creating new ones for each session.
+    
+    Attributes:
+        registry_file (str): Path to the registry file
+        containers (dict): Dictionary of container information
+        port_map (dict): Map of host ports to container IDs
+        last_port (int): Last port assigned
+    """
+    
+    def __init__(self, registry_file: Optional[str] = None):
+        """Initialize the registry with an optional path to the registry file.
+        
+        Args:
+            registry_file: Path to the registry file. If None, uses default path.
+        """
+        # Use the same file path as BuiltinBrowserStrategy by default
+        self.registry_file = registry_file or os.path.join(get_home_folder(), "builtin-browser", "browser_config.json")
+        self.containers = {}  # Still maintain this for backward compatibility
+        self.port_map = {}    # Will be populated from the shared file
+        self.last_port = 9222
+        self.load()
+    
+    def load(self):
+        """Load container registry from file."""
+        if os.path.exists(self.registry_file):
+            try:
+                with open(self.registry_file, 'r') as f:
+                    registry_data = json.load(f)
+                    
+                    # Initialize port_map if not present
+                    if "port_map" not in registry_data:
+                        registry_data["port_map"] = {}
+                    
+                    self.port_map = registry_data.get("port_map", {})
+                    
+                    # Extract container information from port_map entries of type "docker"
+                    self.containers = {}
+                    for port_str, browser_info in self.port_map.items():
+                        if browser_info.get("browser_type") == "docker" and "container_id" in browser_info:
+                            container_id = browser_info["container_id"]
+                            self.containers[container_id] = {
+                                "host_port": int(port_str),
+                                "config_hash": browser_info.get("config_hash", ""),
+                                "created_at": browser_info.get("created_at", time.time())
+                            }
+                    
+                    # Get last port if available
+                    if "last_port" in registry_data:
+                        self.last_port = registry_data["last_port"]
+                    else:
+                        # Find highest port in port_map
+                        ports = [int(p) for p in self.port_map.keys() if p.isdigit()]
+                        self.last_port = max(ports + [9222])
+                    
+            except Exception as e:
+                # Reset to defaults on error
+                print(f"Error loading registry: {e}")
+                self.containers = {}
+                self.port_map = {}
+                self.last_port = 9222
+        else:
+            # Initialize with defaults if file doesn't exist
+            self.containers = {}
+            self.port_map = {}
+            self.last_port = 9222
+    
+    def save(self):
+        """Save container registry to file."""
+        # First load the current file to avoid overwriting other browser types
+        current_data = {"port_map": {}, "last_port": self.last_port}
+        if os.path.exists(self.registry_file):
+            try:
+                with open(self.registry_file, 'r') as f:
+                    current_data = json.load(f)
+            except Exception:
+                pass
+        
+        # Create a new port_map dictionary
+        updated_port_map = {}
+        
+        # First, copy all non-docker entries from the existing port_map
+        for port_str, browser_info in current_data.get("port_map", {}).items():
+            if browser_info.get("browser_type") != "docker":
+                updated_port_map[port_str] = browser_info
+        
+        # Then add all current docker container entries
+        for container_id, container_info in self.containers.items():
+            port_str = str(container_info["host_port"])
+            updated_port_map[port_str] = {
+                "browser_type": "docker",
+                "container_id": container_id,
+                "cdp_url": f"http://localhost:{port_str}",
+                "config_hash": container_info["config_hash"],
+                "created_at": container_info["created_at"]
+            }
+        
+        # Replace the port_map with our updated version
+        current_data["port_map"] = updated_port_map
+        
+        # Update last_port
+        current_data["last_port"] = self.last_port
+        
+        # Ensure directory exists
+        os.makedirs(os.path.dirname(self.registry_file), exist_ok=True)
+        
+        # Save the updated data
+        with open(self.registry_file, 'w') as f:
+            json.dump(current_data, f, indent=2)
+    
+    def register_container(self, container_id: str, host_port: int, config_hash: str, cdp_json_config: Optional[str] = None):
+        """Register a container with its configuration hash and port mapping.
+        
+        Args:
+            container_id: Docker container ID
+            host_port: Host port mapped to container
+            config_hash: Hash of configuration used to create container
+            cdp_json_config: CDP JSON configuration if available
+        """
+        self.containers[container_id] = {
+            "host_port": host_port,
+            "config_hash": config_hash,
+            "created_at": time.time()
+        }
+        
+        # Update port_map to maintain compatibility with BuiltinBrowserStrategy
+        port_str = str(host_port)
+        self.port_map[port_str] = {
+            "browser_type": "docker",
+            "container_id": container_id,
+            "cdp_url": f"http://localhost:{port_str}",
+            "config_hash": config_hash,
+            "created_at": time.time()
+        }
+        
+        if cdp_json_config:
+            self.port_map[port_str]["cdp_json_config"] = cdp_json_config
+        
+        self.save()
+    
+    def unregister_container(self, container_id: str):
+        """Unregister a container.
+        
+        Args:
+            container_id: Docker container ID to unregister
+        """
+        if container_id in self.containers:
+            host_port = self.containers[container_id]["host_port"]
+            port_str = str(host_port)
+            
+            # Remove from port_map
+            if port_str in self.port_map:
+                del self.port_map[port_str]
+                
+            # Remove from containers
+            del self.containers[container_id]
+            
+            self.save()
+    
+    async def find_container_by_config(self, config_hash: str, docker_utils) -> Optional[str]:
+        """Find a container that matches the given configuration hash.
+        
+        Args:
+            config_hash: Hash of configuration to match
+            docker_utils: DockerUtils instance to check running containers
+            
+        Returns:
+            Container ID if found, None otherwise
+        """
+        # Search through port_map for entries with matching config_hash
+        for port_str, browser_info in self.port_map.items():
+            if (browser_info.get("browser_type") == "docker" and 
+                browser_info.get("config_hash") == config_hash and 
+                "container_id" in browser_info):
+                
+                container_id = browser_info["container_id"]
+                if await docker_utils.is_container_running(container_id):
+                    return container_id
+        
+        return None
+    
+    def get_container_host_port(self, container_id: str) -> Optional[int]:
+        """Get the host port mapped to the container.
+        
+        Args:
+            container_id: Docker container ID
+            
+        Returns:
+            Host port if container is registered, None otherwise
+        """
+        if container_id in self.containers:
+            return self.containers[container_id]["host_port"]
+        return None
+    
+    def get_next_available_port(self, docker_utils) -> int:
+        """Get the next available host port for Docker mapping.
+        
+        Args:
+            docker_utils: DockerUtils instance to check port availability
+            
+        Returns:
+            Available port number
+        """
+        # Start from last port + 1
+        port = self.last_port + 1
+        
+        # Check if port is in use (either in our registry or system-wide)
+        while str(port) in self.port_map or docker_utils.is_port_in_use(port):
+            port += 1
+        
+        # Update last port
+        self.last_port = port
+        self.save()
+        
+        return port
+    
+    def get_container_config_hash(self, container_id: str) -> Optional[str]:
+        """Get the configuration hash for a container.
+        
+        Args:
+            container_id: Docker container ID
+            
+        Returns:
+            Configuration hash if container is registered, None otherwise
+        """
+        if container_id in self.containers:
+            return self.containers[container_id]["config_hash"]
+        return None
+    
+    def cleanup_stale_containers(self, docker_utils):
+        """Clean up containers that are no longer running.
+        
+        Args:
+            docker_utils: DockerUtils instance to check container status
+        """
+        to_remove = []
+        
+        # Find containers that are no longer running
+        for port_str, browser_info in self.port_map.items():
+            if browser_info.get("browser_type") == "docker" and "container_id" in browser_info:
+                container_id = browser_info["container_id"]
+                if not docker_utils.is_container_running(container_id):
+                    to_remove.append(container_id)
+        
+        # Remove stale containers
+        for container_id in to_remove:
+            self.unregister_container(container_id)

crawl4ai/browser/docker_utils.py

@@ -0,0 +1,661 @@
+import os
+import json
+import asyncio
+import hashlib
+import tempfile
+import shutil
+import socket
+import subprocess
+from typing import Dict, List, Optional, Tuple, Union
+
+
+class DockerUtils:
+    """Utility class for Docker operations in browser automation.
+
+    This class provides methods for managing Docker images, containers,
+    and related operations needed for browser automation. It handles
+    image building, container lifecycle, port management, and registry operations.
+
+    Attributes:
+        DOCKER_FOLDER (str): Path to folder containing Docker files
+        DOCKER_CONNECT_FILE (str): Path to Dockerfile for connect mode
+        DOCKER_LAUNCH_FILE (str): Path to Dockerfile for launch mode
+        DOCKER_START_SCRIPT (str): Path to startup script for connect mode
+        DEFAULT_CONNECT_IMAGE (str): Default image name for connect mode
+        DEFAULT_LAUNCH_IMAGE (str): Default image name for launch mode
+        logger: Optional logger instance
+    """
+
+    # File paths for Docker resources
+    DOCKER_FOLDER = os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), "docker")
+    DOCKER_CONNECT_FILE = os.path.join(DOCKER_FOLDER, "connect.Dockerfile")
+    DOCKER_LAUNCH_FILE = os.path.join(DOCKER_FOLDER, "launch.Dockerfile")
+    DOCKER_START_SCRIPT = os.path.join(DOCKER_FOLDER, "start.sh")
+
+    # Default image names
+    DEFAULT_CONNECT_IMAGE = "crawl4ai/browser-connect:latest"
+    DEFAULT_LAUNCH_IMAGE = "crawl4ai/browser-launch:latest"
+
+    def __init__(self, logger=None):
+        """Initialize Docker utilities.
+
+        Args:
+            logger: Optional logger for recording operations
+        """
+        self.logger = logger
+
+    # Image Management Methods
+
+    async def check_image_exists(self, image_name: str) -> bool:
+        """Check if a Docker image exists.
+
+        Args:
+            image_name: Name of the Docker image to check
+
+        Returns:
+            bool: True if the image exists, False otherwise
+        """
+        cmd = ["docker", "image", "inspect", image_name]
+
+        try:
+            process = await asyncio.create_subprocess_exec(
+                *cmd, stdout=asyncio.subprocess.PIPE, stderr=asyncio.subprocess.PIPE
+            )
+            _, _ = await process.communicate()
+            return process.returncode == 0
+        except Exception as e:
+            if self.logger:
+                self.logger.debug(
+                    f"Error checking if image exists: {str(e)}", tag="DOCKER"
+                )
+            return False
+
+    async def build_docker_image(
+        self,
+        image_name: str,
+        dockerfile_path: str,
+        files_to_copy: Dict[str, str] = None,
+    ) -> bool:
+        """Build a Docker image from a Dockerfile.
+
+        Args:
+            image_name: Name to give the built image
+            dockerfile_path: Path to the Dockerfile
+            files_to_copy: Dict of {dest_name: source_path} for files to copy to build context
+
+        Returns:
+            bool: True if image was built successfully, False otherwise
+        """
+        # Create a temporary build context
+        with tempfile.TemporaryDirectory() as temp_dir:
+            # Copy the Dockerfile
+            shutil.copy(dockerfile_path, os.path.join(temp_dir, "Dockerfile"))
+
+            # Copy any additional files needed
+            if files_to_copy:
+                for dest_name, source_path in files_to_copy.items():
+                    shutil.copy(source_path, os.path.join(temp_dir, dest_name))
+
+            # Build the image
+            cmd = ["docker", "build", "-t", image_name, temp_dir]
+
+            if self.logger:
+                self.logger.debug(
+                    f"Building Docker image with command: {' '.join(cmd)}", tag="DOCKER"
+                )
+
+            process = await asyncio.create_subprocess_exec(
+                *cmd, stdout=asyncio.subprocess.PIPE, stderr=asyncio.subprocess.PIPE
+            )
+            stdout, stderr = await process.communicate()
+
+            if process.returncode != 0:
+                if self.logger:
+                    self.logger.error(
+                        message="Failed to build Docker image: {error}",
+                        tag="DOCKER",
+                        params={"error": stderr.decode()},
+                    )
+                return False
+
+            if self.logger:
+                self.logger.success(
+                    f"Successfully built Docker image: {image_name}", tag="DOCKER"
+                )
+            return True
+
+    async def ensure_docker_image_exists(
+        self, image_name: str, mode: str = "connect"
+    ) -> str:
+        """Ensure the required Docker image exists, creating it if necessary.
+
+        Args:
+            image_name: Name of the Docker image
+            mode: Either "connect" or "launch" to determine which image to build
+
+        Returns:
+            str: Name of the available Docker image
+
+        Raises:
+            Exception: If image doesn't exist and can't be built
+        """
+        # If image name is not specified, use default based on mode
+        if not image_name:
+            image_name = (
+                self.DEFAULT_CONNECT_IMAGE
+                if mode == "connect"
+                else self.DEFAULT_LAUNCH_IMAGE
+            )
+
+        # Check if the image already exists
+        if await self.check_image_exists(image_name):
+            if self.logger:
+                self.logger.debug(
+                    f"Docker image {image_name} already exists", tag="DOCKER"
+                )
+            return image_name
+
+        # If we're using a custom image that doesn't exist, warn and fail
+        if (
+            image_name != self.DEFAULT_CONNECT_IMAGE
+            and image_name != self.DEFAULT_LAUNCH_IMAGE
+        ):
+            if self.logger:
+                self.logger.warning(
+                    f"Custom Docker image {image_name} not found and cannot be automatically created",
+                    tag="DOCKER",
+                )
+            raise Exception(f"Docker image {image_name} not found")
+
+        # Build the appropriate default image
+        if self.logger:
+            self.logger.info(
+                f"Docker image {image_name} not found, creating it now...", tag="DOCKER"
+            )
+
+        if mode == "connect":
+            success = await self.build_docker_image(
+                image_name,
+                self.DOCKER_CONNECT_FILE,
+                {"start.sh": self.DOCKER_START_SCRIPT},
+            )
+        else:
+            success = await self.build_docker_image(image_name, self.DOCKER_LAUNCH_FILE)
+
+        if not success:
+            raise Exception(f"Failed to create Docker image {image_name}")
+
+        return image_name
+
+    # Container Management Methods
+
+    async def create_container(
+        self,
+        image_name: str,
+        host_port: int,
+        container_name: Optional[str] = None,
+        volumes: List[str] = None,
+        network: Optional[str] = None,
+        env_vars: Dict[str, str] = None,
+        cpu_limit: float = 1.0,
+        memory_limit: str = "1.5g",
+        extra_args: List[str] = None,
+    ) -> Optional[str]:
+        """Create a new Docker container.
+
+        Args:
+            image_name: Docker image to use
+            host_port: Port on host to map to container port 9223
+            container_name: Optional name for the container
+            volumes: List of volume mappings (e.g., ["host_path:container_path"])
+            network: Optional Docker network to use
+            env_vars: Dictionary of environment variables
+            cpu_limit: CPU limit for the container
+            memory_limit: Memory limit for the container
+            extra_args: Additional docker run arguments
+
+        Returns:
+            str: Container ID if successful, None otherwise
+        """
+        # Prepare container command
+        cmd = [
+            "docker",
+            "run",
+            "--detach",
+        ]
+
+        # Add container name if specified
+        if container_name:
+            cmd.extend(["--name", container_name])
+
+        # Add port mapping
+        cmd.extend(["-p", f"{host_port}:9223"])
+
+        # Add volumes
+        if volumes:
+            for volume in volumes:
+                cmd.extend(["-v", volume])
+
+        # Add network if specified
+        if network:
+            cmd.extend(["--network", network])
+
+        # Add environment variables
+        if env_vars:
+            for key, value in env_vars.items():
+                cmd.extend(["-e", f"{key}={value}"])
+
+        # Add CPU and memory limits
+        if cpu_limit:
+            cmd.extend(["--cpus", str(cpu_limit)])
+        if memory_limit:
+            cmd.extend(["--memory", memory_limit])
+            cmd.extend(["--memory-swap", memory_limit])
+        if self.logger:
+            self.logger.debug(
+                f"Setting CPU limit: {cpu_limit}, Memory limit: {memory_limit}",
+                tag="DOCKER",
+            )
+
+        # Add extra args
+        if extra_args:
+            cmd.extend(extra_args)
+
+        # Add image
+        cmd.append(image_name)
+
+        if self.logger:
+            self.logger.debug(
+                f"Creating Docker container with command: {' '.join(cmd)}", tag="DOCKER"
+            )
+
+        # Run docker command
+        try:
+            process = await asyncio.create_subprocess_exec(
+                *cmd, stdout=asyncio.subprocess.PIPE, stderr=asyncio.subprocess.PIPE
+            )
+            stdout, stderr = await process.communicate()
+
+            if process.returncode != 0:
+                if self.logger:
+                    self.logger.error(
+                        message="Failed to create Docker container: {error}",
+                        tag="DOCKER",
+                        params={"error": stderr.decode()},
+                    )
+                return None
+
+            # Get container ID
+            container_id = stdout.decode().strip()
+
+            if self.logger:
+                self.logger.success(
+                    f"Created Docker container: {container_id[:12]}", tag="DOCKER"
+                )
+
+            return container_id
+
+        except Exception as e:
+            if self.logger:
+                self.logger.error(
+                    message="Error creating Docker container: {error}",
+                    tag="DOCKER",
+                    params={"error": str(e)},
+                )
+            return None
+
+    async def is_container_running(self, container_id: str) -> bool:
+        """Check if a container is running.
+
+        Args:
+            container_id: ID of the container to check
+
+        Returns:
+            bool: True if the container is running, False otherwise
+        """
+        cmd = ["docker", "inspect", "--format", "{{.State.Running}}", container_id]
+
+        try:
+            process = await asyncio.create_subprocess_exec(
+                *cmd, stdout=asyncio.subprocess.PIPE, stderr=asyncio.subprocess.PIPE
+            )
+            stdout, _ = await process.communicate()
+
+            return process.returncode == 0 and stdout.decode().strip() == "true"
+        except Exception as e:
+            if self.logger:
+                self.logger.debug(
+                    f"Error checking if container is running: {str(e)}", tag="DOCKER"
+                )
+            return False
+
+    async def wait_for_container_ready(
+        self, container_id: str, timeout: int = 30
+    ) -> bool:
+        """Wait for the container to be in running state.
+
+        Args:
+            container_id: ID of the container to wait for
+            timeout: Maximum time to wait in seconds
+
+        Returns:
+            bool: True if container is ready, False if timeout occurred
+        """
+        for _ in range(timeout):
+            if await self.is_container_running(container_id):
+                return True
+            await asyncio.sleep(1)
+
+        if self.logger:
+            self.logger.warning(
+                f"Container {container_id[:12]} not ready after {timeout}s timeout",
+                tag="DOCKER",
+            )
+        return False
+
+    async def stop_container(self, container_id: str) -> bool:
+        """Stop a Docker container.
+
+        Args:
+            container_id: ID of the container to stop
+
+        Returns:
+            bool: True if stopped successfully, False otherwise
+        """
+        cmd = ["docker", "stop", container_id]
+
+        try:
+            process = await asyncio.create_subprocess_exec(*cmd)
+            await process.communicate()
+
+            if self.logger:
+                self.logger.debug(
+                    f"Stopped container: {container_id[:12]}", tag="DOCKER"
+                )
+
+            return process.returncode == 0
+        except Exception as e:
+            if self.logger:
+                self.logger.warning(
+                    message="Failed to stop container: {error}",
+                    tag="DOCKER",
+                    params={"error": str(e)},
+                )
+            return False
+
+    async def remove_container(self, container_id: str, force: bool = True) -> bool:
+        """Remove a Docker container.
+
+        Args:
+            container_id: ID of the container to remove
+            force: Whether to force removal
+
+        Returns:
+            bool: True if removed successfully, False otherwise
+        """
+        cmd = ["docker", "rm"]
+        if force:
+            cmd.append("-f")
+        cmd.append(container_id)
+
+        try:
+            process = await asyncio.create_subprocess_exec(*cmd)
+            await process.communicate()
+
+            if self.logger:
+                self.logger.debug(
+                    f"Removed container: {container_id[:12]}", tag="DOCKER"
+                )
+
+            return process.returncode == 0
+        except Exception as e:
+            if self.logger:
+                self.logger.warning(
+                    message="Failed to remove container: {error}",
+                    tag="DOCKER",
+                    params={"error": str(e)},
+                )
+            return False
+
+    # Container Command Execution Methods
+
+    async def exec_in_container(
+        self, container_id: str, command: List[str], detach: bool = False
+    ) -> Tuple[int, str, str]:
+        """Execute a command in a running container.
+
+        Args:
+            container_id: ID of the container
+            command: Command to execute as a list of strings
+            detach: Whether to run the command in detached mode
+
+        Returns:
+            Tuple of (return_code, stdout, stderr)
+        """
+        cmd = ["docker", "exec"]
+        if detach:
+            cmd.append("-d")
+        cmd.append(container_id)
+        cmd.extend(command)
+
+        try:
+            process = await asyncio.create_subprocess_exec(
+                *cmd, stdout=asyncio.subprocess.PIPE, stderr=asyncio.subprocess.PIPE
+            )
+            stdout, stderr = await process.communicate()
+
+            return process.returncode, stdout.decode(), stderr.decode()
+        except Exception as e:
+            if self.logger:
+                self.logger.error(
+                    message="Error executing command in container: {error}",
+                    tag="DOCKER",
+                    params={"error": str(e)},
+                )
+            return -1, "", str(e)
+
+    async def start_socat_in_container(self, container_id: str) -> bool:
+        """Start socat in the container to map port 9222 to 9223.
+
+        Args:
+            container_id: ID of the container
+
+        Returns:
+            bool: True if socat started successfully, False otherwise
+        """
+        # Command to run socat as a background process
+        cmd = ["socat", "TCP-LISTEN:9223,fork", "TCP:localhost:9222"]
+
+        returncode, _, stderr = await self.exec_in_container(
+            container_id, cmd, detach=True
+        )
+
+        if returncode != 0:
+            if self.logger:
+                self.logger.error(
+                    message="Failed to start socat in container: {error}",
+                    tag="DOCKER",
+                    params={"error": stderr},
+                )
+            return False
+
+        if self.logger:
+            self.logger.debug(
+                f"Started socat in container: {container_id[:12]}", tag="DOCKER"
+            )
+
+        # Wait a moment for socat to start
+        await asyncio.sleep(1)
+        return True
+
+    async def launch_chrome_in_container(
+        self, container_id: str, browser_args: List[str]
+    ) -> bool:
+        """Launch Chrome inside the container with specified arguments.
+
+        Args:
+            container_id: ID of the container
+            browser_args: Chrome command line arguments
+
+        Returns:
+            bool: True if Chrome started successfully, False otherwise
+        """
+        # Build Chrome command
+        chrome_cmd = ["chromium"]
+        chrome_cmd.extend(browser_args)
+
+        returncode, _, stderr = await self.exec_in_container(
+            container_id, chrome_cmd, detach=True
+        )
+
+        if returncode != 0:
+            if self.logger:
+                self.logger.error(
+                    message="Failed to launch Chrome in container: {error}",
+                    tag="DOCKER",
+                    params={"error": stderr},
+                )
+            return False
+
+        if self.logger:
+            self.logger.debug(
+                f"Launched Chrome in container: {container_id[:12]}", tag="DOCKER"
+            )
+
+        return True
+
+    async def get_process_id_in_container(
+        self, container_id: str, process_name: str
+    ) -> Optional[int]:
+        """Get the process ID for a process in the container.
+
+        Args:
+            container_id: ID of the container
+            process_name: Name pattern to search for
+
+        Returns:
+            int: Process ID if found, None otherwise
+        """
+        cmd = ["pgrep", "-f", process_name]
+
+        returncode, stdout, _ = await self.exec_in_container(container_id, cmd)
+
+        if returncode == 0 and stdout.strip():
+            pid = int(stdout.strip().split("\n")[0])
+            return pid
+
+        return None
+
+    async def stop_process_in_container(self, container_id: str, pid: int) -> bool:
+        """Stop a process in the container by PID.
+
+        Args:
+            container_id: ID of the container
+            pid: Process ID to stop
+
+        Returns:
+            bool: True if process was stopped, False otherwise
+        """
+        cmd = ["kill", "-TERM", str(pid)]
+
+        returncode, _, stderr = await self.exec_in_container(container_id, cmd)
+
+        if returncode != 0:
+            if self.logger:
+                self.logger.warning(
+                    message="Failed to stop process in container: {error}",
+                    tag="DOCKER",
+                    params={"error": stderr},
+                )
+            return False
+
+        if self.logger:
+            self.logger.debug(
+                f"Stopped process {pid} in container: {container_id[:12]}", tag="DOCKER"
+            )
+
+        return True
+
+    # Network and Port Methods
+
+    async def wait_for_cdp_ready(self, host_port: int, timeout: int = 10) -> dict:
+        """Wait for the CDP endpoint to be ready.
+
+        Args:
+            host_port: Port to check for CDP endpoint
+            timeout: Maximum time to wait in seconds
+
+        Returns:
+            dict: CDP JSON config if ready, None if timeout occurred
+        """
+        import aiohttp
+
+        url = f"http://localhost:{host_port}/json/version"
+
+        for _ in range(timeout):
+            try:
+                async with aiohttp.ClientSession() as session:
+                    async with session.get(url, timeout=1) as response:
+                        if response.status == 200:
+                            if self.logger:
+                                self.logger.debug(
+                                    f"CDP endpoint ready on port {host_port}",
+                                    tag="DOCKER",
+                                )
+                            cdp_json_config = await response.json()
+                            if self.logger:
+                                self.logger.debug(
+                                    f"CDP JSON config: {cdp_json_config}", tag="DOCKER"
+                                )
+                            return cdp_json_config
+            except Exception:
+                pass
+            await asyncio.sleep(1)
+
+        if self.logger:
+            self.logger.warning(
+                f"CDP endpoint not ready on port {host_port} after {timeout}s timeout",
+                tag="DOCKER",
+            )
+        return None
+
+    def is_port_in_use(self, port: int) -> bool:
+        """Check if a port is already in use on the host.
+
+        Args:
+            port: Port number to check
+
+        Returns:
+            bool: True if port is in use, False otherwise
+        """
+        with socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM) as s:
+            return s.connect_ex(("localhost", port)) == 0
+
+    def get_next_available_port(self, start_port: int = 9223) -> int:
+        """Get the next available port starting from a given port.
+
+        Args:
+            start_port: Port number to start checking from
+
+        Returns:
+            int: First available port number
+        """
+        port = start_port
+        while self.is_port_in_use(port):
+            port += 1
+        return port
+
+    # Configuration Hash Methods
+
+    def generate_config_hash(self, config_dict: Dict) -> str:
+        """Generate a hash of the configuration for container matching.
+
+        Args:
+            config_dict: Dictionary of configuration parameters
+
+        Returns:
+            str: Hash string uniquely identifying this configuration
+        """
+        # Convert to canonical JSON string and hash
+        config_json = json.dumps(config_dict, sort_keys=True)
+        return hashlib.sha256(config_json.encode()).hexdigest()

crawl4ai/browser/manager copy.py

@@ -0,0 +1,177 @@
+"""Browser manager module for Crawl4AI.
+
+This module provides a central browser management class that uses the
+strategy pattern internally while maintaining the existing API.
+It also implements a page pooling mechanism for improved performance.
+"""
+
+from typing import Optional, Tuple, List
+
+from playwright.async_api import Page, BrowserContext
+
+from ..async_logger import AsyncLogger
+from ..async_configs import BrowserConfig, CrawlerRunConfig
+
+from .strategies import (
+    BaseBrowserStrategy,
+    PlaywrightBrowserStrategy,
+    CDPBrowserStrategy,
+    BuiltinBrowserStrategy,
+    DockerBrowserStrategy
+)
+
+class BrowserManager:
+    """Main interface for browser management in Crawl4AI.
+    
+    This class maintains backward compatibility with the existing implementation
+    while using the strategy pattern internally for different browser types.
+    
+    Attributes:
+        config (BrowserConfig): Configuration object containing all browser settings
+        logger: Logger instance for recording events and errors
+        browser: The browser instance
+        default_context: The default browser context
+        managed_browser: The managed browser instance
+        playwright: The Playwright instance
+        sessions: Dictionary to store session information
+        session_ttl: Session timeout in seconds
+    """
+    
+    def __init__(self, browser_config: Optional[BrowserConfig] = None, logger: Optional[AsyncLogger] = None):
+        """Initialize the BrowserManager with a browser configuration.
+        
+        Args:
+            browser_config: Configuration object containing all browser settings
+            logger: Logger instance for recording events and errors
+        """
+        self.config = browser_config or BrowserConfig()
+        self.logger = logger
+        
+        # Create strategy based on configuration
+        self.strategy = self._create_strategy()
+        
+        # Initialize state variables for compatibility with existing code
+        self.browser = None
+        self.default_context = None
+        self.managed_browser = None
+        self.playwright = None
+        
+        # For session management (from existing implementation)
+        self.sessions = {}
+        self.session_ttl = 1800  # 30 minutes
+    
+    def _create_strategy(self) -> BaseBrowserStrategy:
+        """Create appropriate browser strategy based on configuration.
+        
+        Returns:
+            BaseBrowserStrategy: The selected browser strategy
+        """
+        if self.config.browser_mode == "builtin":
+            return BuiltinBrowserStrategy(self.config, self.logger)
+        elif self.config.browser_mode == "docker":
+            if DockerBrowserStrategy is None:
+                if self.logger:
+                    self.logger.error(
+                        "Docker browser strategy requested but not available. "
+                        "Falling back to PlaywrightBrowserStrategy.",
+                        tag="BROWSER"
+                    )
+                return PlaywrightBrowserStrategy(self.config, self.logger)
+            return DockerBrowserStrategy(self.config, self.logger)
+        elif self.config.browser_mode == "cdp" or self.config.cdp_url or self.config.use_managed_browser:
+            return CDPBrowserStrategy(self.config, self.logger)
+        else:
+            return PlaywrightBrowserStrategy(self.config, self.logger)
+    
+    async def start(self):
+        """Start the browser instance and set up the default context.
+        
+        Returns:
+            self: For method chaining
+        """
+        # Start the strategy
+        await self.strategy.start()
+        
+        # Update legacy references
+        self.browser = self.strategy.browser
+        self.default_context = self.strategy.default_context
+        
+        # Set browser process reference (for CDP strategy)
+        if hasattr(self.strategy, 'browser_process'):
+            self.managed_browser = self.strategy
+        
+        # Set Playwright reference
+        self.playwright = self.strategy.playwright
+        
+        # Sync sessions if needed
+        if hasattr(self.strategy, 'sessions'):
+            self.sessions = self.strategy.sessions
+            self.session_ttl = self.strategy.session_ttl
+        
+        return self
+    
+    async def get_page(self, crawlerRunConfig: CrawlerRunConfig) -> Tuple[Page, BrowserContext]:
+        """Get a page for the given configuration.
+        
+        Args:
+            crawlerRunConfig: Configuration object for the crawler run
+            
+        Returns:
+            Tuple of (Page, BrowserContext)
+        """
+        # Delegate to strategy
+        page, context = await self.strategy.get_page(crawlerRunConfig)
+        
+        # Sync sessions if needed
+        if hasattr(self.strategy, 'sessions'):
+            self.sessions = self.strategy.sessions
+        
+        return page, context
+        
+    async def get_pages(self, crawlerRunConfig: CrawlerRunConfig, count: int = 1) -> List[Tuple[Page, BrowserContext]]:
+        """Get multiple pages with the same configuration.
+        
+        This method efficiently creates multiple browser pages using the same configuration,
+        which is useful for parallel crawling of multiple URLs.
+        
+        Args:
+            crawlerRunConfig: Configuration for the pages
+            count: Number of pages to create
+            
+        Returns:
+            List of (Page, Context) tuples
+        """
+        # Delegate to strategy
+        pages = await self.strategy.get_pages(crawlerRunConfig, count)
+        
+        # Sync sessions if needed
+        if hasattr(self.strategy, 'sessions'):
+            self.sessions = self.strategy.sessions
+            
+        return pages
+    
+    # Just for legacy compatibility
+    async def kill_session(self, session_id: str):
+        """Kill a browser session and clean up resources.
+        
+        Args:
+            session_id: The session ID to kill
+        """
+        # Handle kill_session via our strategy if it supports it
+        await self.strategy.kill_session(session_id)
+
+        # sync sessions if needed
+        if hasattr(self.strategy, 'sessions'):
+            self.sessions = self.strategy.sessions
+    
+    async def close(self):
+        """Close the browser and clean up resources."""
+        # Delegate to strategy
+        await self.strategy.close()
+        
+        # Reset legacy references
+        self.browser = None
+        self.default_context = None
+        self.managed_browser = None
+        self.playwright = None
+        self.sessions = {}

crawl4ai/browser/manager.py

@@ -0,0 +1,853 @@
+"""Browser manager module for Crawl4AI.
+
+This module provides a central browser management class that uses the
+strategy pattern internally while maintaining the existing API.
+It also implements browser pooling for improved performance.
+"""
+
+import asyncio
+import hashlib
+import json
+import math
+from enum import Enum
+from typing import Dict, List, Optional, Tuple, Any
+
+from playwright.async_api import Page, BrowserContext
+
+from ..async_logger import AsyncLogger
+from ..async_configs import BrowserConfig, CrawlerRunConfig
+
+from .strategies import (
+    BaseBrowserStrategy,
+    PlaywrightBrowserStrategy,
+    CDPBrowserStrategy,
+    BuiltinBrowserStrategy,
+    DockerBrowserStrategy
+)
+
+class UnavailableBehavior(Enum):
+    """Behavior when no browser is available."""
+    ON_DEMAND = "on_demand"  # Create new browser on demand
+    PENDING = "pending"      # Wait until a browser is available
+    EXCEPTION = "exception"  # Raise an exception
+
+
+class BrowserManager:
+    """Main interface for browser management and pooling in Crawl4AI.
+    
+    This class maintains backward compatibility with the existing implementation
+    while using the strategy pattern internally for different browser types.
+    It also implements browser pooling for improved performance.
+    
+    Attributes:
+        config (BrowserConfig): Default configuration object for browsers
+        logger (AsyncLogger): Logger instance for recording events and errors
+        browser_pool (Dict): Dictionary to store browser instances by configuration
+        browser_in_use (Dict): Dictionary to track which browsers are in use
+        request_queues (Dict): Queues for pending requests by configuration
+        unavailable_behavior (UnavailableBehavior): Behavior when no browser is available
+    """
+    
+    def __init__(
+        self, 
+        browser_config: Optional[BrowserConfig] = None, 
+        logger: Optional[AsyncLogger] = None,
+        unavailable_behavior: UnavailableBehavior = UnavailableBehavior.EXCEPTION,
+        max_browsers_per_config: int = 10,
+        max_pages_per_browser: int = 5
+        ):
+        """Initialize the BrowserManager with a browser configuration.
+        
+        Args:
+            browser_config: Configuration object containing all browser settings
+            logger: Logger instance for recording events and errors
+            unavailable_behavior: Behavior when no browser is available
+            max_browsers_per_config: Maximum number of browsers per configuration
+            max_pages_per_browser: Maximum number of pages per browser
+        """
+        self.config = browser_config or BrowserConfig()
+        self.logger = logger
+        self.unavailable_behavior = unavailable_behavior
+        self.max_browsers_per_config = max_browsers_per_config
+        self.max_pages_per_browser = max_pages_per_browser
+        
+        # Browser pool management
+        self.browser_pool = {}            # config_hash -> list of browser strategies
+        self.browser_in_use = {}          # strategy instance -> Boolean
+        self.request_queues = {}          # config_hash -> asyncio.Queue()
+        self._browser_locks = {}          # config_hash -> asyncio.Lock()
+        self._browser_pool_lock = asyncio.Lock()  # Global lock for pool modifications
+        
+        # Page pool management
+        self.page_pool = {}  # (browser_config_hash, crawler_config_hash) -> list of (page, context, strategy)
+        self._page_pool_lock = asyncio.Lock()
+            
+        self.browser_page_counts = {}  # strategy instance -> current page count
+        self._page_count_lock = asyncio.Lock()  # Lock for thread-safe access to page counts
+
+        # For session management (from existing implementation)
+        self.sessions = {}
+        self.session_ttl = 1800  # 30 minutes
+
+        # For legacy compatibility
+        self.browser = None
+        self.default_context = None
+        self.managed_browser = None
+        self.playwright = None
+        self.strategy = None
+    
+    def _create_browser_config_hash(self, browser_config: BrowserConfig) -> str:
+        """Create a hash of the browser configuration for browser pooling.
+        
+        Args:
+            browser_config: Browser configuration
+            
+        Returns:
+            str: Hash of the browser configuration
+        """
+        # Convert config to dictionary, excluding any callable objects
+        config_dict = browser_config.__dict__.copy()
+        for key in list(config_dict.keys()):
+            if callable(config_dict[key]):
+                del config_dict[key]
+        
+        # Convert to canonical JSON string
+        config_json = json.dumps(config_dict, sort_keys=True, default=str)
+        
+        # Hash the JSON
+        config_hash = hashlib.sha256(config_json.encode()).hexdigest()
+        return config_hash
+    
+    def _create_strategy(self, browser_config: BrowserConfig) -> BaseBrowserStrategy:
+        """Create appropriate browser strategy based on configuration.
+        
+        Args:
+            browser_config: Browser configuration
+            
+        Returns:
+            BaseBrowserStrategy: The selected browser strategy
+        """
+        if browser_config.browser_mode == "builtin":
+            return BuiltinBrowserStrategy(browser_config, self.logger)
+        elif browser_config.browser_mode == "docker":
+            if DockerBrowserStrategy is None:
+                if self.logger:
+                    self.logger.error(
+                        "Docker browser strategy requested but not available. "
+                        "Falling back to PlaywrightBrowserStrategy.",
+                        tag="BROWSER"
+                    )
+                return PlaywrightBrowserStrategy(browser_config, self.logger)
+            return DockerBrowserStrategy(browser_config, self.logger)
+        elif browser_config.browser_mode == "cdp" or browser_config.cdp_url or browser_config.use_managed_browser:
+            return CDPBrowserStrategy(browser_config, self.logger)
+        else:
+            return PlaywrightBrowserStrategy(browser_config, self.logger)
+    
+    async def initialize_pool(
+        self, 
+        browser_configs: List[BrowserConfig] = None,
+        browsers_per_config: int = 1,
+        page_configs: Optional[List[Tuple[BrowserConfig, CrawlerRunConfig, int]]] = None
+    ):
+        """Initialize the browser pool with multiple browser configurations.
+        
+        Args:
+            browser_configs: List of browser configurations to initialize
+            browsers_per_config: Number of browser instances per configuration
+            page_configs: Optional list of (browser_config, crawler_run_config, count) tuples
+                for pre-warming pages
+                
+        Returns:
+            self: For method chaining
+        """
+        if not browser_configs:
+            browser_configs = [self.config]
+        
+        # Calculate how many browsers we'll need based on page_configs
+        browsers_needed = {}
+        if page_configs:
+            for browser_config, _, page_count in page_configs:
+                config_hash = self._create_browser_config_hash(browser_config)
+                # Calculate browsers based on max_pages_per_browser
+                browsers_needed_for_config = math.ceil(page_count / self.max_pages_per_browser)
+                browsers_needed[config_hash] = max(
+                    browsers_needed.get(config_hash, 0),
+                    browsers_needed_for_config
+                )
+        
+        # Adjust browsers_per_config if needed to ensure enough capacity
+        config_browsers_needed = {}
+        for browser_config in browser_configs:
+            config_hash = self._create_browser_config_hash(browser_config)
+            
+            # Estimate browsers needed based on page requirements
+            browsers_for_config = browsers_per_config
+            if config_hash in browsers_needed:
+                browsers_for_config = max(browsers_for_config, browsers_needed[config_hash])
+            
+            config_browsers_needed[config_hash] = browsers_for_config
+            
+            # Update max_browsers_per_config if needed
+            if browsers_for_config > self.max_browsers_per_config:
+                self.max_browsers_per_config = browsers_for_config
+                if self.logger:
+                    self.logger.info(
+                        f"Increased max_browsers_per_config to {browsers_for_config} to accommodate page requirements",
+                        tag="POOL"
+                    )
+        
+        # Initialize locks and queues for each config
+        async with self._browser_pool_lock:
+            for browser_config in browser_configs:
+                config_hash = self._create_browser_config_hash(browser_config)
+                
+                # Initialize lock for this config if needed
+                if config_hash not in self._browser_locks:
+                    self._browser_locks[config_hash] = asyncio.Lock()
+                
+                # Initialize queue for this config if needed
+                if config_hash not in self.request_queues:
+                    self.request_queues[config_hash] = asyncio.Queue()
+                
+                # Initialize pool for this config if needed
+                if config_hash not in self.browser_pool:
+                    self.browser_pool[config_hash] = []
+        
+        # Create browser instances for each configuration in parallel
+        browser_tasks = []
+        
+        for browser_config in browser_configs:
+            config_hash = self._create_browser_config_hash(browser_config)
+            browsers_to_create = config_browsers_needed.get(
+                config_hash, 
+                browsers_per_config
+            ) - len(self.browser_pool.get(config_hash, []))
+            
+            if browsers_to_create <= 0:
+                continue
+                
+            for _ in range(browsers_to_create):
+                # Create a task for each browser initialization
+                task = self._create_and_add_browser(browser_config, config_hash)
+                browser_tasks.append(task)
+        
+        # Wait for all browser initializations to complete
+        if browser_tasks:
+            if self.logger:
+                self.logger.info(f"Initializing {len(browser_tasks)} browsers in parallel...", tag="POOL")
+            await asyncio.gather(*browser_tasks)
+        
+        # Pre-warm pages if requested
+        if page_configs:
+            page_tasks = []
+            for browser_config, crawler_run_config, count in page_configs:
+                task = self._prewarm_pages(browser_config, crawler_run_config, count)
+                page_tasks.append(task)
+            
+            if page_tasks:
+                if self.logger:
+                    self.logger.info(f"Pre-warming pages with {len(page_tasks)} configurations...", tag="POOL")
+                await asyncio.gather(*page_tasks)
+        
+        # Update legacy references
+        if self.browser_pool and next(iter(self.browser_pool.values()), []):
+            strategy = next(iter(self.browser_pool.values()))[0]
+            self.strategy = strategy
+            self.browser = strategy.browser
+            self.default_context = strategy.default_context
+            self.playwright = strategy.playwright
+        
+        return self
+
+    async def _create_and_add_browser(self, browser_config: BrowserConfig, config_hash: str):
+        """Create and add a browser to the pool.
+        
+        Args:
+            browser_config: Browser configuration
+            config_hash: Hash of the configuration
+        """
+        try:
+            strategy = self._create_strategy(browser_config)
+            await strategy.start()
+            
+            async with self._browser_pool_lock:
+                if config_hash not in self.browser_pool:
+                    self.browser_pool[config_hash] = []
+                self.browser_pool[config_hash].append(strategy)
+                self.browser_in_use[strategy] = False
+            
+            if self.logger:
+                self.logger.debug(
+                    f"Added browser to pool: {browser_config.browser_type} "
+                    f"({browser_config.browser_mode})", 
+                    tag="POOL"
+                )
+        except Exception as e:
+            if self.logger:
+                self.logger.error(
+                    f"Failed to create browser: {str(e)}", 
+                    tag="POOL"
+                )
+            raise
+
+    def _make_config_signature(self, crawlerRunConfig: CrawlerRunConfig) -> str:
+        """Create a signature hash from crawler configuration.
+        
+        Args:
+            crawlerRunConfig: Crawler run configuration
+            
+        Returns:
+            str: Hash of the crawler configuration
+        """
+        config_dict = crawlerRunConfig.__dict__.copy()
+        # Exclude items that do not affect page creation
+        ephemeral_keys = [
+            "session_id",
+            "js_code",
+            "scraping_strategy",
+            "extraction_strategy",
+            "chunking_strategy",
+            "cache_mode",
+            "content_filter",
+            "semaphore_count",
+            "url"
+        ]
+        for key in ephemeral_keys:
+            if key in config_dict:
+                del config_dict[key]
+                
+        # Convert to canonical JSON string
+        config_json = json.dumps(config_dict, sort_keys=True, default=str)
+
+        # Hash the JSON
+        config_hash = hashlib.sha256(config_json.encode("utf-8")).hexdigest()
+        return config_hash            
+
+    async def _prewarm_pages(
+        self, 
+        browser_config: BrowserConfig, 
+        crawler_run_config: CrawlerRunConfig, 
+        count: int
+    ):
+        """Pre-warm pages for a specific configuration.
+        
+        Args:
+            browser_config: Browser configuration
+            crawler_run_config: Crawler run configuration
+            count: Number of pages to pre-warm
+        """
+        try:
+            # Create individual page tasks and run them in parallel
+            browser_config_hash = self._create_browser_config_hash(browser_config)
+            crawler_config_hash = self._make_config_signature(crawler_run_config)            
+            async def get_single_page():
+                strategy = await self.get_available_browser(browser_config)
+                try:
+                    page, context = await strategy.get_page(crawler_run_config)
+                    # Store config hashes on the page object for later retrieval
+                    setattr(page, "_browser_config_hash", browser_config_hash)
+                    setattr(page, "_crawler_config_hash", crawler_config_hash)                    
+                    return page, context, strategy
+                except Exception as e:
+                    # Release the browser back to the pool
+                    await self.release_browser(strategy, browser_config)
+                    raise e
+                
+            # Create tasks for parallel execution
+            page_tasks = [get_single_page() for _ in range(count)]
+            
+            # Execute all page creation tasks in parallel
+            pages_contexts_strategies = await asyncio.gather(*page_tasks)
+            
+            # Add pages to the page pool
+            browser_config_hash = self._create_browser_config_hash(browser_config)
+            crawler_config_hash = self._make_config_signature(crawler_run_config)
+            pool_key = (browser_config_hash, crawler_config_hash)
+            
+            async with self._page_pool_lock:
+                if pool_key not in self.page_pool:
+                    self.page_pool[pool_key] = []
+                
+                # Add all pages to the pool
+                self.page_pool[pool_key].extend(pages_contexts_strategies)
+                
+            if self.logger:
+                self.logger.debug(
+                    f"Pre-warmed {count} pages in parallel with config {crawler_run_config}", 
+                    tag="POOL"
+                )
+        except Exception as e:
+            if self.logger:
+                self.logger.error(
+                    f"Failed to pre-warm pages: {str(e)}", 
+                    tag="POOL"
+                )
+            raise
+    
+    async def get_available_browser(
+        self, 
+        browser_config: Optional[BrowserConfig] = None
+    ) -> BaseBrowserStrategy:
+        """Get an available browser from the pool for the given configuration.
+        
+        Args:
+            browser_config: Browser configuration to match
+            
+        Returns:
+            BaseBrowserStrategy: An available browser strategy
+            
+        Raises:
+            Exception: If no browser is available and behavior is EXCEPTION
+        """
+        browser_config = browser_config or self.config
+        config_hash = self._create_browser_config_hash(browser_config)
+        
+        async with self._browser_locks.get(config_hash, asyncio.Lock()):
+            # Check if we have browsers for this config
+            if config_hash not in self.browser_pool or not self.browser_pool[config_hash]:
+                if self.unavailable_behavior == UnavailableBehavior.ON_DEMAND:
+                    # Create a new browser on demand
+                    if self.logger:
+                        self.logger.info(
+                            f"1> Creating new browser on demand for config {config_hash[:8]}",
+                            tag="POOL"
+                        )
+                    
+                    # Initialize pool for this config if needed
+                    async with self._browser_pool_lock:
+                        if config_hash not in self.browser_pool:
+                            self.browser_pool[config_hash] = []
+                        
+                        strategy = self._create_strategy(browser_config)
+                        await strategy.start()
+
+                        self.browser_pool[config_hash].append(strategy)
+                        self.browser_in_use[strategy] = False
+
+                elif self.unavailable_behavior == UnavailableBehavior.EXCEPTION:
+                    raise Exception(f"No browsers available for configuration {config_hash[:8]}")
+            
+            # Check for an available browser with capacity in the pool
+            for strategy in self.browser_pool[config_hash]:
+                # Check if this browser has capacity for more pages
+                async with self._page_count_lock:
+                    current_pages = self.browser_page_counts.get(strategy, 0)
+
+                    if current_pages < self.max_pages_per_browser:
+                        # Increment the page count
+                        self.browser_page_counts[strategy] = current_pages + 1
+
+                        self.browser_in_use[strategy] = True
+
+                        # Get browser information for better logging
+                        browser_type = getattr(strategy.config, 'browser_type', 'unknown')
+                        browser_mode = getattr(strategy.config, 'browser_mode', 'unknown')
+                        strategy_id = id(strategy)  # Use object ID as a unique identifier
+
+                        if self.logger:
+                            self.logger.debug(
+                                f"Selected browser #{strategy_id} ({browser_type}/{browser_mode}) - " 
+                                f"pages: {current_pages+1}/{self.max_pages_per_browser}",
+                                tag="POOL"
+                            )                        
+
+                        return strategy
+            
+            # All browsers are at capacity or in use
+            if self.unavailable_behavior == UnavailableBehavior.ON_DEMAND:
+                # Check if we've reached the maximum number of browsers
+                if len(self.browser_pool[config_hash]) >= self.max_browsers_per_config:
+                    if self.logger:
+                        self.logger.warning(
+                            f"Maximum browsers reached for config {config_hash[:8]} and all at page capacity",
+                            tag="POOL"
+                        )
+                    if self.unavailable_behavior == UnavailableBehavior.EXCEPTION:
+                        raise Exception("Maximum browsers reached and all at page capacity")
+                
+                # Create a new browser on demand
+                if self.logger:
+                    self.logger.info(
+                        f"2> Creating new browser on demand for config {config_hash[:8]}",
+                        tag="POOL"
+                    )
+                
+                strategy = self._create_strategy(browser_config)
+                await strategy.start()
+                
+                async with self._browser_pool_lock:
+                    self.browser_pool[config_hash].append(strategy)
+                    self.browser_in_use[strategy] = True
+                
+                return strategy
+            
+            # If we get here, either behavior is EXCEPTION or PENDING
+            if self.unavailable_behavior == UnavailableBehavior.EXCEPTION:
+                raise Exception(f"All browsers in use or at page capacity for configuration {config_hash[:8]}")
+            
+            # For PENDING behavior, set up waiting mechanism
+            if config_hash not in self.request_queues:
+                self.request_queues[config_hash] = asyncio.Queue()
+            
+            # Create a future to wait on
+            future = asyncio.Future()
+            await self.request_queues[config_hash].put(future)
+            
+            if self.logger:
+                self.logger.debug(
+                    f"Waiting for available browser for config {config_hash[:8]}",
+                    tag="POOL"
+                )
+            
+            # Wait for a browser to become available
+            strategy = await future
+            return strategy
+
+    async def get_page(
+        self, 
+        crawlerRunConfig: CrawlerRunConfig,
+        browser_config: Optional[BrowserConfig] = None
+    ) -> Tuple[Page, BrowserContext, BaseBrowserStrategy]:
+        """Get a page from the browser pool."""
+        browser_config = browser_config or self.config
+        
+        # Check if we have a pre-warmed page available
+        browser_config_hash = self._create_browser_config_hash(browser_config)
+        crawler_config_hash = self._make_config_signature(crawlerRunConfig)
+        pool_key = (browser_config_hash, crawler_config_hash)
+        
+        # Try to get a page from the pool
+        async with self._page_pool_lock:
+            if pool_key in self.page_pool and self.page_pool[pool_key]:
+                # Get a page from the pool
+                page, context, strategy = self.page_pool[pool_key].pop()
+                
+                # Mark browser as in use (it already is, but ensure consistency)
+                self.browser_in_use[strategy] = True
+                
+                if self.logger:
+                    self.logger.debug(
+                        f"Using pre-warmed page for config {crawler_config_hash[:8]}", 
+                        tag="POOL"
+                    )
+                    
+                # Note: We don't increment page count since it was already counted when created
+                
+                return page, context, strategy
+        
+        # No pre-warmed page available, create a new one
+        # get_available_browser already increments the page count
+        strategy = await self.get_available_browser(browser_config)
+        
+        try:
+            # Get a page from the browser
+            page, context = await strategy.get_page(crawlerRunConfig)
+            
+            # Store config hashes on the page object for later retrieval
+            setattr(page, "_browser_config_hash", browser_config_hash)
+            setattr(page, "_crawler_config_hash", crawler_config_hash)
+            
+            return page, context, strategy
+        except Exception as e:
+            # Release the browser back to the pool and decrement the page count
+            await self.release_browser(strategy, browser_config, decrement_page_count=True)
+            raise e
+        
+    async def release_page(
+        self, 
+        page: Page, 
+        strategy: BaseBrowserStrategy, 
+        browser_config: Optional[BrowserConfig] = None,
+        keep_alive: bool = True,
+        return_to_pool: bool = True
+    ):
+        """Release a page back to the pool."""
+        browser_config = browser_config or self.config
+
+        page_url = page.url if page else None
+        
+        # If not keeping the page alive, close it and decrement count
+        if not keep_alive:
+            try:
+                await page.close()
+            except Exception as e:
+                if self.logger:
+                    self.logger.error(
+                        f"Error closing page: {str(e)}",
+                        tag="POOL"
+                    )
+            # Release the browser with page count decrement
+            await self.release_browser(strategy, browser_config, decrement_page_count=True)
+            return
+        
+        # If returning to pool
+        if return_to_pool:
+            # Get the configuration hashes from the page object
+            browser_config_hash = getattr(page, "_browser_config_hash", None)
+            crawler_config_hash = getattr(page, "_crawler_config_hash", None)
+            
+            if browser_config_hash and crawler_config_hash:
+                pool_key = (browser_config_hash, crawler_config_hash)
+                
+                async with self._page_pool_lock:
+                    if pool_key not in self.page_pool:
+                        self.page_pool[pool_key] = []
+                    
+                    # Add page back to the pool
+                    self.page_pool[pool_key].append((page, page.context, strategy))
+                    
+                    if self.logger:
+                        self.logger.debug(
+                            f"Returned page to pool for config {crawler_config_hash[:8]}, url: {page_url}", 
+                            tag="POOL"
+                        )
+                    
+                    # Note: We don't decrement the page count here since the page is still "in use" 
+                    # from the browser's perspective, just in our pool
+                    return
+            else:
+                # If we can't identify the configuration, log a warning
+                if self.logger:
+                    self.logger.warning(
+                        "Cannot return page to pool - missing configuration hashes", 
+                        tag="POOL"
+                    )
+        
+        # If we got here, we couldn't return to pool, so just release the browser
+        await self.release_browser(strategy, browser_config, decrement_page_count=True)
+    
+    async def release_browser(
+        self, 
+        strategy: BaseBrowserStrategy, 
+        browser_config: Optional[BrowserConfig] = None,
+        decrement_page_count: bool = True
+    ):
+        """Release a browser back to the pool."""
+        browser_config = browser_config or self.config
+        config_hash = self._create_browser_config_hash(browser_config)
+        
+        # Decrement page count
+        if decrement_page_count:
+            async with self._page_count_lock:
+                current_count = self.browser_page_counts.get(strategy, 1)
+                self.browser_page_counts[strategy] = max(0, current_count - 1)
+                
+                if self.logger:
+                    self.logger.debug(
+                        f"Decremented page count for browser (now: {self.browser_page_counts[strategy]})",
+                        tag="POOL"
+                    )
+        
+        # Mark as not in use
+        self.browser_in_use[strategy] = False
+        
+        # Process any waiting requests
+        if config_hash in self.request_queues and not self.request_queues[config_hash].empty():
+            future = await self.request_queues[config_hash].get()
+            if not future.done():
+                future.set_result(strategy)
+
+    async def get_pages(
+        self, 
+        crawlerRunConfig: CrawlerRunConfig, 
+        count: int = 1,
+        browser_config: Optional[BrowserConfig] = None
+    ) -> List[Tuple[Page, BrowserContext, BaseBrowserStrategy]]:
+        """Get multiple pages from the browser pool.
+        
+        Args:
+            crawlerRunConfig: Configuration for the crawler run
+            count: Number of pages to get
+            browser_config: Browser configuration to use
+            
+        Returns:
+            List of (Page, Context, Strategy) tuples
+        """
+        results = []
+        for _ in range(count):
+            try:
+                result = await self.get_page(crawlerRunConfig, browser_config)
+                results.append(result)
+            except Exception as e:
+                # Release any pages we've already gotten
+                for page, _, strategy in results:
+                    await self.release_page(page, strategy, browser_config)
+                raise e
+        
+        return results
+
+    async def get_page_pool_status(self) -> Dict[str, Any]:
+        """Get information about the page pool status.
+        
+        Returns:
+            Dict with page pool status information
+        """
+        status = {
+            "total_pooled_pages": 0,
+            "configs": {}
+        }
+        
+        async with self._page_pool_lock:
+            for (browser_hash, crawler_hash), pages in self.page_pool.items():
+                config_key = f"{browser_hash[:8]}_{crawler_hash[:8]}"
+                status["configs"][config_key] = len(pages)
+                status["total_pooled_pages"] += len(pages)
+        
+        if self.logger:
+            self.logger.debug(
+                f"Page pool status: {status['total_pooled_pages']} pages available",
+                tag="POOL"
+            )
+        
+        return status
+
+    async def get_pool_status(self) -> Dict[str, Any]:
+        """Get information about the browser pool status.
+        
+        Returns:
+            Dict with pool status information
+        """
+        status = {
+            "total_browsers": 0,
+            "browsers_in_use": 0,
+            "total_pages": 0,
+            "configs": {}
+        }
+        
+        for config_hash, strategies in self.browser_pool.items():
+            config_pages = 0
+            in_use = 0
+            
+            for strategy in strategies:
+                is_in_use = self.browser_in_use.get(strategy, False)
+                if is_in_use:
+                    in_use += 1
+                
+                # Get page count for this browser
+                try:
+                    page_count = len(await strategy.get_opened_pages())
+                    config_pages += page_count
+                except Exception as e:
+                    if self.logger:
+                        self.logger.error(f"Error getting page count: {str(e)}", tag="POOL")
+            
+            config_status = {
+                "total_browsers": len(strategies),
+                "browsers_in_use": in_use,
+                "pages_open": config_pages,
+                "waiting_requests": self.request_queues.get(config_hash, asyncio.Queue()).qsize(),
+                "max_capacity": len(strategies) * self.max_pages_per_browser,
+                "utilization_pct": round((config_pages / (len(strategies) * self.max_pages_per_browser)) * 100, 1) 
+                    if strategies else 0
+            }
+            
+            status["configs"][config_hash] = config_status
+            status["total_browsers"] += config_status["total_browsers"]
+            status["browsers_in_use"] += config_status["browsers_in_use"]
+            status["total_pages"] += config_pages
+        
+        # Add overall utilization
+        if status["total_browsers"] > 0:
+            max_capacity = status["total_browsers"] * self.max_pages_per_browser
+            status["overall_utilization_pct"] = round((status["total_pages"] / max_capacity) * 100, 1)
+        else:
+            status["overall_utilization_pct"] = 0
+        
+        return status
+
+    async def start(self):
+        """Start at least one browser instance in the pool.
+        
+        This method is kept for backward compatibility.
+        
+        Returns:
+            self: For method chaining
+        """
+        await self.initialize_pool([self.config], 1)
+        return self
+        
+    async def kill_session(self, session_id: str):
+        """Kill a browser session and clean up resources.
+        
+        Delegated to the strategy. This method is kept for backward compatibility.
+        
+        Args:
+            session_id: The session ID to kill
+        """
+        if not self.strategy:
+            return
+            
+        await self.strategy.kill_session(session_id)
+        
+        # Sync sessions
+        if hasattr(self.strategy, 'sessions'):
+            self.sessions = self.strategy.sessions
+    
+    async def close(self):
+        """Close all browsers in the pool and clean up resources."""
+        # Close all browsers in the pool
+        for strategies in self.browser_pool.values():
+            for strategy in strategies:
+                try:
+                    await strategy.close()
+                except Exception as e:
+                    if self.logger:
+                        self.logger.error(
+                            f"Error closing browser: {str(e)}",
+                            tag="POOL"
+                        )
+        
+        # Clear pool data
+        self.browser_pool = {}
+        self.browser_in_use = {}
+        
+        # Reset legacy references
+        self.browser = None
+        self.default_context = None
+        self.managed_browser = None
+        self.playwright = None
+        self.strategy = None
+        self.sessions = {}
+
+
+async def create_browser_manager(
+    browser_config: Optional[BrowserConfig] = None,
+    logger: Optional[AsyncLogger] = None,
+    unavailable_behavior: UnavailableBehavior = UnavailableBehavior.EXCEPTION,
+    max_browsers_per_config: int = 10,
+    initial_pool_size: int = 1,
+    page_configs: Optional[List[Tuple[BrowserConfig, CrawlerRunConfig, int]]] = None
+) -> BrowserManager:
+    """Factory function to create and initialize a BrowserManager.
+    
+    Args:
+        browser_config: Configuration for the browsers
+        logger: Logger for recording events
+        unavailable_behavior: Behavior when no browser is available
+        max_browsers_per_config: Maximum browsers per configuration
+        initial_pool_size: Initial number of browsers per configuration
+        page_configs: Optional configurations for pre-warming pages
+        
+    Returns:
+        Initialized BrowserManager
+    """
+    manager = BrowserManager(
+        browser_config=browser_config,
+        logger=logger,
+        unavailable_behavior=unavailable_behavior,
+        max_browsers_per_config=max_browsers_per_config
+    )
+    
+    await manager.initialize_pool(
+        [browser_config] if browser_config else None,
+        initial_pool_size,
+        page_configs
+    )
+    
+    return manager
+
+
+
+
+

crawl4ai/browser/models.py

@@ -0,0 +1,143 @@
+"""Docker configuration module for Crawl4AI browser automation.
+
+This module provides configuration classes for Docker-based browser automation,
+allowing flexible configuration of Docker containers for browsing.
+"""
+
+from typing import Dict, List, Optional
+
+
+class DockerConfig:
+    """Configuration for Docker-based browser automation.
+    
+    This class contains Docker-specific settings to avoid cluttering BrowserConfig.
+    
+    Attributes:
+        mode (str): Docker operation mode - "connect" or "launch".
+            - "connect": Uses a container with Chrome already running
+            - "launch": Dynamically configures and starts Chrome in container
+        image (str): Docker image to use. If None, defaults from DockerUtils are used.
+        registry_file (str): Path to container registry file for persistence.
+        persistent (bool): Keep container running after browser closes.
+        remove_on_exit (bool): Remove container on exit when not persistent.
+        network (str): Docker network to use.
+        volumes (List[str]): Volume mappings (e.g., ["host_path:container_path"]).
+        env_vars (Dict[str, str]): Environment variables to set in container.
+        extra_args (List[str]): Additional docker run arguments.
+        host_port (int): Host port to map to container's 9223 port.
+        user_data_dir (str): Path to user data directory on host.
+        container_user_data_dir (str): Path to user data directory in container.
+    """
+    
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        mode: str = "connect",                     # "connect" or "launch" 
+        image: Optional[str] = None,               # Docker image to use
+        registry_file: Optional[str] = None,       # Path to registry file
+        persistent: bool = False,                  # Keep container running after browser closes
+        remove_on_exit: bool = True,               # Remove container on exit when not persistent
+        network: Optional[str] = None,             # Docker network to use
+        volumes: List[str] = None,                 # Volume mappings
+        cpu_limit: float = 1.0,                    # CPU limit for the container
+        memory_limit: str = "1.5g",                # Memory limit for the container
+        env_vars: Dict[str, str] = None,           # Environment variables
+        host_port: Optional[int] = None,           # Host port to map to container's 9223
+        user_data_dir: Optional[str] = None,       # Path to user data directory on host
+        container_user_data_dir: str = "/data",    # Path to user data directory in container
+        extra_args: List[str] = None,              # Additional docker run arguments
+    ):
+        """Initialize Docker configuration.
+        
+        Args:
+            mode: Docker operation mode ("connect" or "launch")
+            image: Docker image to use
+            registry_file: Path to container registry file
+            persistent: Whether to keep container running after browser closes
+            remove_on_exit: Whether to remove container on exit when not persistent
+            network: Docker network to use
+            volumes: Volume mappings as list of strings
+            cpu_limit: CPU limit for the container
+            memory_limit: Memory limit for the container
+            env_vars: Environment variables as dictionary
+            extra_args: Additional docker run arguments
+            host_port: Host port to map to container's 9223
+            user_data_dir: Path to user data directory on host
+            container_user_data_dir: Path to user data directory in container
+        """
+        self.mode = mode
+        self.image = image  # If None, defaults will be used from DockerUtils
+        self.registry_file = registry_file
+        self.persistent = persistent
+        self.remove_on_exit = remove_on_exit
+        self.network = network
+        self.volumes = volumes or []
+        self.cpu_limit = cpu_limit
+        self.memory_limit = memory_limit
+        self.env_vars = env_vars or {}
+        self.extra_args = extra_args or []
+        self.host_port = host_port
+        self.user_data_dir = user_data_dir
+        self.container_user_data_dir = container_user_data_dir
+    
+    def to_dict(self) -> Dict:
+        """Convert this configuration to a dictionary.
+        
+        Returns:
+            Dictionary representation of this configuration
+        """
+        return {
+            "mode": self.mode,
+            "image": self.image,
+            "registry_file": self.registry_file,
+            "persistent": self.persistent,
+            "remove_on_exit": self.remove_on_exit,
+            "network": self.network,
+            "volumes": self.volumes,
+            "cpu_limit": self.cpu_limit,
+            "memory_limit": self.memory_limit,
+            "env_vars": self.env_vars,
+            "extra_args": self.extra_args,
+            "host_port": self.host_port,
+            "user_data_dir": self.user_data_dir,
+            "container_user_data_dir": self.container_user_data_dir
+        }
+        
+    @staticmethod
+    def from_kwargs(kwargs: Dict) -> "DockerConfig":
+        """Create a DockerConfig from a dictionary of keyword arguments.
+        
+        Args:
+            kwargs: Dictionary of configuration options
+            
+        Returns:
+            New DockerConfig instance
+        """
+        return DockerConfig(
+            mode=kwargs.get("mode", "connect"),
+            image=kwargs.get("image"),
+            registry_file=kwargs.get("registry_file"),
+            persistent=kwargs.get("persistent", False),
+            remove_on_exit=kwargs.get("remove_on_exit", True),
+            network=kwargs.get("network"),
+            volumes=kwargs.get("volumes"),
+            cpu_limit=kwargs.get("cpu_limit", 1.0),
+            memory_limit=kwargs.get("memory_limit", "1.5g"),
+            env_vars=kwargs.get("env_vars"),
+            extra_args=kwargs.get("extra_args"),
+            host_port=kwargs.get("host_port"),
+            user_data_dir=kwargs.get("user_data_dir"),
+            container_user_data_dir=kwargs.get("container_user_data_dir", "/data")
+        )
+        
+    def clone(self, **kwargs) -> "DockerConfig":
+        """Create a copy of this configuration with updated values.
+        
+        Args:
+            **kwargs: Key-value pairs of configuration options to update
+            
+        Returns:
+            DockerConfig: A new instance with the specified updates
+        """
+        config_dict = self.to_dict()
+        config_dict.update(kwargs)
+        return DockerConfig.from_kwargs(config_dict)

crawl4ai/browser/profiles.py

@@ -0,0 +1,457 @@
+"""Browser profile management module for Crawl4AI.
+
+This module provides functionality for creating and managing browser profiles
+that can be used for authenticated browsing.
+"""
+
+import os
+import asyncio
+import signal
+import sys
+import datetime
+import uuid
+import shutil
+from typing import List, Dict, Optional, Any
+from colorama import Fore, Style, init
+
+from ..async_configs import BrowserConfig
+from ..async_logger import AsyncLogger, AsyncLoggerBase
+from ..utils import get_home_folder
+
+class BrowserProfileManager:
+    """Manages browser profiles for Crawl4AI.
+    
+    This class provides functionality to create and manage browser profiles
+    that can be used for authenticated browsing with Crawl4AI.
+    
+    Profiles are stored by default in ~/.crawl4ai/profiles/
+    """
+    
+    def __init__(self, logger: Optional[AsyncLoggerBase] = None):
+        """Initialize the BrowserProfileManager.
+        
+        Args:
+            logger: Logger for outputting messages. If None, a default AsyncLogger is created.
+        """
+        # Initialize colorama for colorful terminal output
+        init()
+        
+        # Create a logger if not provided
+        if logger is None:
+            self.logger = AsyncLogger(verbose=True)
+        elif not isinstance(logger, AsyncLoggerBase):
+            self.logger = AsyncLogger(verbose=True)
+        else:
+            self.logger = logger
+            
+        # Ensure profiles directory exists
+        self.profiles_dir = os.path.join(get_home_folder(), "profiles")
+        os.makedirs(self.profiles_dir, exist_ok=True)
+    
+    async def create_profile(self, 
+                          profile_name: Optional[str] = None, 
+                          browser_config: Optional[BrowserConfig] = None) -> Optional[str]:
+        """Create a browser profile interactively.
+        
+        Args:
+            profile_name: Name for the profile. If None, a name is generated.
+            browser_config: Configuration for the browser. If None, a default configuration is used.
+                
+        Returns:
+            Path to the created profile directory, or None if creation failed
+        """
+        # Create default browser config if none provided
+        if browser_config is None:
+            browser_config = BrowserConfig(
+                browser_type="chromium",
+                headless=False,  # Must be visible for user interaction
+                verbose=True
+            )
+        else:
+            # Ensure headless is False for user interaction
+            browser_config.headless = False
+            
+        # Generate profile name if not provided
+        if not profile_name:
+            timestamp = datetime.datetime.now().strftime("%Y%m%d_%H%M%S")
+            profile_name = f"profile_{timestamp}_{uuid.uuid4().hex[:6]}"
+            
+        # Sanitize profile name (replace spaces and special chars)
+        profile_name = "".join(c if c.isalnum() or c in "-_" else "_" for c in profile_name)
+        
+        # Set user data directory
+        profile_path = os.path.join(self.profiles_dir, profile_name)
+        os.makedirs(profile_path, exist_ok=True)
+        
+        # Print instructions for the user with colorama formatting
+        border = f"{Fore.CYAN}{'='*80}{Style.RESET_ALL}"
+        self.logger.info(f"\n{border}", tag="PROFILE")
+        self.logger.info(f"Creating browser profile: {Fore.GREEN}{profile_name}{Style.RESET_ALL}", tag="PROFILE")
+        self.logger.info(f"Profile directory: {Fore.YELLOW}{profile_path}{Style.RESET_ALL}", tag="PROFILE")
+        
+        self.logger.info("\nInstructions:", tag="PROFILE")
+        self.logger.info("1. A browser window will open for you to set up your profile.", tag="PROFILE")
+        self.logger.info(f"2. {Fore.CYAN}Log in to websites{Style.RESET_ALL}, configure settings, etc. as needed.", tag="PROFILE")
+        self.logger.info(f"3. When you're done, {Fore.YELLOW}press 'q' in this terminal{Style.RESET_ALL} to close the browser.", tag="PROFILE")
+        self.logger.info("4. The profile will be saved and ready to use with Crawl4AI.", tag="PROFILE")
+        self.logger.info(f"{border}\n", tag="PROFILE")
+        
+        # Import the necessary classes with local imports to avoid circular references
+        from .strategies import CDPBrowserStrategy
+        
+        # Set browser config to use the profile path
+        browser_config.user_data_dir = profile_path
+        
+        # Create a CDP browser strategy for the profile creation
+        browser_strategy = CDPBrowserStrategy(browser_config, self.logger)
+        
+        # Set up signal handlers to ensure cleanup on interrupt
+        original_sigint = signal.getsignal(signal.SIGINT)
+        original_sigterm = signal.getsignal(signal.SIGTERM)
+        
+        # Define cleanup handler for signals
+        async def cleanup_handler(sig, frame):
+            self.logger.warning("\nCleaning up browser process...", tag="PROFILE")
+            await browser_strategy.close()
+            # Restore original signal handlers
+            signal.signal(signal.SIGINT, original_sigint)
+            signal.signal(signal.SIGTERM, original_sigterm)
+            if sig == signal.SIGINT:
+                self.logger.error("Profile creation interrupted. Profile may be incomplete.", tag="PROFILE")
+                sys.exit(1)
+                
+        # Set signal handlers
+        def sigint_handler(sig, frame):
+            asyncio.create_task(cleanup_handler(sig, frame))
+        
+        signal.signal(signal.SIGINT, sigint_handler)
+        signal.signal(signal.SIGTERM, sigint_handler)
+        
+        # Event to signal when user is done with the browser
+        user_done_event = asyncio.Event()
+        
+        # Run keyboard input loop in a separate task
+        async def listen_for_quit_command():
+            import termios
+            import tty
+            import select
+            
+            # First output the prompt
+            self.logger.info(f"{Fore.CYAN}Press '{Fore.WHITE}q{Fore.CYAN}' when you've finished using the browser...{Style.RESET_ALL}", tag="PROFILE")
+            
+            # Save original terminal settings
+            fd = sys.stdin.fileno()
+            old_settings = termios.tcgetattr(fd)
+            
+            try:
+                # Switch to non-canonical mode (no line buffering)
+                tty.setcbreak(fd)
+                
+                while True:
+                    # Check if input is available (non-blocking)
+                    readable, _, _ = select.select([sys.stdin], [], [], 0.5)
+                    if readable:
+                        key = sys.stdin.read(1)
+                        if key.lower() == 'q':
+                            self.logger.info(f"{Fore.GREEN}Closing browser and saving profile...{Style.RESET_ALL}", tag="PROFILE")
+                            user_done_event.set()
+                            return
+                    
+                    # Check if the browser process has already exited
+                    if browser_strategy.browser_process and browser_strategy.browser_process.poll() is not None:
+                        self.logger.info("Browser already closed. Ending input listener.", tag="PROFILE")
+                        user_done_event.set()
+                        return
+                        
+                    await asyncio.sleep(0.1)
+            
+            finally:
+                # Restore terminal settings 
+                termios.tcsetattr(fd, termios.TCSADRAIN, old_settings)
+        
+        try:
+            # Start the browser
+            await browser_strategy.start()
+            
+            # Check if browser started successfully
+            if not browser_strategy.browser_process:
+                self.logger.error("Failed to start browser process.", tag="PROFILE")
+                return None
+            
+            self.logger.info(f"Browser launched. {Fore.CYAN}Waiting for you to finish...{Style.RESET_ALL}", tag="PROFILE") 
+            
+            # Start listening for keyboard input
+            listener_task = asyncio.create_task(listen_for_quit_command())
+            
+            # Wait for either the user to press 'q' or for the browser process to exit naturally
+            while not user_done_event.is_set() and browser_strategy.browser_process.poll() is None:
+                await asyncio.sleep(0.5)
+            
+            # Cancel the listener task if it's still running
+            if not listener_task.done():
+                listener_task.cancel()
+                try:
+                    await listener_task
+                except asyncio.CancelledError:
+                    pass
+            
+            # If the browser is still running and the user pressed 'q', terminate it
+            if browser_strategy.browser_process.poll() is None and user_done_event.is_set():
+                self.logger.info("Terminating browser process...", tag="PROFILE")
+                await browser_strategy.close()
+            
+            self.logger.success(f"Browser closed. Profile saved at: {Fore.GREEN}{profile_path}{Style.RESET_ALL}", tag="PROFILE")
+                
+        except Exception as e:
+            self.logger.error(f"Error creating profile: {str(e)}", tag="PROFILE")
+            await browser_strategy.close()
+            return None
+        finally:
+            # Restore original signal handlers
+            signal.signal(signal.SIGINT, original_sigint)
+            signal.signal(signal.SIGTERM, original_sigterm)
+            
+            # Make sure browser is fully cleaned up
+            await browser_strategy.close()
+        
+        # Return the profile path
+        return profile_path
+    
+    def list_profiles(self) -> List[Dict[str, Any]]:
+        """List all available browser profiles.
+        
+        Returns:
+            List of dictionaries containing profile information
+        """
+        if not os.path.exists(self.profiles_dir):
+            return []
+            
+        profiles = []
+        
+        for name in os.listdir(self.profiles_dir):
+            profile_path = os.path.join(self.profiles_dir, name)
+            
+            # Skip if not a directory
+            if not os.path.isdir(profile_path):
+                continue
+                
+            # Check if this looks like a valid browser profile
+            # For Chromium: Look for Preferences file
+            # For Firefox: Look for prefs.js file
+            is_valid = False
+            
+            if os.path.exists(os.path.join(profile_path, "Preferences")) or \
+               os.path.exists(os.path.join(profile_path, "Default", "Preferences")):
+                is_valid = "chromium"
+            elif os.path.exists(os.path.join(profile_path, "prefs.js")):
+                is_valid = "firefox"
+                
+            if is_valid:
+                # Get creation time
+                created = datetime.datetime.fromtimestamp(
+                    os.path.getctime(profile_path)
+                )
+                
+                profiles.append({
+                    "name": name,
+                    "path": profile_path,
+                    "created": created,
+                    "type": is_valid
+                })
+                
+        # Sort by creation time, newest first
+        profiles.sort(key=lambda x: x["created"], reverse=True)
+        
+        return profiles
+    
+    def get_profile_path(self, profile_name: str) -> Optional[str]:
+        """Get the full path to a profile by name.
+        
+        Args:
+            profile_name: Name of the profile (not the full path)
+            
+        Returns:
+            Full path to the profile directory, or None if not found
+        """
+        profile_path = os.path.join(self.profiles_dir, profile_name)
+        
+        # Check if path exists and is a valid profile
+        if not os.path.isdir(profile_path):
+            # Check if profile_name itself is full path
+            if os.path.isabs(profile_name):
+                profile_path = profile_name
+            else:
+                return None
+        
+        # Look for profile indicators
+        is_profile = (
+            os.path.exists(os.path.join(profile_path, "Preferences")) or
+            os.path.exists(os.path.join(profile_path, "Default", "Preferences")) or
+            os.path.exists(os.path.join(profile_path, "prefs.js"))
+        )
+        
+        if not is_profile:
+            return None  # Not a valid browser profile
+            
+        return profile_path
+    
+    def delete_profile(self, profile_name_or_path: str) -> bool:
+        """Delete a browser profile by name or path.
+        
+        Args:
+            profile_name_or_path: Name of the profile or full path to profile directory
+            
+        Returns:
+            True if the profile was deleted successfully, False otherwise
+        """
+        # Determine if input is a name or a path
+        if os.path.isabs(profile_name_or_path):
+            # Full path provided
+            profile_path = profile_name_or_path
+        else:
+            # Just a name provided, construct path
+            profile_path = os.path.join(self.profiles_dir, profile_name_or_path)
+        
+        # Check if path exists and is a valid profile
+        if not os.path.isdir(profile_path):
+            return False
+            
+        # Look for profile indicators
+        is_profile = (
+            os.path.exists(os.path.join(profile_path, "Preferences")) or
+            os.path.exists(os.path.join(profile_path, "Default", "Preferences")) or
+            os.path.exists(os.path.join(profile_path, "prefs.js"))
+        )
+        
+        if not is_profile:
+            return False  # Not a valid browser profile
+            
+        # Delete the profile directory
+        try:
+            shutil.rmtree(profile_path)
+            return True
+        except Exception:
+            return False
+            
+    async def interactive_manager(self, crawl_callback=None):
+        """Launch an interactive profile management console.
+        
+        Args:
+            crawl_callback: Function to call when selecting option to use 
+                a profile for crawling. It will be called with (profile_path, url).
+        """
+        while True:
+            self.logger.info(f"\n{Fore.CYAN}Profile Management Options:{Style.RESET_ALL}", tag="MENU")
+            self.logger.info(f"1. {Fore.GREEN}Create a new profile{Style.RESET_ALL}", tag="MENU")
+            self.logger.info(f"2. {Fore.YELLOW}List available profiles{Style.RESET_ALL}", tag="MENU")
+            self.logger.info(f"3. {Fore.RED}Delete a profile{Style.RESET_ALL}", tag="MENU")
+            
+            # Only show crawl option if callback provided
+            if crawl_callback:
+                self.logger.info(f"4. {Fore.CYAN}Use a profile to crawl a website{Style.RESET_ALL}", tag="MENU")
+                self.logger.info(f"5. {Fore.MAGENTA}Exit{Style.RESET_ALL}", tag="MENU")
+                exit_option = "5"
+            else:
+                self.logger.info(f"4. {Fore.MAGENTA}Exit{Style.RESET_ALL}", tag="MENU")
+                exit_option = "4"
+            
+            choice = input(f"\n{Fore.CYAN}Enter your choice (1-{exit_option}): {Style.RESET_ALL}")
+            
+            if choice == "1":
+                # Create new profile
+                name = input(f"{Fore.GREEN}Enter a name for the new profile (or press Enter for auto-generated name): {Style.RESET_ALL}")
+                await self.create_profile(name or None)
+                
+            elif choice == "2":
+                # List profiles
+                profiles = self.list_profiles()
+                
+                if not profiles:
+                    self.logger.warning("  No profiles found. Create one first with option 1.", tag="PROFILES")
+                    continue
+                
+                # Print profile information with colorama formatting
+                self.logger.info("\nAvailable profiles:", tag="PROFILES")
+                for i, profile in enumerate(profiles):
+                    self.logger.info(f"[{i+1}] {Fore.CYAN}{profile['name']}{Style.RESET_ALL}", tag="PROFILES")
+                    self.logger.info(f"    Path: {Fore.YELLOW}{profile['path']}{Style.RESET_ALL}", tag="PROFILES")
+                    self.logger.info(f"    Created: {profile['created'].strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S')}", tag="PROFILES")
+                    self.logger.info(f"    Browser type: {profile['type']}", tag="PROFILES")
+                    self.logger.info("", tag="PROFILES")  # Empty line for spacing
+                
+            elif choice == "3":
+                # Delete profile
+                profiles = self.list_profiles()
+                if not profiles:
+                    self.logger.warning("No profiles found to delete", tag="PROFILES")
+                    continue
+                    
+                # Display numbered list
+                self.logger.info(f"\n{Fore.YELLOW}Available profiles:{Style.RESET_ALL}", tag="PROFILES")
+                for i, profile in enumerate(profiles):
+                    self.logger.info(f"[{i+1}] {profile['name']}", tag="PROFILES")
+                    
+                # Get profile to delete
+                profile_idx = input(f"{Fore.RED}Enter the number of the profile to delete (or 'c' to cancel): {Style.RESET_ALL}")
+                if profile_idx.lower() == 'c':
+                    continue
+                    
+                try:
+                    idx = int(profile_idx) - 1
+                    if 0 <= idx < len(profiles):
+                        profile_name = profiles[idx]["name"]
+                        self.logger.info(f"Deleting profile: {Fore.YELLOW}{profile_name}{Style.RESET_ALL}", tag="PROFILES")
+                        
+                        # Confirm deletion
+                        confirm = input(f"{Fore.RED}Are you sure you want to delete this profile? (y/n): {Style.RESET_ALL}")
+                        if confirm.lower() == 'y':
+                            success = self.delete_profile(profiles[idx]["path"])
+                            
+                            if success:
+                                self.logger.success(f"Profile {Fore.GREEN}{profile_name}{Style.RESET_ALL} deleted successfully", tag="PROFILES")
+                            else:
+                                self.logger.error(f"Failed to delete profile {Fore.RED}{profile_name}{Style.RESET_ALL}", tag="PROFILES")
+                    else:
+                        self.logger.error("Invalid profile number", tag="PROFILES")
+                except ValueError:
+                    self.logger.error("Please enter a valid number", tag="PROFILES")
+                    
+            elif choice == "4" and crawl_callback:
+                # Use profile to crawl a site
+                profiles = self.list_profiles()
+                if not profiles:
+                    self.logger.warning("No profiles found. Create one first.", tag="PROFILES")
+                    continue
+                    
+                # Display numbered list
+                self.logger.info(f"\n{Fore.YELLOW}Available profiles:{Style.RESET_ALL}", tag="PROFILES")
+                for i, profile in enumerate(profiles):
+                    self.logger.info(f"[{i+1}] {profile['name']}", tag="PROFILES")
+                    
+                # Get profile to use
+                profile_idx = input(f"{Fore.CYAN}Enter the number of the profile to use (or 'c' to cancel): {Style.RESET_ALL}")
+                if profile_idx.lower() == 'c':
+                    continue
+                    
+                try:
+                    idx = int(profile_idx) - 1
+                    if 0 <= idx < len(profiles):
+                        profile_path = profiles[idx]["path"]
+                        url = input(f"{Fore.CYAN}Enter the URL to crawl: {Style.RESET_ALL}")
+                        if url:
+                            # Call the provided crawl callback
+                            await crawl_callback(profile_path, url)
+                        else:
+                            self.logger.error("No URL provided", tag="CRAWL")
+                    else:
+                        self.logger.error("Invalid profile number", tag="PROFILES")
+                except ValueError:
+                    self.logger.error("Please enter a valid number", tag="PROFILES")
+                    
+            elif (choice == "4" and not crawl_callback) or (choice == "5" and crawl_callback):
+                # Exit
+                self.logger.info("Exiting profile management", tag="MENU")
+                break
+                
+            else:
+                self.logger.error(f"Invalid choice. Please enter a number between 1 and {exit_option}.", tag="MENU")

crawl4ai/browser/strategies/__init__.py

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+from .base import BaseBrowserStrategy
+from .cdp import CDPBrowserStrategy
+from .docker_strategy import DockerBrowserStrategy
+from .playwright import PlaywrightBrowserStrategy
+from .builtin import BuiltinBrowserStrategy
+
+__all__ = [
+    "BrowserStrategy",
+    "CDPBrowserStrategy",
+    "DockerBrowserStrategy",
+    "PlaywrightBrowserStrategy",
+    "BuiltinBrowserStrategy",
+]

crawl4ai/browser/strategies/base.py

@@ -0,0 +1,601 @@
+"""Browser strategies module for Crawl4AI.
+
+This module implements the browser strategy pattern for different
+browser implementations, including Playwright, CDP, and builtin browsers.
+"""
+
+from abc import ABC, abstractmethod
+import asyncio
+import json
+import hashlib
+import os
+import time
+from typing import Optional, Tuple, List
+
+from playwright.async_api import BrowserContext, Page
+
+from ...async_logger import AsyncLogger
+from ...async_configs import BrowserConfig, CrawlerRunConfig
+from ...config import DOWNLOAD_PAGE_TIMEOUT
+from ...js_snippet import load_js_script
+from ..utils import get_playwright
+
+
+class BaseBrowserStrategy(ABC):
+    """Base class for all browser strategies.
+    
+    This abstract class defines the interface that all browser strategies
+    must implement. It handles common functionality like context caching,
+    browser configuration, and session management.
+    """
+    
+    _playwright_instance = None
+    
+    @classmethod
+    async def get_playwright(cls):
+        """Get or create a shared Playwright instance.
+        
+        Returns:
+            Playwright: The shared Playwright instance
+        """
+        # For now I dont want Singleton pattern for Playwright
+        if cls._playwright_instance is None or True:
+            cls._playwright_instance = await get_playwright()
+        return cls._playwright_instance
+        
+    def __init__(self, config: BrowserConfig, logger: Optional[AsyncLogger] = None):
+        """Initialize the strategy with configuration and logger.
+        
+        Args:
+            config: Browser configuration
+            logger: Logger for recording events and errors
+        """
+        self.config = config
+        self.logger = logger
+        self.browser = None
+        self.default_context = None
+        
+        # Context management
+        self.contexts_by_config = {}  # config_signature -> context
+
+        self._contexts_lock = asyncio.Lock()
+        
+        # Session management
+        self.sessions = {}
+        self.session_ttl = 1800  # 30 minutes default
+        
+        # Playwright instance
+        self.playwright = None
+    
+    @abstractmethod
+    async def start(self):
+        """Start the browser.
+        
+        This method should be implemented by concrete strategies to initialize 
+        the browser in the appropriate way (direct launch, CDP connection, etc.)
+        
+        Returns:
+            self: For method chaining
+        """
+        # Base implementation gets the playwright instance
+        self.playwright = await self.get_playwright()
+        return self
+    
+    @abstractmethod
+    async def _generate_page(self, crawlerRunConfig: CrawlerRunConfig) -> Tuple[Page, BrowserContext]:
+        pass
+
+    async def get_page(self, crawlerRunConfig: CrawlerRunConfig) -> Tuple[Page, BrowserContext]:
+        """Get a page with specified configuration.
+        
+        This method should be implemented by concrete strategies to create
+        or retrieve a page according to their browser management approach.
+        
+        Args:
+            crawlerRunConfig: Crawler run configuration
+            
+        Returns:
+            Tuple of (Page, BrowserContext)
+        """
+        # Clean up expired sessions first
+        self._cleanup_expired_sessions()
+
+        # If a session_id is provided and we already have it, reuse that page + context
+        if crawlerRunConfig.session_id and crawlerRunConfig.session_id in self.sessions:
+            context, page, _ = self.sessions[crawlerRunConfig.session_id]
+            # Update last-used timestamp
+            self.sessions[crawlerRunConfig.session_id] = (context, page, time.time())
+            return page, context
+        
+        page, context = await self._generate_page(crawlerRunConfig)
+
+        import uuid
+        setattr(page, "guid", uuid.uuid4())
+
+        # If a session_id is specified, store this session so we can reuse later
+        if crawlerRunConfig.session_id:
+            self.sessions[crawlerRunConfig.session_id] = (context, page, time.time())
+            
+        return page, context        
+        pass
+    
+    async def get_pages(self, crawlerRunConfig: CrawlerRunConfig, count: int = 1) -> List[Tuple[Page, BrowserContext]]:
+        """Get multiple pages with the same configuration.
+        
+        Args:
+            crawlerRunConfig: Configuration for the pages
+            count: Number of pages to create
+            
+        Returns:
+            List of (Page, Context) tuples
+        """
+        pages = []
+        for _ in range(count):
+            page, context = await self.get_page(crawlerRunConfig)
+            pages.append((page, context))
+        return pages
+       
+    async def get_opened_pages(self) -> List[Page]:
+        """Get all opened pages in the
+        browser.
+        """
+        return [page for context in self.contexts_by_config.values() for page in context.pages]
+
+    def _build_browser_args(self) -> dict:
+        """Build browser launch arguments from config.
+        
+        Returns:
+            dict: Browser launch arguments for Playwright
+        """
+        # Define common browser arguments that improve performance and stability
+        args = [
+            "--no-sandbox",
+            "--no-first-run",
+            "--no-default-browser-check",
+            "--window-position=0,0",
+            "--ignore-certificate-errors",
+            "--ignore-certificate-errors-spki-list",
+            "--window-position=400,0",
+            "--force-color-profile=srgb",
+            "--mute-audio",
+            "--disable-gpu",
+            "--disable-gpu-compositing",
+            "--disable-software-rasterizer",
+            "--disable-dev-shm-usage",
+            "--disable-infobars",
+            "--disable-blink-features=AutomationControlled",
+            "--disable-renderer-backgrounding",
+            "--disable-ipc-flooding-protection",
+            "--disable-background-timer-throttling",
+            f"--window-size={self.config.viewport_width},{self.config.viewport_height}",
+        ]
+
+        # Define browser disable options for light mode
+        browser_disable_options = [
+            "--disable-backgrounding-occluded-windows",
+            "--disable-breakpad",
+            "--disable-client-side-phishing-detection",
+            "--disable-component-extensions-with-background-pages",
+            "--disable-default-apps",
+            "--disable-extensions",
+            "--disable-features=TranslateUI",
+            "--disable-hang-monitor",
+            "--disable-popup-blocking",
+            "--disable-prompt-on-repost",
+            "--disable-sync",
+            "--metrics-recording-only",
+            "--password-store=basic",
+            "--use-mock-keychain",
+        ]
+
+        # Apply light mode settings if enabled
+        if self.config.light_mode:
+            args.extend(browser_disable_options)
+
+        # Apply text mode settings if enabled (disables images, JS, etc)
+        if self.config.text_mode:
+            args.extend([
+                "--blink-settings=imagesEnabled=false",
+                "--disable-remote-fonts",
+                "--disable-images",
+                "--disable-javascript",
+                "--disable-software-rasterizer",
+                "--disable-dev-shm-usage",
+            ])
+
+        # Add any extra arguments from the config
+        if self.config.extra_args:
+            args.extend(self.config.extra_args)
+
+        # Build the core browser args dictionary
+        browser_args = {"headless": self.config.headless, "args": args}
+
+        # Add chrome channel if specified
+        if self.config.chrome_channel:
+            browser_args["channel"] = self.config.chrome_channel
+
+        # Configure downloads
+        if self.config.accept_downloads:
+            browser_args["downloads_path"] = self.config.downloads_path or os.path.join(
+                os.getcwd(), "downloads"
+            )
+            os.makedirs(browser_args["downloads_path"], exist_ok=True)
+
+        # Check for user data directory
+        if self.config.user_data_dir:
+            # Ensure the directory exists
+            os.makedirs(self.config.user_data_dir, exist_ok=True)
+            browser_args["user_data_dir"] = self.config.user_data_dir
+        
+        # Configure proxy settings
+        if self.config.proxy or self.config.proxy_config:
+            from playwright.async_api import ProxySettings
+
+            proxy_settings = (
+                ProxySettings(server=self.config.proxy)
+                if self.config.proxy
+                else ProxySettings(
+                    server=self.config.proxy_config.server,
+                    username=self.config.proxy_config.username,
+                    password=self.config.proxy_config.password,
+                )
+            )
+            browser_args["proxy"] = proxy_settings
+
+        return browser_args
+    
+    def _make_config_signature(self, crawlerRunConfig: CrawlerRunConfig) -> str:
+        """Create a signature hash from configuration for context caching.
+        
+        Converts the crawlerRunConfig into a dict, excludes ephemeral fields,
+        then returns a hash of the sorted JSON. This yields a stable signature
+        that identifies configurations requiring a unique browser context.
+        
+        Args:
+            crawlerRunConfig: Crawler run configuration
+            
+        Returns:
+            str: Unique hash for this configuration
+        """
+        config_dict = crawlerRunConfig.__dict__.copy()
+        # Exclude items that do not affect browser-level setup
+        ephemeral_keys = [
+            "session_id",
+            "js_code",
+            "scraping_strategy",
+            "extraction_strategy",
+            "chunking_strategy",
+            "cache_mode",
+            "content_filter",
+            "semaphore_count",
+            "url"
+        ]
+        for key in ephemeral_keys:
+            if key in config_dict:
+                del config_dict[key]
+                
+        # Convert to canonical JSON string
+        signature_json = json.dumps(config_dict, sort_keys=True, default=str)
+
+        # Hash the JSON so we get a compact, unique string
+        signature_hash = hashlib.sha256(signature_json.encode("utf-8")).hexdigest()
+        return signature_hash
+        
+    async def create_browser_context(self, crawlerRunConfig: Optional[CrawlerRunConfig] = None) -> BrowserContext:
+        """Creates and returns a new browser context with configured settings.
+        
+        Args:
+            crawlerRunConfig: Configuration object for the crawler run
+            
+        Returns:
+            BrowserContext: Browser context object with the specified configurations
+        """
+        if not self.browser:
+            raise ValueError("Browser must be initialized before creating context")
+            
+        # Base settings
+        user_agent = self.config.headers.get("User-Agent", self.config.user_agent) 
+        viewport_settings = {
+            "width": self.config.viewport_width,
+            "height": self.config.viewport_height,
+        }
+        proxy_settings = {"server": self.config.proxy} if self.config.proxy else None
+        
+        # Define blocked extensions for resource optimization
+        blocked_extensions = [
+            # Images
+            "jpg", "jpeg", "png", "gif", "webp", "svg", "ico", "bmp", "tiff", "psd",
+            # Fonts
+            "woff", "woff2", "ttf", "otf", "eot",
+            # Media
+            "mp4", "webm", "ogg", "avi", "mov", "wmv", "flv", "m4v", "mp3", "wav", "aac",
+            "m4a", "opus", "flac",
+            # Documents
+            "pdf", "doc", "docx", "xls", "xlsx", "ppt", "pptx",
+            # Archives
+            "zip", "rar", "7z", "tar", "gz",
+            # Scripts and data
+            "xml", "swf", "wasm",
+        ]
+
+        # Common context settings
+        context_settings = {
+            "user_agent": user_agent,
+            "viewport": viewport_settings,
+            "proxy": proxy_settings,
+            "accept_downloads": self.config.accept_downloads,
+            "storage_state": self.config.storage_state,
+            "ignore_https_errors": self.config.ignore_https_errors,
+            "device_scale_factor": 1.0,
+            "java_script_enabled": self.config.java_script_enabled,
+        }
+        
+        # Apply text mode settings if enabled
+        if self.config.text_mode:
+            text_mode_settings = {
+                "has_touch": False,
+                "is_mobile": False,
+                "java_script_enabled": False,  # Disable javascript in text mode
+            }
+            # Update context settings with text mode settings
+            context_settings.update(text_mode_settings)
+            if self.logger:
+                self.logger.debug("Text mode enabled for browser context", tag="BROWSER")
+        
+        # Handle storage state properly - this is key for persistence
+        if self.config.storage_state:
+            if self.logger:
+                if isinstance(self.config.storage_state, str):
+                    self.logger.debug(f"Using storage state from file: {self.config.storage_state}", tag="BROWSER")
+                else:
+                    self.logger.debug("Using storage state from config object", tag="BROWSER")
+
+        if self.config.user_data_dir:
+            # For CDP-based browsers, storage persistence is typically handled by the user_data_dir
+            # at the browser level, but we'll create a storage_state location for Playwright as well
+            storage_path = os.path.join(self.config.user_data_dir, "storage_state.json")
+            if not os.path.exists(storage_path):
+                # Create parent directory if it doesn't exist
+                os.makedirs(os.path.dirname(storage_path), exist_ok=True)
+                with open(storage_path, "w") as f:
+                    json.dump({}, f)
+            self.config.storage_state = storage_path
+
+            if self.logger:
+                self.logger.debug(f"Using user data directory: {self.config.user_data_dir}", tag="BROWSER")
+        
+        # Apply crawler-specific configurations if provided
+        if crawlerRunConfig:
+            # Check if there is value for crawlerRunConfig.proxy_config set add that to context
+            if crawlerRunConfig.proxy_config:
+                proxy_settings = {
+                    "server": crawlerRunConfig.proxy_config.server,
+                }
+                if crawlerRunConfig.proxy_config.username:
+                    proxy_settings.update({
+                        "username": crawlerRunConfig.proxy_config.username,
+                        "password": crawlerRunConfig.proxy_config.password,
+                    })
+                context_settings["proxy"] = proxy_settings
+                
+        # Create and return the context
+        try:
+            # Create the context with appropriate settings
+            context = await self.browser.new_context(**context_settings)
+            
+            # Apply text mode resource blocking if enabled
+            if self.config.text_mode:
+                # Create and apply route patterns for each extension
+                for ext in blocked_extensions:
+                    await context.route(f"**/*.{ext}", lambda route: route.abort())
+                    
+            return context
+        except Exception as e:
+            if self.logger:
+                self.logger.error(f"Error creating browser context: {str(e)}", tag="BROWSER")
+            # Fallback to basic context creation if the advanced settings fail
+            return await self.browser.new_context()
+        
+    async def setup_context(self, context: BrowserContext, crawlerRunConfig: Optional[CrawlerRunConfig] = None):
+        """Set up a browser context with the configured options.
+        
+        Args:
+            context: The browser context to set up
+            crawlerRunConfig: Configuration object containing all browser settings
+        """
+        # Set HTTP headers
+        if self.config.headers:
+            await context.set_extra_http_headers(self.config.headers)
+
+        # Add cookies
+        if self.config.cookies:
+            await context.add_cookies(self.config.cookies)
+
+        # Apply storage state if provided
+        if self.config.storage_state:
+            await context.storage_state(path=None)
+
+        # Configure downloads
+        if self.config.accept_downloads:
+            context.set_default_timeout(DOWNLOAD_PAGE_TIMEOUT)
+            context.set_default_navigation_timeout(DOWNLOAD_PAGE_TIMEOUT)
+            if self.config.downloads_path:
+                context._impl_obj._options["accept_downloads"] = True
+                context._impl_obj._options["downloads_path"] = self.config.downloads_path
+
+        # Handle user agent and browser hints
+        if self.config.user_agent:
+            combined_headers = {
+                "User-Agent": self.config.user_agent,
+                "sec-ch-ua": self.config.browser_hint,
+            }
+            combined_headers.update(self.config.headers)
+            await context.set_extra_http_headers(combined_headers)
+
+        # Add default cookie
+        target_url = (crawlerRunConfig and crawlerRunConfig.url) or "https://crawl4ai.com/"
+        await context.add_cookies(
+            [
+                {
+                    "name": "cookiesEnabled",
+                    "value": "true",
+                    "url": target_url,
+                }
+            ]
+        )
+
+        # Handle navigator overrides
+        if crawlerRunConfig:
+            if (
+                crawlerRunConfig.override_navigator
+                or crawlerRunConfig.simulate_user
+                or crawlerRunConfig.magic
+            ):
+                await context.add_init_script(load_js_script("navigator_overrider"))
+                
+    async def kill_session(self, session_id: str):
+        """Kill a browser session and clean up resources.
+
+        Args:
+            session_id (str): The session ID to kill.
+        """
+        if session_id not in self.sessions:
+            return
+            
+        context, page, _ = self.sessions[session_id]
+        
+        # Close the page
+        try:
+            await page.close()
+        except Exception as e:
+            if self.logger:
+                self.logger.error(f"Error closing page for session {session_id}: {str(e)}", tag="BROWSER")
+        
+        # Remove session from tracking
+        del self.sessions[session_id]
+        
+        # Clean up any contexts that no longer have pages
+        await self._cleanup_unused_contexts()
+        
+        if self.logger:
+            self.logger.debug(f"Killed session: {session_id}", tag="BROWSER")
+
+    async def _cleanup_unused_contexts(self):
+        """Clean up contexts that no longer have any pages."""
+        async with self._contexts_lock:
+            # Get all contexts we're managing
+            contexts_to_check = list(self.contexts_by_config.values())
+            
+            for context in contexts_to_check:
+                # Check if the context has any pages left
+                if not context.pages:
+                    # No pages left, we can close this context
+                    config_signature = next((sig for sig, ctx in self.contexts_by_config.items() 
+                                           if ctx == context), None)
+                    if config_signature:
+                        try:
+                            await context.close()
+                            del self.contexts_by_config[config_signature]
+                            if self.logger:
+                                self.logger.debug(f"Closed unused context", tag="BROWSER")
+                        except Exception as e:
+                            if self.logger:
+                                self.logger.error(f"Error closing unused context: {str(e)}", tag="BROWSER")
+    
+    def _cleanup_expired_sessions(self):
+        """Clean up expired sessions based on TTL."""
+        current_time = time.time()
+        expired_sessions = [
+            sid
+            for sid, (_, _, last_used) in self.sessions.items()
+            if current_time - last_used > self.session_ttl
+        ]
+        
+        for sid in expired_sessions:
+            if self.logger:
+                self.logger.debug(f"Session expired: {sid}", tag="BROWSER")
+            asyncio.create_task(self.kill_session(sid))
+
+    async def close(self):
+        """Close the browser and clean up resources.
+        
+        This method handles common cleanup tasks like:
+        1. Persisting storage state if a user_data_dir is configured
+        2. Closing all sessions
+        3. Closing all browser contexts
+        4. Closing the browser
+        5. Stopping Playwright
+        
+        Child classes should override this method to add their specific cleanup logic,
+        but should call super().close() to ensure common cleanup tasks are performed.
+        """
+        # Set a flag to prevent race conditions during cleanup
+        self.shutting_down = True
+        
+        try:
+            # Add brief delay if configured
+            if self.config.sleep_on_close:
+                await asyncio.sleep(0.5)
+                
+            # Persist storage state if using a user data directory
+            if self.config.user_data_dir and self.browser:
+                for context in self.browser.contexts:
+                    try:
+                        # Ensure the directory exists
+                        storage_dir = os.path.join(self.config.user_data_dir, "Default")
+                        os.makedirs(storage_dir, exist_ok=True)
+                        
+                        # Save storage state
+                        storage_path = os.path.join(storage_dir, "storage_state.json")
+                        await context.storage_state(path=storage_path)
+                        
+                        if self.logger:
+                            self.logger.debug("Storage state persisted before closing browser", tag="BROWSER")
+                    except Exception as e:
+                        if self.logger:
+                            self.logger.warning(
+                                message="Failed to ensure storage persistence: {error}",
+                                tag="BROWSER", 
+                                params={"error": str(e)}
+                            )
+            
+            # Close all active sessions
+            session_ids = list(self.sessions.keys())
+            for session_id in session_ids:
+                await self.kill_session(session_id)
+                
+            # Close all cached contexts
+            for ctx in self.contexts_by_config.values():
+                try:
+                    await ctx.close()
+                except Exception as e:
+                    if self.logger:
+                        self.logger.error(
+                            message="Error closing context: {error}",
+                            tag="BROWSER",
+                            params={"error": str(e)}
+                        )
+            self.contexts_by_config.clear()
+            
+            # Close the browser if it exists
+            if self.browser:
+                await self.browser.close()
+                self.browser = None
+                
+            # Stop playwright
+            if self.playwright:
+                await self.playwright.stop()
+                self.playwright = None
+                
+        except Exception as e:
+            if self.logger:
+                self.logger.error(
+                    message="Error during browser cleanup: {error}",
+                    tag="BROWSER",
+                    params={"error": str(e)}
+                )
+        finally:
+            # Reset shutting down flag
+            self.shutting_down = False
+    
+    

crawl4ai/browser/strategies/builtin.py

@@ -0,0 +1,468 @@
+import asyncio
+import os
+import time
+import json
+import subprocess
+import shutil
+import signal
+from typing import Optional, Dict, Any, Tuple
+
+
+from ...async_logger import AsyncLogger
+from ...async_configs import CrawlerRunConfig
+from playwright.async_api import Page, BrowserContext
+from ...async_logger import AsyncLogger
+from ...async_configs import BrowserConfig
+from ...utils import get_home_folder
+from ..utils import get_browser_executable, is_windows, is_browser_running, find_process_by_port, terminate_process
+
+
+from .cdp import CDPBrowserStrategy
+from .base import BaseBrowserStrategy
+
+class BuiltinBrowserStrategy(CDPBrowserStrategy):
+    """Built-in browser strategy.
+    
+    This strategy extends the CDP strategy to use the built-in browser.
+    """
+    
+    def __init__(self, config: BrowserConfig, logger: Optional[AsyncLogger] = None):
+        """Initialize the built-in browser strategy.
+        
+        Args:
+            config: Browser configuration
+            logger: Logger for recording events and errors
+        """
+        super().__init__(config, logger)
+        self.builtin_browser_dir = os.path.join(get_home_folder(), "builtin-browser") if not self.config.user_data_dir else self.config.user_data_dir
+        self.builtin_config_file = os.path.join(self.builtin_browser_dir, "browser_config.json")
+
+        # Raise error if user data dir is already engaged
+        if self._check_user_dir_is_engaged(self.builtin_browser_dir):
+            raise Exception(f"User data directory {self.builtin_browser_dir} is already engaged by another browser instance.")
+
+        os.makedirs(self.builtin_browser_dir, exist_ok=True)
+    
+    def _check_user_dir_is_engaged(self, user_data_dir: str) -> bool:
+        """Check if the user data directory is already in use.
+        
+        Returns:
+            bool: True if the directory is engaged, False otherwise
+        """
+        # Load browser config file, then iterate in port_map values, check "user_data_dir" key if it matches
+        # the current user data directory
+        if os.path.exists(self.builtin_config_file):
+            try:
+                with open(self.builtin_config_file, 'r') as f:
+                    browser_info_dict = json.load(f)
+                
+                # Check if user data dir is already engaged
+                for port_str, browser_info in browser_info_dict.get("port_map", {}).items():
+                    if browser_info.get("user_data_dir") == user_data_dir:
+                        return True
+            except Exception as e:
+                if self.logger:
+                    self.logger.error(f"Error reading built-in browser config: {str(e)}", tag="BUILTIN")
+        return False
+
+    async def start(self):
+        """Start or connect to the built-in browser.
+        
+        Returns:
+            self: For method chaining
+        """
+        # Initialize Playwright instance via base class method
+        await BaseBrowserStrategy.start(self)
+        
+        try:
+            # Check for existing built-in browser (get_browser_info already checks if running)
+            browser_info = self.get_browser_info()
+            if browser_info:
+                if self.logger:
+                    self.logger.info(f"Using existing built-in browser at {browser_info.get('cdp_url')}", tag="BROWSER")
+                self.config.cdp_url = browser_info.get('cdp_url')
+            else:
+                if self.logger:
+                    self.logger.info("Built-in browser not found, launching new instance...", tag="BROWSER")
+                cdp_url = await self.launch_builtin_browser(
+                    browser_type=self.config.browser_type,
+                    debugging_port=self.config.debugging_port,
+                    headless=self.config.headless,
+                )
+                if not cdp_url:
+                    if self.logger:
+                        self.logger.warning("Failed to launch built-in browser, falling back to regular CDP strategy", tag="BROWSER")
+                    # Call CDP's start but skip BaseBrowserStrategy.start() since we already called it
+                    return await CDPBrowserStrategy.start(self)
+                self.config.cdp_url = cdp_url
+            
+            # Connect to the browser using CDP protocol
+            self.browser = await self.playwright.chromium.connect_over_cdp(self.config.cdp_url)
+            
+            # Get or create default context
+            contexts = self.browser.contexts
+            if contexts:
+                self.default_context = contexts[0]
+            else:
+                self.default_context = await self.create_browser_context()
+            
+            await self.setup_context(self.default_context)
+            
+            if self.logger:
+                self.logger.debug(f"Connected to built-in browser at {self.config.cdp_url}", tag="BUILTIN")
+                
+            return self
+        except Exception as e:
+            if self.logger:
+                self.logger.error(f"Failed to start built-in browser: {str(e)}", tag="BUILTIN")
+            
+            # There is a possibility that at this point I need to clean up some resourece
+            raise
+
+    def _get_builtin_browser_info(cls, debugging_port: int, config_file: str, logger: Optional[AsyncLogger] = None) -> Optional[Dict[str, Any]]:
+        """Get information about the built-in browser for a specific debugging port.
+        
+        Args:
+            debugging_port: The debugging port to look for
+            config_file: Path to the config file
+            logger: Optional logger for recording events
+            
+        Returns:
+            dict: Browser information or None if no running browser is configured for this port
+        """
+        if not os.path.exists(config_file):
+            return None
+            
+        try:
+            with open(config_file, 'r') as f:
+                browser_info_dict = json.load(f)
+            
+            # Get browser info from port map
+            if isinstance(browser_info_dict, dict) and "port_map" in browser_info_dict:
+                port_str = str(debugging_port)
+                if port_str in browser_info_dict["port_map"]:
+                    browser_info = browser_info_dict["port_map"][port_str]
+                    
+                    # Check if the browser is still running
+                    pids = browser_info.get('pid', '')
+                    if isinstance(pids, str):
+                        pids = [int(pid) for pid in pids.split() if pid.isdigit()]
+                    elif isinstance(pids, int):
+                        pids = [pids]
+                    else:
+                        pids = []
+
+                    # Check if any of the PIDs are running
+                    if not pids:
+                        if logger:
+                            logger.warning(f"Built-in browser on port {debugging_port} has no valid PID", tag="BUILTIN")
+                        # Remove this port from the dictionary
+                        del browser_info_dict["port_map"][port_str]
+                        with open(config_file, 'w') as f:
+                            json.dump(browser_info_dict, f, indent=2)
+                        return None
+                    # Check if any of the PIDs are running
+                    for pid in pids:
+                        if is_browser_running(pid):
+                            browser_info['pid'] = pid
+                            break
+                    else:
+                        # If none of the PIDs are running, remove this port from the dictionary
+                        if logger:
+                            logger.warning(f"Built-in browser on port {debugging_port} is not running", tag="BUILTIN")
+                        # Remove this port from the dictionary
+                        del browser_info_dict["port_map"][port_str]
+                        with open(config_file, 'w') as f:
+                            json.dump(browser_info_dict, f, indent=2)
+                        return None
+                    
+                    return browser_info
+            
+            return None
+                
+        except Exception as e:
+            if logger:
+                logger.error(f"Error reading built-in browser config: {str(e)}", tag="BUILTIN")
+            return None
+            
+    def get_browser_info(self) -> Optional[Dict[str, Any]]:
+        """Get information about the current built-in browser instance.
+        
+        Returns:
+            dict: Browser information or None if no running browser is configured
+        """
+        return self._get_builtin_browser_info(
+            debugging_port=self.config.debugging_port,
+            config_file=self.builtin_config_file,
+            logger=self.logger
+        )
+    
+    async def launch_builtin_browser(self, 
+                               browser_type: str = "chromium",
+                               debugging_port: int = 9222,
+                               headless: bool = True) -> Optional[str]:
+        """Launch a browser in the background for use as the built-in browser.
+        
+        Args:
+            browser_type: Type of browser to launch ('chromium' or 'firefox')
+            debugging_port: Port to use for CDP debugging
+            headless: Whether to run in headless mode
+            
+        Returns:
+            str: CDP URL for the browser, or None if launch failed
+        """
+        # Check if there's an existing browser still running
+        browser_info = self._get_builtin_browser_info(
+            debugging_port=debugging_port,
+            config_file=self.builtin_config_file,
+            logger=self.logger
+        )
+        if browser_info:
+            if self.logger:
+                self.logger.info(f"Built-in browser is already running on port {debugging_port}", tag="BUILTIN")
+            return browser_info.get('cdp_url')
+        
+        # Create a user data directory for the built-in browser
+        user_data_dir = os.path.join(self.builtin_browser_dir, "user_data")
+     
+        # Raise error if user data dir is already engaged
+        if self._check_user_dir_is_engaged(user_data_dir):
+            raise Exception(f"User data directory {user_data_dir} is already engaged by another browser instance.")
+            
+        # Create the user data directory if it doesn't exist
+        os.makedirs(user_data_dir, exist_ok=True)
+        
+        # Prepare browser launch arguments
+        browser_args = super()._build_browser_args()
+        browser_path = await get_browser_executable(browser_type)
+        base_args = [browser_path]
+
+        if browser_type == "chromium":
+            args = [
+                browser_path,
+                f"--remote-debugging-port={debugging_port}",
+                f"--user-data-dir={user_data_dir}",
+            ]
+            # if headless:
+            #     args.append("--headless=new")
+
+        elif browser_type == "firefox":
+            args = [
+                browser_path,
+                "--remote-debugging-port",
+                str(debugging_port),
+                "--profile",
+                user_data_dir,
+            ]
+            if headless:
+                args.append("--headless")
+        else:
+            if self.logger:
+                self.logger.error(f"Browser type {browser_type} not supported for built-in browser", tag="BUILTIN")
+            return None
+        
+        args = base_args + browser_args + args
+        
+        try:
+
+            # Check if the port is already in use
+            PID = ""
+            cdp_url = f"http://localhost:{debugging_port}"
+            config_json = await self._check_port_in_use(cdp_url)
+            if config_json:
+                if self.logger:
+                    self.logger.info(f"Port {debugging_port} is already in use.", tag="BUILTIN")
+                PID = find_process_by_port(debugging_port)
+            else:
+                # Start the browser process detached
+                process = None
+                if is_windows():
+                    process = subprocess.Popen(
+                        args, 
+                        stdout=subprocess.PIPE, 
+                        stderr=subprocess.PIPE,
+                        creationflags=subprocess.DETACHED_PROCESS | subprocess.CREATE_NEW_PROCESS_GROUP
+                    )
+                else:
+                    process = subprocess.Popen(
+                        args, 
+                        stdout=subprocess.PIPE, 
+                        stderr=subprocess.PIPE,
+                        preexec_fn=os.setpgrp  # Start in a new process group
+                    )
+                
+                # Wait briefly to ensure the process starts successfully
+                await asyncio.sleep(2.0)
+                
+                # Check if the process is still running
+                if process and process.poll() is not None:
+                    if self.logger:
+                        self.logger.error(f"Browser process exited immediately with code {process.returncode}", tag="BUILTIN")
+                    return None
+            
+                PID = process.pid
+                # Construct CDP URL
+                config_json = await self._check_port_in_use(cdp_url)
+
+            
+            # Create browser info
+            browser_info = {
+                'pid': PID,
+                'cdp_url': cdp_url,
+                'user_data_dir': user_data_dir,
+                'browser_type': browser_type,
+                'debugging_port': debugging_port,
+                'start_time': time.time(),
+                'config': config_json
+            }
+            
+            # Read existing config file if it exists
+            port_map = {}
+            if os.path.exists(self.builtin_config_file):
+                try:
+                    with open(self.builtin_config_file, 'r') as f:
+                        existing_data = json.load(f)
+                    
+                    # Check if it already uses port mapping
+                    if isinstance(existing_data, dict) and "port_map" in existing_data:
+                        port_map = existing_data["port_map"]
+
+                    # # Convert legacy format to port mapping
+                    # elif isinstance(existing_data, dict) and "debugging_port" in existing_data:
+                    #     old_port = str(existing_data.get("debugging_port"))
+                    #     if self._is_browser_running(existing_data.get("pid")):
+                    #         port_map[old_port] = existing_data
+                except Exception as e:
+                    if self.logger:
+                        self.logger.warning(f"Could not read existing config: {str(e)}", tag="BUILTIN")
+            
+            # Add/update this browser in the port map
+            port_map[str(debugging_port)] = browser_info
+            
+            # Write updated config
+            with open(self.builtin_config_file, 'w') as f:
+                json.dump({"port_map": port_map}, f, indent=2)
+                
+            # Detach from the browser process - don't keep any references
+            # This is important to allow the Python script to exit while the browser continues running
+            process = None
+                
+            if self.logger:
+                self.logger.success(f"Built-in browser launched at CDP URL: {cdp_url}", tag="BUILTIN")
+            return cdp_url
+            
+        except Exception as e:
+            if self.logger:
+                self.logger.error(f"Error launching built-in browser: {str(e)}", tag="BUILTIN")
+            return None
+
+    async def _check_port_in_use(self, cdp_url: str) -> dict:
+        """Check if a port is already in use by a Chrome DevTools instance.
+        
+        Args:
+            cdp_url: The CDP URL to check
+            
+        Returns:
+            dict: Chrome DevTools protocol version information or None if not found
+        """
+        import aiohttp
+        json_url = f"{cdp_url}/json/version"
+        json_config = None
+        
+        try:
+            async with aiohttp.ClientSession() as session:
+                try:
+                    async with session.get(json_url, timeout=2.0) as response:
+                        if response.status == 200:
+                            json_config = await response.json()
+                            if self.logger:
+                                self.logger.debug(f"Found CDP server running at {cdp_url}", tag="BUILTIN")
+                            return json_config
+                except (aiohttp.ClientError, asyncio.TimeoutError):
+                    pass
+            return None
+        except Exception as e:
+            if self.logger:
+                self.logger.debug(f"Error checking CDP port: {str(e)}", tag="BUILTIN")
+            return None
+
+    async def kill_builtin_browser(self) -> bool:
+        """Kill the built-in browser if it's running.
+        
+        Returns:
+            bool: True if the browser was killed, False otherwise
+        """
+        browser_info = self.get_browser_info()
+        if not browser_info:
+            if self.logger:
+                self.logger.warning(f"No built-in browser found on port {self.config.debugging_port}", tag="BUILTIN")
+            return False
+            
+        pid = browser_info.get('pid')
+        if not pid:
+            return False
+            
+        success, error_msg = terminate_process(pid, logger=self.logger)
+        if success:
+            # Update config file to remove this browser
+            with open(self.builtin_config_file, 'r') as f:
+                browser_info_dict = json.load(f)
+
+            # Remove this port from the dictionary
+            port_str = str(self.config.debugging_port)
+            if port_str in browser_info_dict.get("port_map", {}):
+                del browser_info_dict["port_map"][port_str]
+
+            with open(self.builtin_config_file, 'w') as f:
+                json.dump(browser_info_dict, f, indent=2)
+
+            # Remove user data directory if it exists
+            if os.path.exists(self.builtin_browser_dir):
+                shutil.rmtree(self.builtin_browser_dir)
+
+            # Clear the browser info cache
+            self.browser = None
+            self.temp_dir = None
+            self.shutting_down = True
+                
+            if self.logger:
+                self.logger.success("Built-in browser terminated", tag="BUILTIN")
+            return True
+        else:
+            if self.logger:
+                self.logger.error(f"Error killing built-in browser: {error_msg}", tag="BUILTIN")
+            return False
+    
+    async def get_builtin_browser_status(self) -> Dict[str, Any]:
+        """Get status information about the built-in browser.
+        
+        Returns:
+            dict: Status information with running, cdp_url, and info fields
+        """
+        browser_info = self.get_browser_info()
+        
+        if not browser_info:
+            return {
+                'running': False,
+                'cdp_url': None,
+                'info': None,
+                'port': self.config.debugging_port
+            }
+            
+        return {
+            'running': True,
+            'cdp_url': browser_info.get('cdp_url'),
+            'info': browser_info,
+            'port': self.config.debugging_port
+        }
+
+    async def close(self):
+        """Close the built-in browser and clean up resources."""
+        # Call parent class close method
+        await super().close()
+        
+        # Clean up built-in browser if we created it and were in shutdown mode
+        if self.shutting_down:
+            await self.kill_builtin_browser()
+            if self.logger:
+                self.logger.debug("Killed built-in browser during shutdown", tag="BUILTIN")

crawl4ai/browser/strategies/cdp.py

@@ -0,0 +1,281 @@
+"""Browser strategies module for Crawl4AI.
+
+This module implements the browser strategy pattern for different
+browser implementations, including Playwright, CDP, and builtin browsers.
+"""
+
+import asyncio
+import os
+import time
+import json
+import subprocess
+import shutil
+from typing import Optional, Tuple, List
+
+from playwright.async_api import BrowserContext, Page
+
+from ...async_logger import AsyncLogger
+from ...async_configs import BrowserConfig, CrawlerRunConfig
+from ..utils import get_playwright, get_browser_executable, create_temp_directory, is_windows, check_process_is_running, terminate_process
+
+from .base import BaseBrowserStrategy
+
+class CDPBrowserStrategy(BaseBrowserStrategy):
+    """CDP-based browser strategy.
+    
+    This strategy connects to an existing browser using CDP protocol or
+    launches and connects to a browser using CDP.
+    """
+    
+    def __init__(self, config: BrowserConfig, logger: Optional[AsyncLogger] = None):
+        """Initialize the CDP browser strategy.
+        
+        Args:
+            config: Browser configuration
+            logger: Logger for recording events and errors
+        """
+        super().__init__(config, logger)
+        self.sessions = {}
+        self.session_ttl = 1800  # 30 minutes
+        self.browser_process = None
+        self.temp_dir = None
+        self.shutting_down = False
+        
+    async def start(self):
+        """Start or connect to the browser using CDP.
+        
+        Returns:
+            self: For method chaining
+        """
+        # Call the base class start to initialize Playwright
+        await super().start()
+        
+        try:
+            # Get or create CDP URL
+            cdp_url = await self._get_or_create_cdp_url()
+            
+            # Connect to the browser using CDP
+            self.browser = await self.playwright.chromium.connect_over_cdp(cdp_url)
+            
+            # Get or create default context
+            contexts = self.browser.contexts
+            if contexts:
+                self.default_context = contexts[0]
+            else:
+                self.default_context = await self.create_browser_context()
+            
+            await self.setup_context(self.default_context)
+            
+            if self.logger:
+                self.logger.debug(f"Connected to CDP browser at {cdp_url}", tag="CDP")
+
+        except Exception as e:
+            if self.logger:
+                self.logger.error(f"Failed to connect to CDP browser: {str(e)}", tag="CDP")
+
+            # Clean up any resources before re-raising
+            await self._cleanup_process()
+            raise
+            
+        return self
+    
+    async def _get_or_create_cdp_url(self) -> str:
+        """Get existing CDP URL or launch a browser and return its CDP URL.
+        
+        Returns:
+            str: CDP URL for connecting to the browser
+        """
+        # If CDP URL is provided, just return it
+        if self.config.cdp_url:
+            return self.config.cdp_url
+
+        # Create temp dir if needed
+        if not self.config.user_data_dir:
+            self.temp_dir = create_temp_directory()
+            user_data_dir = self.temp_dir
+        else:
+            user_data_dir = self.config.user_data_dir
+
+        # Get browser args based on OS and browser type
+        # args = await self._get_browser_args(user_data_dir)
+        browser_args = super()._build_browser_args()
+        browser_path = await get_browser_executable(self.config.browser_type)
+        base_args = [browser_path]
+
+        if self.config.browser_type == "chromium":
+            args = [
+                f"--remote-debugging-port={self.config.debugging_port}",
+                f"--user-data-dir={user_data_dir}",
+            ]
+            # if self.config.headless:
+            #     args.append("--headless=new")
+
+        elif self.config.browser_type == "firefox":
+            args = [
+                "--remote-debugging-port",
+                str(self.config.debugging_port),
+                "--profile",
+                user_data_dir,
+            ]
+            if self.config.headless:
+                args.append("--headless")
+        else:
+            raise NotImplementedError(f"Browser type {self.config.browser_type} not supported")
+
+        args = base_args + browser_args['args'] + args         
+
+        # Start browser process
+        try:
+            # Use DETACHED_PROCESS flag on Windows to fully detach the process
+            # On Unix, we'll use preexec_fn=os.setpgrp to start the process in a new process group
+            if is_windows():
+                self.browser_process = subprocess.Popen(
+                    args, 
+                    stdout=subprocess.PIPE, 
+                    stderr=subprocess.PIPE,
+                    creationflags=subprocess.DETACHED_PROCESS | subprocess.CREATE_NEW_PROCESS_GROUP
+                )
+            else:
+                self.browser_process = subprocess.Popen(
+                    args, 
+                    stdout=subprocess.PIPE, 
+                    stderr=subprocess.PIPE,
+                    preexec_fn=os.setpgrp  # Start in a new process group
+                )
+                
+            # Monitor for a short time to make sure it starts properly
+            is_running, return_code, stdout, stderr = await check_process_is_running(self.browser_process, delay=2)
+            if not is_running:
+                if self.logger:
+                    self.logger.error(
+                        message="Browser process terminated unexpectedly | Code: {code} | STDOUT: {stdout} | STDERR: {stderr}",
+                        tag="ERROR",
+                        params={
+                            "code": return_code,
+                            "stdout": stdout.decode() if stdout else "",
+                            "stderr": stderr.decode() if stderr else "",
+                        },
+                    )
+                await self._cleanup_process()
+                raise Exception("Browser process terminated unexpectedly")
+
+            return f"http://localhost:{self.config.debugging_port}"
+        except Exception as e:
+            await self._cleanup_process()
+            raise Exception(f"Failed to start browser: {e}")    
+
+    async def _cleanup_process(self):
+        """Cleanup browser process and temporary directory."""
+        # Set shutting_down flag BEFORE any termination actions
+        self.shutting_down = True
+
+        if self.browser_process:
+            try:
+                # Only attempt termination if the process is still running
+                if self.browser_process.poll() is None:
+                    # Use our robust cross-platform termination utility
+                    success = terminate_process(
+                        pid=self.browser_process.pid,
+                        timeout=1.0,  # Equivalent to the previous 10*0.1s wait
+                        logger=self.logger
+                    )
+                    
+                    if not success and self.logger:
+                        self.logger.warning(
+                            message="Failed to terminate browser process cleanly",
+                            tag="PROCESS"
+                        )
+                        
+            except Exception as e:
+                if self.logger:
+                    self.logger.error(
+                        message="Error during browser process cleanup: {error}",
+                        tag="ERROR",
+                        params={"error": str(e)},
+                    )
+
+        if self.temp_dir and os.path.exists(self.temp_dir):
+            try:
+                shutil.rmtree(self.temp_dir)
+                self.temp_dir = None
+                if self.logger:
+                    self.logger.debug("Removed temporary directory", tag="CDP")
+            except Exception as e:
+                if self.logger:
+                    self.logger.error(
+                        message="Error removing temporary directory: {error}",
+                        tag="CDP",
+                        params={"error": str(e)}
+                    )
+
+        self.browser_process = None
+    
+    async def _generate_page(self, crawlerRunConfig: CrawlerRunConfig) -> Tuple[Page, BrowserContext]:
+        # For CDP, we typically use the shared default_context
+        context = self.default_context
+        pages = context.pages
+        
+        # Otherwise, check if we have an existing context for this config
+        config_signature = self._make_config_signature(crawlerRunConfig)
+        self.contexts_by_config[config_signature] = context
+
+        await self.setup_context(context, crawlerRunConfig)
+
+        # Check if there's already a page with the target URL
+        page = next((p for p in pages if p.url == crawlerRunConfig.url), None)
+        
+        # If not found, create a new page
+        if not page:
+            page = await context.new_page()
+        
+        return page, context
+
+    async def _get_page(self, crawlerRunConfig: CrawlerRunConfig) -> Tuple[Page, BrowserContext]:
+        """Get a page for the given configuration.
+        
+        Args:
+            crawlerRunConfig: Configuration object for the crawler run
+            
+        Returns:
+            Tuple of (Page, BrowserContext)
+        """
+        # Call parent method to ensure browser is started
+        await super().get_page(crawlerRunConfig)
+        
+        # For CDP, we typically use the shared default_context
+        context = self.default_context
+        pages = context.pages
+        
+        # Otherwise, check if we have an existing context for this config
+        config_signature = self._make_config_signature(crawlerRunConfig)
+        self.contexts_by_config[config_signature] = context
+
+        await self.setup_context(context, crawlerRunConfig)
+
+        # Check if there's already a page with the target URL
+        page = next((p for p in pages if p.url == crawlerRunConfig.url), None)
+        
+        # If not found, create a new page
+        if not page:
+            page = await context.new_page()
+        
+        # If a session_id is specified, store this session for reuse
+        if crawlerRunConfig.session_id:
+            self.sessions[crawlerRunConfig.session_id] = (context, page, time.time())
+        
+        return page, context
+
+    async def close(self):
+        """Close the CDP browser and clean up resources."""
+        # Skip cleanup if using external CDP URL and not launched by us
+        if self.config.cdp_url and not self.browser_process:
+            if self.logger:
+                self.logger.debug("Skipping cleanup for external CDP browser", tag="CDP")
+            return
+        
+        # Call parent implementation for common cleanup
+        await super().close()
+        
+        # Additional CDP-specific cleanup
+        await asyncio.sleep(0.5)
+        await self._cleanup_process()

crawl4ai/browser/strategies/docker_strategy.py

@@ -0,0 +1,430 @@
+"""Docker browser strategy module for Crawl4AI.
+
+This module provides browser strategies for running browsers in Docker containers,
+which offers better isolation, consistency across platforms, and easy scaling.
+"""
+
+import os
+import uuid
+from typing import List, Optional
+
+
+from ...async_logger import AsyncLogger
+from ...async_configs import BrowserConfig
+from ..models import DockerConfig
+from ..docker_registry import DockerRegistry
+from ..docker_utils import DockerUtils
+from .builtin import CDPBrowserStrategy
+from .base import BaseBrowserStrategy
+
+class DockerBrowserStrategy(CDPBrowserStrategy):
+    """Docker-based browser strategy.
+
+    Extends the CDPBrowserStrategy to run browsers in Docker containers.
+    Supports two modes:
+    1. "connect" - Uses a Docker image with Chrome already running
+    2. "launch" - Starts Chrome within the container with custom settings
+
+    Attributes:
+        docker_config: Docker-specific configuration options
+        container_id: ID of current Docker container
+        container_name: Name assigned to the container
+        registry: Registry for tracking and reusing containers
+        docker_utils: Utilities for Docker operations
+        chrome_process_id: Process ID of Chrome within container
+        socat_process_id: Process ID of socat within container
+        internal_cdp_port: Chrome's internal CDP port
+        internal_mapped_port: Port that socat maps to internally
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, config: BrowserConfig, logger: Optional[AsyncLogger] = None):
+        """Initialize the Docker browser strategy.
+
+        Args:
+            config: Browser configuration including Docker-specific settings
+            logger: Logger for recording events and errors
+        """
+        super().__init__(config, logger)
+
+        # Initialize Docker-specific attributes
+        self.docker_config = self.config.docker_config or DockerConfig()
+        self.container_id = None
+        self.container_name = f"crawl4ai-browser-{uuid.uuid4().hex[:8]}"
+
+        # Use the shared registry file path for consistency with BuiltinBrowserStrategy
+        registry_file = self.docker_config.registry_file
+        if registry_file is None and self.config.user_data_dir:
+            # Use the same registry file as BuiltinBrowserStrategy if possible
+            registry_file = os.path.join(
+                os.path.dirname(self.config.user_data_dir), "browser_config.json"
+            )
+
+        self.registry = DockerRegistry(self.docker_config.registry_file)
+        self.docker_utils = DockerUtils(logger)
+        self.chrome_process_id = None
+        self.socat_process_id = None
+        self.internal_cdp_port = 9222  # Chrome's internal CDP port
+        self.internal_mapped_port = 9223  # Port that socat maps to internally
+        self.shutting_down = False
+
+    async def start(self):
+        """Start or connect to a browser running in a Docker container.
+
+        This method initializes Playwright and establishes a connection to
+        a browser running in a Docker container. Depending on the configured mode:
+        - "connect": Connects to a container with Chrome already running
+        - "launch": Creates a container and launches Chrome within it
+
+        Returns:
+            self: For method chaining
+        """
+        # Initialize Playwright
+        await BaseBrowserStrategy.start(self)
+
+        if self.logger:
+            self.logger.info(
+                f"Starting Docker browser strategy in {self.docker_config.mode} mode",
+                tag="DOCKER",
+            )
+
+        try:
+            # Get CDP URL by creating or reusing a Docker container
+            # This handles the container management and browser startup
+            cdp_url = await self._get_or_create_cdp_url()
+
+            if not cdp_url:
+                raise Exception(
+                    "Failed to establish CDP connection to Docker container"
+                )
+
+            if self.logger:
+                self.logger.info(
+                    f"Connecting to browser in Docker via CDP: {cdp_url}", tag="DOCKER"
+                )
+
+            # Connect to the browser using CDP
+            self.browser = await self.playwright.chromium.connect_over_cdp(cdp_url)
+
+            # Get existing context or create default context
+            contexts = self.browser.contexts
+            if contexts:
+                self.default_context = contexts[0]
+                if self.logger:
+                    self.logger.debug("Using existing browser context", tag="DOCKER")
+            else:
+                if self.logger:
+                    self.logger.debug("Creating new browser context", tag="DOCKER")
+                self.default_context = await self.create_browser_context()
+                await self.setup_context(self.default_context)
+
+            return self
+
+        except Exception as e:
+            # Clean up resources if startup fails
+            if self.container_id and not self.docker_config.persistent:
+                if self.logger:
+                    self.logger.warning(
+                        f"Cleaning up container after failed start: {self.container_id[:12]}",
+                        tag="DOCKER",
+                    )
+                await self.docker_utils.remove_container(self.container_id)
+                self.registry.unregister_container(self.container_id)
+                self.container_id = None
+
+            if self.playwright:
+                await self.playwright.stop()
+                self.playwright = None
+
+            # Re-raise the exception
+            if self.logger:
+                self.logger.error(
+                    f"Failed to start Docker browser: {str(e)}", tag="DOCKER"
+                )
+            raise
+
+    async def _generate_config_hash(self) -> str:
+        """Generate a hash of the configuration for container matching.
+
+        Returns:
+            Hash string uniquely identifying this configuration
+        """
+        # Create a dict with the relevant parts of the config
+        config_dict = {
+            "image": self.docker_config.image,
+            "mode": self.docker_config.mode,
+            "browser_type": self.config.browser_type,
+            "headless": self.config.headless,
+        }
+
+        # Add browser-specific config if in launch mode
+        if self.docker_config.mode == "launch":
+            config_dict.update(
+                {
+                    "text_mode": self.config.text_mode,
+                    "light_mode": self.config.light_mode,
+                    "viewport_width": self.config.viewport_width,
+                    "viewport_height": self.config.viewport_height,
+                }
+            )
+
+        # Use the utility method to generate the hash
+        return self.docker_utils.generate_config_hash(config_dict)
+
+    async def _get_or_create_cdp_url(self) -> str:
+        """Get CDP URL by either creating a new container or using an existing one.
+
+        Returns:
+            CDP URL for connecting to the browser
+
+        Raises:
+            Exception: If container creation or browser launch fails
+        """
+        # If CDP URL is explicitly provided, use it
+        if self.config.cdp_url:
+            return self.config.cdp_url
+
+        # Ensure Docker image exists (will build if needed)
+        image_name = await self.docker_utils.ensure_docker_image_exists(
+            self.docker_config.image, self.docker_config.mode
+        )
+
+        # Generate config hash for container matching
+        config_hash = await self._generate_config_hash()
+
+        # Look for existing container with matching config
+        container_id = await self.registry.find_container_by_config(
+            config_hash, self.docker_utils
+        )
+
+        if container_id:
+            # Use existing container
+            self.container_id = container_id
+            host_port = self.registry.get_container_host_port(container_id)
+            if self.logger:
+                self.logger.info(
+                    f"Using existing Docker container: {container_id[:12]}",
+                    tag="DOCKER",
+                )
+        else:
+            # Get a port for the new container
+            host_port = (
+                self.docker_config.host_port
+                or self.registry.get_next_available_port(self.docker_utils)
+            )
+
+            # Prepare volumes list
+            volumes = list(self.docker_config.volumes)
+
+            # Add user data directory if specified
+            if self.docker_config.user_data_dir:
+                # Ensure user data directory exists
+                os.makedirs(self.docker_config.user_data_dir, exist_ok=True)
+                volumes.append(
+                    f"{self.docker_config.user_data_dir}:{self.docker_config.container_user_data_dir}"
+                )
+
+                # # Update config user_data_dir to point to container path
+                # self.config.user_data_dir = self.docker_config.container_user_data_dir
+
+            # Create a new container
+            container_id = await self.docker_utils.create_container(
+                image_name=image_name,
+                host_port=host_port,
+                container_name=self.container_name,
+                volumes=volumes,
+                network=self.docker_config.network,
+                env_vars=self.docker_config.env_vars,
+                cpu_limit=self.docker_config.cpu_limit,
+                memory_limit=self.docker_config.memory_limit,
+                extra_args=self.docker_config.extra_args,
+            )
+
+            if not container_id:
+                raise Exception("Failed to create Docker container")
+
+            self.container_id = container_id
+
+            # Wait for container to be ready
+            await self.docker_utils.wait_for_container_ready(container_id)
+
+            # Handle specific setup based on mode
+            if self.docker_config.mode == "launch":
+                # In launch mode, we need to start socat and Chrome
+                await self.docker_utils.start_socat_in_container(container_id)
+
+                # Build browser arguments
+                browser_args = self._build_browser_args()
+
+                # Launch Chrome
+                await self.docker_utils.launch_chrome_in_container(
+                    container_id, browser_args
+                )
+
+                # Get PIDs for later cleanup
+                self.chrome_process_id = (
+                    await self.docker_utils.get_process_id_in_container(
+                        container_id, "chromium"
+                    )
+                )
+                self.socat_process_id = (
+                    await self.docker_utils.get_process_id_in_container(
+                        container_id, "socat"
+                    )
+                )
+
+            # Wait for CDP to be ready
+            cdp_json_config = await self.docker_utils.wait_for_cdp_ready(host_port)
+
+            if cdp_json_config:
+                # Register the container in the shared registry
+                self.registry.register_container(
+                    container_id, host_port, config_hash, cdp_json_config
+                )
+            else:
+                raise Exception("Failed to get CDP JSON config from Docker container")
+
+            if self.logger:
+                self.logger.success(
+                    f"Docker container ready: {container_id[:12]} on port {host_port}",
+                    tag="DOCKER",
+                )
+
+        # Return CDP URL
+        return f"http://localhost:{host_port}"
+
+    def _build_browser_args(self) -> List[str]:
+        """Build Chrome command line arguments based on BrowserConfig.
+
+        Returns:
+            List of command line arguments for Chrome
+        """
+        # Call parent method to get common arguments
+        browser_args = super()._build_browser_args()
+        return browser_args["args"] + [
+            f"--remote-debugging-port={self.internal_cdp_port}",
+            "--remote-debugging-address=0.0.0.0",  # Allow external connections
+            "--disable-dev-shm-usage",
+            "--headless=new",
+        ]
+
+        # args = [
+        #     "--no-sandbox",
+        #     "--disable-gpu",
+        #     f"--remote-debugging-port={self.internal_cdp_port}",
+        #     "--remote-debugging-address=0.0.0.0",  # Allow external connections
+        #     "--disable-dev-shm-usage",
+        # ]
+
+        # if self.config.headless:
+        #     args.append("--headless=new")
+
+        # if self.config.viewport_width and self.config.viewport_height:
+        #     args.append(f"--window-size={self.config.viewport_width},{self.config.viewport_height}")
+
+        # if self.config.user_agent:
+        #     args.append(f"--user-agent={self.config.user_agent}")
+
+        # if self.config.text_mode:
+        #     args.extend([
+        #         "--blink-settings=imagesEnabled=false",
+        #         "--disable-remote-fonts",
+        #         "--disable-images",
+        #         "--disable-javascript",
+        #     ])
+
+        # if self.config.light_mode:
+        #     # Import here to avoid circular import
+        #     from ..utils import get_browser_disable_options
+        #     args.extend(get_browser_disable_options())
+
+        # if self.config.user_data_dir:
+        #     args.append(f"--user-data-dir={self.config.user_data_dir}")
+
+        # if self.config.extra_args:
+        #     args.extend(self.config.extra_args)
+
+        # return args
+
+    async def close(self):
+        """Close the browser and clean up Docker container if needed."""
+        # Set flag to track if we were the ones initiating shutdown
+        initiated_shutdown = not self.shutting_down
+        # Storage persistence for Docker needs special handling
+        # We need to store state before calling super().close() which will close the browser
+        if (
+            self.browser
+            and self.docker_config.user_data_dir
+            and self.docker_config.persistent
+        ):
+            for context in self.browser.contexts:
+                try:
+                    # Ensure directory exists
+                    os.makedirs(self.docker_config.user_data_dir, exist_ok=True)
+
+                    # Save storage state to user data directory
+                    storage_path = os.path.join(
+                        self.docker_config.user_data_dir, "storage_state.json"
+                    )
+                    await context.storage_state(path=storage_path)
+                    if self.logger:
+                        self.logger.debug(
+                            "Persisted Docker-specific storage state", tag="DOCKER"
+                        )
+                except Exception as e:
+                    if self.logger:
+                        self.logger.warning(
+                            message="Failed to persist Docker storage state: {error}",
+                            tag="DOCKER",
+                            params={"error": str(e)},
+                        )
+
+        # Call parent method to handle common cleanup
+        await super().close()
+
+        # Only perform container cleanup if we initiated shutdown
+        # and we need to handle Docker-specific resources
+        if initiated_shutdown:
+            # Only clean up container if not persistent
+            if self.container_id and not self.docker_config.persistent:
+                # Stop Chrome process in "launch" mode
+                if self.docker_config.mode == "launch" and self.chrome_process_id:
+                    await self.docker_utils.stop_process_in_container(
+                        self.container_id, self.chrome_process_id
+                    )
+                    if self.logger:
+                        self.logger.debug(
+                            f"Stopped Chrome process {self.chrome_process_id} in container",
+                            tag="DOCKER",
+                        )
+
+                # Stop socat process in "launch" mode
+                if self.docker_config.mode == "launch" and self.socat_process_id:
+                    await self.docker_utils.stop_process_in_container(
+                        self.container_id, self.socat_process_id
+                    )
+                    if self.logger:
+                        self.logger.debug(
+                            f"Stopped socat process {self.socat_process_id} in container",
+                            tag="DOCKER",
+                        )
+
+                # Remove or stop container based on configuration
+                if self.docker_config.remove_on_exit:
+                    await self.docker_utils.remove_container(self.container_id)
+                    # Unregister from registry
+                    if hasattr(self, "registry") and self.registry:
+                        self.registry.unregister_container(self.container_id)
+                    if self.logger:
+                        self.logger.debug(
+                            f"Removed Docker container {self.container_id}",
+                            tag="DOCKER",
+                        )
+                else:
+                    await self.docker_utils.stop_container(self.container_id)
+                    if self.logger:
+                        self.logger.debug(
+                            f"Stopped Docker container {self.container_id}",
+                            tag="DOCKER",
+                        )
+
+                self.container_id = None

crawl4ai/browser/strategies/playwright.py

@@ -0,0 +1,134 @@
+"""Browser strategies module for Crawl4AI.
+
+This module implements the browser strategy pattern for different
+browser implementations, including Playwright, CDP, and builtin browsers.
+"""
+
+import time
+from typing import Optional, Tuple
+
+from playwright.async_api import BrowserContext, Page
+
+from ...async_logger import AsyncLogger
+from ...async_configs import BrowserConfig, CrawlerRunConfig
+
+from playwright_stealth import StealthConfig
+
+from .base import BaseBrowserStrategy
+
+stealth_config = StealthConfig(
+    webdriver=True,
+    chrome_app=True,
+    chrome_csi=True,
+    chrome_load_times=True,
+    chrome_runtime=True,
+    navigator_languages=True,
+    navigator_plugins=True,
+    navigator_permissions=True,
+    webgl_vendor=True,
+    outerdimensions=True,
+    navigator_hardware_concurrency=True,
+    media_codecs=True,
+)
+
+class PlaywrightBrowserStrategy(BaseBrowserStrategy):
+    """Standard Playwright browser strategy.
+    
+    This strategy launches a new browser instance using Playwright
+    and manages browser contexts.
+    """
+    
+    def __init__(self, config: BrowserConfig, logger: Optional[AsyncLogger] = None):
+        """Initialize the Playwright browser strategy.
+        
+        Args:
+            config: Browser configuration
+            logger: Logger for recording events and errors
+        """
+        super().__init__(config, logger)
+        # No need to re-initialize sessions and session_ttl as they're now in the base class
+    
+    async def start(self):
+        """Start the browser instance.
+        
+        Returns:
+            self: For method chaining
+        """
+        # Call the base class start to initialize Playwright
+        await super().start()
+        
+        # Build browser arguments using the base class method
+        browser_args = self._build_browser_args()
+        
+        try:
+            # Launch appropriate browser type
+            if self.config.browser_type == "firefox":
+                self.browser = await self.playwright.firefox.launch(**browser_args)
+            elif self.config.browser_type == "webkit":
+                self.browser = await self.playwright.webkit.launch(**browser_args)
+            else:
+                self.browser = await self.playwright.chromium.launch(**browser_args)
+                
+            self.default_context = self.browser
+            
+            if self.logger:
+                self.logger.debug(f"Launched {self.config.browser_type} browser", tag="BROWSER")
+                
+        except Exception as e:
+            if self.logger:
+                self.logger.error(f"Failed to launch browser: {str(e)}", tag="BROWSER")
+            raise
+            
+        return self
+
+    async def _generate_page(self, crawlerRunConfig: CrawlerRunConfig) -> Tuple[Page, BrowserContext]:
+        # Otherwise, check if we have an existing context for this config
+        config_signature = self._make_config_signature(crawlerRunConfig)
+        
+        async with self._contexts_lock:
+            if config_signature in self.contexts_by_config:
+                context = self.contexts_by_config[config_signature]
+            else:
+                # Create and setup a new context
+                context = await self.create_browser_context(crawlerRunConfig)
+                await self.setup_context(context, crawlerRunConfig)
+                self.contexts_by_config[config_signature] = context
+
+        # Create a new page from the chosen context
+        page = await context.new_page()
+        
+        return page, context
+
+    async def _get_page(self, crawlerRunConfig: CrawlerRunConfig) -> Tuple[Page, BrowserContext]:
+        """Get a page for the given configuration.
+        
+        Args:
+            crawlerRunConfig: Configuration object for the crawler run
+            
+        Returns:
+            Tuple of (Page, BrowserContext)
+        """
+        # Call parent method to ensure browser is started
+        await super().get_page(crawlerRunConfig)
+        
+        # Otherwise, check if we have an existing context for this config
+        config_signature = self._make_config_signature(crawlerRunConfig)
+        
+        async with self._contexts_lock:
+            if config_signature in self.contexts_by_config:
+                context = self.contexts_by_config[config_signature]
+            else:
+                # Create and setup a new context
+                context = await self.create_browser_context(crawlerRunConfig)
+                await self.setup_context(context, crawlerRunConfig)
+                self.contexts_by_config[config_signature] = context
+
+        # Create a new page from the chosen context
+        page = await context.new_page()
+        
+        # If a session_id is specified, store this session so we can reuse later
+        if crawlerRunConfig.session_id:
+            self.sessions[crawlerRunConfig.session_id] = (context, page, time.time())
+            
+        return page, context
+        

crawl4ai/browser/utils.py

@@ -0,0 +1,465 @@
+"""Browser utilities module for Crawl4AI.
+
+This module provides utility functions for browser management,
+including process management, CDP connection utilities,
+and Playwright instance management.
+"""
+
+import asyncio
+import os
+import sys
+import time
+import tempfile
+import subprocess
+from typing import Optional, Tuple, Union
+import signal
+import psutil
+
+from playwright.async_api import async_playwright
+
+from ..utils import get_chromium_path
+from ..async_configs import BrowserConfig, CrawlerRunConfig
+
+from ..async_logger import AsyncLogger
+
+
+_playwright_instance = None
+
+async def get_playwright():
+    """Get or create the Playwright instance (singleton pattern).
+    
+    Returns:
+        Playwright: The Playwright instance
+    """
+    global _playwright_instance
+    if _playwright_instance is None or True:
+        _playwright_instance = await async_playwright().start()
+    return _playwright_instance
+
+async def get_browser_executable(browser_type: str) -> str:
+    """Get the path to browser executable, with platform-specific handling.
+    
+    Args:
+        browser_type: Type of browser (chromium, firefox, webkit)
+        
+    Returns:
+        Path to browser executable
+    """
+    return await get_chromium_path(browser_type)
+
+def create_temp_directory(prefix="browser-profile-") -> str:
+    """Create a temporary directory for browser data.
+    
+    Args:
+        prefix: Prefix for the temporary directory name
+        
+    Returns:
+        Path to the created temporary directory
+    """
+    return tempfile.mkdtemp(prefix=prefix)
+
+def is_windows() -> bool:
+    """Check if the current platform is Windows.
+    
+    Returns:
+        True if Windows, False otherwise
+    """
+    return sys.platform == "win32"
+
+def is_macos() -> bool:
+    """Check if the current platform is macOS.
+    
+    Returns:
+        True if macOS, False otherwise
+    """
+    return sys.platform == "darwin"
+
+def is_linux() -> bool:
+    """Check if the current platform is Linux.
+    
+    Returns:
+        True if Linux, False otherwise
+    """
+    return not (is_windows() or is_macos())
+    
+def is_browser_running(pid: Optional[int]) -> bool:
+    """Check if a process with the given PID is running.
+    
+    Args:
+        pid: Process ID to check
+        
+    Returns:
+        bool: True if the process is running, False otherwise
+    """
+    if not pid:
+        return False
+        
+    try:
+        if type(pid) is str:
+            pid = int(pid)
+        # Check if the process exists
+        if is_windows():
+            process = subprocess.run(["tasklist", "/FI", f"PID eq {pid}"], 
+                                     capture_output=True, text=True)
+            return str(pid) in process.stdout
+        else:
+            # Unix-like systems
+            os.kill(pid, 0)  # This doesn't actually kill the process, just checks if it exists
+        return True
+    except (ProcessLookupError, PermissionError, OSError):
+        return False
+
+def get_browser_disable_options() -> list:
+    """Get standard list of browser disable options for performance.
+    
+    Returns:
+        List of command-line options to disable various browser features
+    """
+    return [
+        "--disable-background-networking",
+        "--disable-background-timer-throttling",
+        "--disable-backgrounding-occluded-windows",
+        "--disable-breakpad",
+        "--disable-client-side-phishing-detection",
+        "--disable-component-extensions-with-background-pages",
+        "--disable-default-apps",
+        "--disable-extensions",
+        "--disable-features=TranslateUI",
+        "--disable-hang-monitor",
+        "--disable-ipc-flooding-protection",
+        "--disable-popup-blocking",
+        "--disable-prompt-on-repost",
+        "--disable-sync",
+        "--force-color-profile=srgb",
+        "--metrics-recording-only",
+        "--no-first-run",
+        "--password-store=basic",
+        "--use-mock-keychain",
+    ]
+
+
+async def find_optimal_browser_config(total_urls=50, verbose=True, rate_limit_delay=0.2):
+    """Find optimal browser configuration for crawling a specific number of URLs.
+    
+    Args:
+        total_urls: Number of URLs to crawl
+        verbose: Whether to print progress
+        rate_limit_delay: Delay between page loads to avoid rate limiting
+        
+    Returns:
+        dict: Contains fastest, lowest_memory, and optimal configurations
+    """
+    from .manager import BrowserManager
+    if verbose:
+        print(f"\n=== Finding optimal configuration for crawling {total_urls} URLs ===\n")
+    
+    # Generate test URLs with timestamp to avoid caching
+    timestamp = int(time.time())
+    urls = [f"https://example.com/page_{i}?t={timestamp}" for i in range(total_urls)]
+    
+    # Limit browser configurations to test (1 browser to max 10)
+    max_browsers = min(10, total_urls)
+    configs_to_test = []
+    
+    # Generate configurations (browser count, pages distribution)
+    for num_browsers in range(1, max_browsers + 1):
+        base_pages = total_urls // num_browsers
+        remainder = total_urls % num_browsers
+        
+        # Create distribution array like [3, 3, 2, 2] (some browsers get one more page)
+        if remainder > 0:
+            distribution = [base_pages + 1] * remainder + [base_pages] * (num_browsers - remainder)
+        else:
+            distribution = [base_pages] * num_browsers
+            
+        configs_to_test.append((num_browsers, distribution))
+    
+    results = []
+    
+    # Test each configuration
+    for browser_count, page_distribution in configs_to_test:
+        if verbose:
+            print(f"Testing {browser_count} browsers with distribution {tuple(page_distribution)}")
+        
+        try:
+            # Track memory if possible
+            try:
+                import psutil
+                process = psutil.Process()
+                start_memory = process.memory_info().rss / (1024 * 1024)  # MB
+            except ImportError:
+                if verbose: 
+                    print("Memory tracking not available (psutil not installed)")
+                start_memory = 0
+            
+            # Start browsers in parallel
+            managers = []
+            start_tasks = []
+            start_time = time.time()
+
+            logger = AsyncLogger(verbose=True, log_file=None)
+            
+            for i in range(browser_count):
+                config = BrowserConfig(headless=True)
+                manager = BrowserManager(browser_config=config, logger=logger)
+                start_tasks.append(manager.start())
+                managers.append(manager)
+            
+            await asyncio.gather(*start_tasks)
+            
+            # Distribute URLs among browsers
+            urls_per_manager = {}
+            url_index = 0
+            
+            for i, manager in enumerate(managers):
+                pages_for_this_browser = page_distribution[i]
+                end_index = url_index + pages_for_this_browser
+                urls_per_manager[manager] = urls[url_index:end_index]
+                url_index = end_index
+            
+            # Create pages for each browser
+            all_pages = []
+            for manager, manager_urls in urls_per_manager.items():
+                if not manager_urls:
+                    continue
+                pages = await manager.get_pages(CrawlerRunConfig(), count=len(manager_urls))
+                all_pages.extend(zip(pages, manager_urls))
+            
+            # Crawl pages with delay to avoid rate limiting
+            async def crawl_page(page_ctx, url):
+                page, _ = page_ctx
+                try:
+                    await page.goto(url)
+                    if rate_limit_delay > 0:
+                        await asyncio.sleep(rate_limit_delay)
+                    title = await page.title()
+                    return title
+                finally:
+                    await page.close()
+            
+            crawl_start = time.time()
+            crawl_tasks = [crawl_page(page_ctx, url) for page_ctx, url in all_pages]
+            await asyncio.gather(*crawl_tasks)
+            crawl_time = time.time() - crawl_start
+            total_time = time.time() - start_time
+            
+            # Measure final memory usage
+            if start_memory > 0:
+                end_memory = process.memory_info().rss / (1024 * 1024)
+                memory_used = end_memory - start_memory
+            else:
+                memory_used = 0
+            
+            # Close all browsers
+            for manager in managers:
+                await manager.close()
+            
+            # Calculate metrics
+            pages_per_second = total_urls / crawl_time
+            
+            # Calculate efficiency score (higher is better)
+            # This balances speed vs memory
+            if memory_used > 0:
+                efficiency = pages_per_second / (memory_used + 1)
+            else:
+                efficiency = pages_per_second
+            
+            # Store result
+            result = {
+                "browser_count": browser_count,
+                "distribution": tuple(page_distribution),
+                "crawl_time": crawl_time,
+                "total_time": total_time,
+                "memory_used": memory_used,
+                "pages_per_second": pages_per_second, 
+                "efficiency": efficiency
+            }
+            
+            results.append(result)
+            
+            if verbose:
+                print(f"  ✓ Crawled {total_urls} pages in {crawl_time:.2f}s ({pages_per_second:.1f} pages/sec)")
+                if memory_used > 0:
+                    print(f"  ✓ Memory used: {memory_used:.1f}MB ({memory_used/total_urls:.1f}MB per page)")
+                print(f"  ✓ Efficiency score: {efficiency:.4f}")
+            
+        except Exception as e:
+            if verbose:
+                print(f"  ✗ Error: {str(e)}")
+            
+            # Clean up
+            for manager in managers:
+                try:
+                    await manager.close()
+                except:
+                    pass
+    
+    # If no successful results, return None
+    if not results:
+        return None
+    
+    # Find best configurations
+    fastest = sorted(results, key=lambda x: x["crawl_time"])[0]
+    
+    # Only consider memory if available
+    memory_results = [r for r in results if r["memory_used"] > 0]
+    if memory_results:
+        lowest_memory = sorted(memory_results, key=lambda x: x["memory_used"])[0]
+    else:
+        lowest_memory = fastest
+    
+    # Find most efficient (balanced speed vs memory)
+    optimal = sorted(results, key=lambda x: x["efficiency"], reverse=True)[0]
+    
+    # Print summary
+    if verbose:
+        print("\n=== OPTIMAL CONFIGURATIONS ===")
+        print(f"⚡ Fastest: {fastest['browser_count']} browsers {fastest['distribution']}")
+        print(f"   {fastest['crawl_time']:.2f}s, {fastest['pages_per_second']:.1f} pages/sec")
+        
+        print(f"💾 Memory-efficient: {lowest_memory['browser_count']} browsers {lowest_memory['distribution']}")
+        if lowest_memory["memory_used"] > 0:
+            print(f"   {lowest_memory['memory_used']:.1f}MB, {lowest_memory['memory_used']/total_urls:.2f}MB per page")
+        
+        print(f"🌟 Balanced optimal: {optimal['browser_count']} browsers {optimal['distribution']}")
+        print(f"   {optimal['crawl_time']:.2f}s, {optimal['pages_per_second']:.1f} pages/sec, score: {optimal['efficiency']:.4f}")
+    
+    return {
+        "fastest": fastest,
+        "lowest_memory": lowest_memory,
+        "optimal": optimal,
+        "all_configs": results
+    }
+
+
+# Find process ID of the existing browser using os
+def find_process_by_port(port: int) -> str:
+    """Find process ID listening on a specific port.
+    
+    Args:
+        port: Port number to check
+        
+    Returns:
+        str: Process ID or empty string if not found
+    """
+    try:
+        if is_windows():
+            cmd = f"netstat -ano | findstr :{port}"
+            result = subprocess.check_output(cmd, shell=True).decode()
+            return result.strip().split()[-1] if result else ""
+        else:
+            cmd = f"lsof -i :{port} -t"
+            return subprocess.check_output(cmd, shell=True).decode().strip()
+    except subprocess.CalledProcessError:
+        return ""
+    
+async def check_process_is_running(process: subprocess.Popen, delay: float = 0.5) -> Tuple[bool, Optional[int], bytes, bytes]:
+    """Perform a quick check to make sure the browser started successfully."""
+    if not process:
+        return False, None, b"", b""
+        
+    # Check that process started without immediate termination
+    await asyncio.sleep(delay)
+    if process.poll() is not None:
+        # Process already terminated
+        stdout, stderr = b"", b""
+        try:
+            stdout, stderr = process.communicate(timeout=0.5)
+        except subprocess.TimeoutExpired:
+            pass
+
+        return False, process.returncode, stdout, stderr
+            
+
+    return True, 0, b"", b""
+
+
+def terminate_process(
+    pid: Union[int, str], 
+    timeout: float = 5.0,
+    force_kill_timeout: float = 3.0,
+    logger = None
+) -> Tuple[bool, Optional[str]]:
+    """
+    Robustly terminate a process across platforms with verification.
+    
+    Args:
+        pid: Process ID to terminate (int or string)
+        timeout: Seconds to wait for graceful termination before force killing
+        force_kill_timeout: Seconds to wait after force kill before considering it failed
+        logger: Optional logger object with error, warning, and info methods
+        
+    Returns:
+        Tuple of (success: bool, error_message: Optional[str])
+    """
+    # Convert pid to int if it's a string
+    if isinstance(pid, str):
+        try:
+            pid = int(pid)
+        except ValueError:
+            error_msg = f"Invalid PID format: {pid}"
+            if logger:
+                logger.error(error_msg)
+            return False, error_msg
+    
+    # Check if process exists
+    if not psutil.pid_exists(pid):
+        return True, None  # Process already terminated
+    
+    try:
+        process = psutil.Process(pid)
+        
+        # First attempt: graceful termination
+        if logger:
+            logger.info(f"Attempting graceful termination of process {pid}")
+            
+        if os.name == 'nt':  # Windows
+            subprocess.run(["taskkill", "/PID", str(pid)], 
+                          stdout=subprocess.DEVNULL, 
+                          stderr=subprocess.DEVNULL, 
+                          check=False)
+        else:  # Unix/Linux/MacOS
+            process.send_signal(signal.SIGTERM)
+        
+        # Wait for process to terminate
+        try:
+            process.wait(timeout=timeout)
+            if logger:
+                logger.info(f"Process {pid} terminated gracefully")
+            return True, None
+        except psutil.TimeoutExpired:
+            if logger:
+                logger.warning(f"Process {pid} did not terminate gracefully within {timeout} seconds, forcing termination")
+        
+        # Second attempt: force kill
+        if os.name == 'nt':  # Windows
+            subprocess.run(["taskkill", "/F", "/PID", str(pid)], 
+                          stdout=subprocess.DEVNULL, 
+                          stderr=subprocess.DEVNULL, 
+                          check=False)
+        else:  # Unix/Linux/MacOS
+            process.send_signal(signal.SIGKILL)
+        
+        # Verify process is killed
+        gone, alive = psutil.wait_procs([process], timeout=force_kill_timeout)
+        if process in alive:
+            error_msg = f"Failed to kill process {pid} even after force kill"
+            if logger:
+                logger.error(error_msg)
+            return False, error_msg
+            
+        if logger:
+            logger.info(f"Process {pid} terminated by force")
+        return True, None
+        
+    except psutil.NoSuchProcess:
+        # Process terminated while we were working with it
+        if logger:
+            logger.info(f"Process {pid} already terminated")
+        return True, None
+        
+    except Exception as e:
+        error_msg = f"Error terminating process {pid}: {str(e)}"
+        if logger:
+            logger.error(error_msg)
+        return False, error_msg

crawl4ai/browser_manager.py

@@ -145,17 +145,60 @@ class ManagedBrowser:
 
         # Start browser process
         try:
-            self.browser_process = subprocess.Popen(
-                args, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE
-            )
-            # Monitor browser process output for errors
-            asyncio.create_task(self._monitor_browser_process())
+            # Use DETACHED_PROCESS flag on Windows to fully detach the process
+            # On Unix, we'll use preexec_fn=os.setpgrp to start the process in a new process group
+            if sys.platform == "win32":
+                self.browser_process = subprocess.Popen(
+                    args, 
+                    stdout=subprocess.PIPE, 
+                    stderr=subprocess.PIPE,
+                    creationflags=subprocess.DETACHED_PROCESS | subprocess.CREATE_NEW_PROCESS_GROUP
+                )
+            else:
+                self.browser_process = subprocess.Popen(
+                    args, 
+                    stdout=subprocess.PIPE, 
+                    stderr=subprocess.PIPE,
+                    preexec_fn=os.setpgrp  # Start in a new process group
+                )
+                
+            # We'll monitor for a short time to make sure it starts properly, but won't keep monitoring
+            await asyncio.sleep(0.5)  # Give browser time to start
+            await self._initial_startup_check()
             await asyncio.sleep(2)  # Give browser time to start
             return f"http://{self.host}:{self.debugging_port}"
         except Exception as e:
             await self.cleanup()
             raise Exception(f"Failed to start browser: {e}")
 
+    async def _initial_startup_check(self):
+        """
+        Perform a quick check to make sure the browser started successfully.
+        This only runs once at startup rather than continuously monitoring.
+        """
+        if not self.browser_process:
+            return
+            
+        # Check that process started without immediate termination
+        await asyncio.sleep(0.5)
+        if self.browser_process.poll() is not None:
+            # Process already terminated
+            stdout, stderr = b"", b""
+            try:
+                stdout, stderr = self.browser_process.communicate(timeout=0.5)
+            except subprocess.TimeoutExpired:
+                pass
+                
+            self.logger.error(
+                message="Browser process terminated during startup | Code: {code} | STDOUT: {stdout} | STDERR: {stderr}",
+                tag="ERROR",
+                params={
+                    "code": self.browser_process.returncode,
+                    "stdout": stdout.decode() if stdout else "",
+                    "stderr": stderr.decode() if stderr else "",
+                },
+            )
+    
     async def _monitor_browser_process(self):
         """
         Monitor the browser process for unexpected termination.
@@ -167,6 +210,7 @@ class ManagedBrowser:
         4. If any other error occurs, log the error message.
 
         Note: This method should be called in a separate task to avoid blocking the main event loop.
+        This is DEPRECATED and should not be used for builtin browsers that need to outlive the Python process.
         """
         if self.browser_process:
             try:
@@ -261,22 +305,33 @@ class ManagedBrowser:
 
         if self.browser_process:
             try:
-                self.browser_process.terminate()
-                # Wait for process to end gracefully
-                for _ in range(10):  # 10 attempts, 100ms each
-                    if self.browser_process.poll() is not None:
-                        break
-                    await asyncio.sleep(0.1)
+                # For builtin browsers that should persist, we should check if it's a detached process
+                # Only terminate if we have proper control over the process
+                if not self.browser_process.poll():
+                    # Process is still running
+                    self.browser_process.terminate()
+                    # Wait for process to end gracefully
+                    for _ in range(10):  # 10 attempts, 100ms each
+                        if self.browser_process.poll() is not None:
+                            break
+                        await asyncio.sleep(0.1)
 
-                # Force kill if still running
-                if self.browser_process.poll() is None:
-                    self.browser_process.kill()
-                    await asyncio.sleep(0.1)  # Brief wait for kill to take effect
+                    # Force kill if still running
+                    if self.browser_process.poll() is None:
+                        if sys.platform == "win32":
+                            # On Windows we might need taskkill for detached processes
+                            try:
+                                subprocess.run(["taskkill", "/F", "/PID", str(self.browser_process.pid)])
+                            except Exception:
+                                self.browser_process.kill()
+                        else:
+                            self.browser_process.kill()
+                        await asyncio.sleep(0.1)  # Brief wait for kill to take effect
 
             except Exception as e:
                 self.logger.error(
                     message="Error terminating browser: {error}",
-                    tag="ERROR",
+                    tag="ERROR", 
                     params={"error": str(e)},
                 )
 
@@ -379,7 +434,15 @@ class BrowserManager:
         sessions (dict): Dictionary to store session information
         session_ttl (int): Session timeout in seconds
     """
+
+    _playwright_instance = None
     
+    @classmethod
+    async def get_playwright(cls):
+        from playwright.async_api import async_playwright
+        if cls._playwright_instance is None:
+            cls._playwright_instance = await async_playwright().start()
+        return cls._playwright_instance    
 
     def __init__(self, browser_config: BrowserConfig, logger=None):
         """
@@ -429,32 +492,21 @@ class BrowserManager:
 
         Note: This method should be called in a separate task to avoid blocking the main event loop.
         """
+        self.playwright  = await self.get_playwright()
         if self.playwright is None:
             from playwright.async_api import async_playwright
 
             self.playwright = await async_playwright().start()
 
-        if self.config.use_managed_browser:
-            cdp_url = await self.managed_browser.start()
+        if self.config.cdp_url or self.config.use_managed_browser:
+            self.config.use_managed_browser = True
+            cdp_url = await self.managed_browser.start() if not self.config.cdp_url else self.config.cdp_url
             self.browser = await self.playwright.chromium.connect_over_cdp(cdp_url)
             contexts = self.browser.contexts
             if contexts:
                 self.default_context = contexts[0]
             else:
                 self.default_context = await self.create_browser_context()
-                # self.default_context = await self.browser.new_context(
-                #     viewport={
-                #         "width": self.config.viewport_width,
-                #         "height": self.config.viewport_height,
-                #     },
-                #     storage_state=self.config.storage_state,
-                #     user_agent=self.config.headers.get(
-                #         "User-Agent", self.config.user_agent
-                #     ),
-                #     accept_downloads=self.config.accept_downloads,
-                #     ignore_https_errors=self.config.ignore_https_errors,
-                #     java_script_enabled=self.config.java_script_enabled,
-                # )
             await self.setup_context(self.default_context)
         else:
             browser_args = self._build_browser_args()
@@ -469,6 +521,7 @@ class BrowserManager:
 
             self.default_context = self.browser
 
+
     def _build_browser_args(self) -> dict:
         """Build browser launch arguments from config."""
         args = [
@@ -530,9 +583,9 @@ class BrowserManager:
                 ProxySettings(server=self.config.proxy)
                 if self.config.proxy
                 else ProxySettings(
-                    server=self.config.proxy_config.get("server"),
-                    username=self.config.proxy_config.get("username"),
-                    password=self.config.proxy_config.get("password"),
+                    server=self.config.proxy_config.server,
+                    username=self.config.proxy_config.username,
+                    password=self.config.proxy_config.password,
                 )
             )
             browser_args["proxy"] = proxy_settings
@@ -790,7 +843,10 @@ class BrowserManager:
         # If using a managed browser, just grab the shared default_context
         if self.config.use_managed_browser:
             context = self.default_context
-            page = await context.new_page()
+            pages = context.pages
+            page = next((p for p in pages if p.url == crawlerRunConfig.url), None)
+            if not page:
+                page = await context.new_page()
         else:
             # Otherwise, check if we have an existing context for this config
             config_signature = self._make_config_signature(crawlerRunConfig)
@@ -840,6 +896,9 @@ class BrowserManager:
 
     async def close(self):
         """Close all browser resources and clean up."""
+        if self.config.cdp_url:
+            return
+        
         if self.config.sleep_on_close:
             await asyncio.sleep(0.5)
 

crawl4ai/browser_profiler.py

@@ -12,7 +12,10 @@ import sys
 import datetime
 import uuid
 import shutil
-from typing import List, Dict, Optional, Any
+import json
+import subprocess
+import time
+from typing import List, Dict, Optional, Any, Tuple
 from colorama import Fore, Style, init
 
 from .async_configs import BrowserConfig
@@ -56,6 +59,11 @@ class BrowserProfiler:
         # Ensure profiles directory exists
         self.profiles_dir = os.path.join(get_home_folder(), "profiles")
         os.makedirs(self.profiles_dir, exist_ok=True)
+        
+        # Builtin browser config file
+        self.builtin_browser_dir = os.path.join(get_home_folder(), "builtin-browser")
+        self.builtin_config_file = os.path.join(self.builtin_browser_dir, "browser_config.json")
+        os.makedirs(self.builtin_browser_dir, exist_ok=True)
     
     async def create_profile(self, 
                             profile_name: Optional[str] = None, 
@@ -342,7 +350,11 @@ class BrowserProfiler:
         
         # Check if path exists and is a valid profile
         if not os.path.isdir(profile_path):
-            return None
+            # Chrck if profile_name itself is full path
+            if os.path.isabs(profile_name):
+                profile_path = profile_name
+            else:
+                return None
         
         # Look for profile indicators
         is_profile = (
@@ -541,4 +553,422 @@ class BrowserProfiler:
                 break
                 
             else:
-                self.logger.error(f"Invalid choice. Please enter a number between 1 and {exit_option}.", tag="MENU")
+                self.logger.error(f"Invalid choice. Please enter a number between 1 and {exit_option}.", tag="MENU")
+
+    async def launch_standalone_browser(self, 
+                                  browser_type: str = "chromium",
+                                  user_data_dir: Optional[str] = None,
+                                  debugging_port: int = 9222,
+                                  headless: bool = False,
+                                  save_as_builtin: bool = False) -> Optional[str]:
+        """
+        Launch a standalone browser with CDP debugging enabled and keep it running
+        until the user presses 'q'. Returns and displays the CDP URL.
+        
+        Args:
+            browser_type (str): Type of browser to launch ('chromium' or 'firefox')
+            user_data_dir (str, optional): Path to user profile directory
+            debugging_port (int): Port to use for CDP debugging
+            headless (bool): Whether to run in headless mode
+            
+        Returns:
+            str: CDP URL for the browser, or None if launch failed
+            
+        Example:
+            ```python
+            profiler = BrowserProfiler()
+            cdp_url = await profiler.launch_standalone_browser(
+                user_data_dir="/path/to/profile",
+                debugging_port=9222
+            )
+            # Use cdp_url to connect to the browser
+            ```
+        """
+        # Use the provided directory if specified, otherwise create a temporary directory
+        if user_data_dir:
+            # Directory is provided directly, ensure it exists
+            profile_path = user_data_dir
+            os.makedirs(profile_path, exist_ok=True)
+        else:
+            # Create a temporary profile directory
+            timestamp = datetime.datetime.now().strftime("%Y%m%d_%H%M%S")
+            profile_name = f"temp_{timestamp}_{uuid.uuid4().hex[:6]}"
+            profile_path = os.path.join(self.profiles_dir, profile_name)
+            os.makedirs(profile_path, exist_ok=True)
+        
+        # Print initial information
+        border = f"{Fore.CYAN}{'='*80}{Style.RESET_ALL}"
+        self.logger.info(f"\n{border}", tag="CDP")
+        self.logger.info(f"Launching standalone browser with CDP debugging", tag="CDP")
+        self.logger.info(f"Browser type: {Fore.GREEN}{browser_type}{Style.RESET_ALL}", tag="CDP")
+        self.logger.info(f"Profile path: {Fore.YELLOW}{profile_path}{Style.RESET_ALL}", tag="CDP")
+        self.logger.info(f"Debugging port: {Fore.CYAN}{debugging_port}{Style.RESET_ALL}", tag="CDP")
+        self.logger.info(f"Headless mode: {Fore.CYAN}{headless}{Style.RESET_ALL}", tag="CDP")
+        
+        # Create managed browser instance
+        managed_browser = ManagedBrowser(
+            browser_type=browser_type,
+            user_data_dir=profile_path,
+            headless=headless,
+            logger=self.logger,
+            debugging_port=debugging_port
+        )
+        
+        # Set up signal handlers to ensure cleanup on interrupt
+        original_sigint = signal.getsignal(signal.SIGINT)
+        original_sigterm = signal.getsignal(signal.SIGTERM)
+        
+        # Define cleanup handler for signals
+        async def cleanup_handler(sig, frame):
+            self.logger.warning("\nCleaning up browser process...", tag="CDP")
+            await managed_browser.cleanup()
+            # Restore original signal handlers
+            signal.signal(signal.SIGINT, original_sigint)
+            signal.signal(signal.SIGTERM, original_sigterm)
+            if sig == signal.SIGINT:
+                self.logger.error("Browser terminated by user.", tag="CDP")
+                sys.exit(1)
+                    
+        # Set signal handlers
+        def sigint_handler(sig, frame):
+            asyncio.create_task(cleanup_handler(sig, frame))
+        
+        signal.signal(signal.SIGINT, sigint_handler)
+        signal.signal(signal.SIGTERM, sigint_handler)
+        
+        # Event to signal when user wants to exit
+        user_done_event = asyncio.Event()
+        
+        # Run keyboard input loop in a separate task
+        async def listen_for_quit_command():
+            import termios
+            import tty
+            import select
+            
+            # First output the prompt
+            self.logger.info(f"{Fore.CYAN}Press '{Fore.WHITE}q{Fore.CYAN}' to stop the browser and exit...{Style.RESET_ALL}", tag="CDP")
+            
+            # Save original terminal settings
+            fd = sys.stdin.fileno()
+            old_settings = termios.tcgetattr(fd)
+            
+            try:
+                # Switch to non-canonical mode (no line buffering)
+                tty.setcbreak(fd)
+                
+                while True:
+                    # Check if input is available (non-blocking)
+                    readable, _, _ = select.select([sys.stdin], [], [], 0.5)
+                    if readable:
+                        key = sys.stdin.read(1)
+                        if key.lower() == 'q':
+                            self.logger.info(f"{Fore.GREEN}Closing browser...{Style.RESET_ALL}", tag="CDP")
+                            user_done_event.set()
+                            return
+                    
+                    # Check if the browser process has already exited
+                    if managed_browser.browser_process and managed_browser.browser_process.poll() is not None:
+                        self.logger.info("Browser already closed. Ending input listener.", tag="CDP")
+                        user_done_event.set()
+                        return
+                        
+                    await asyncio.sleep(0.1)
+            
+            finally:
+                # Restore terminal settings 
+                termios.tcsetattr(fd, termios.TCSADRAIN, old_settings)
+                
+        # Function to retrieve and display CDP JSON config
+        async def get_cdp_json(port):
+            import aiohttp
+            cdp_url = f"http://localhost:{port}"
+            json_url = f"{cdp_url}/json/version"
+            
+            try:
+                async with aiohttp.ClientSession() as session:
+                    # Try multiple times in case the browser is still starting up
+                    for _ in range(10):
+                        try:
+                            async with session.get(json_url) as response:
+                                if response.status == 200:
+                                    data = await response.json()
+                                    return cdp_url, data
+                        except Exception:
+                            pass
+                        
+                        await asyncio.sleep(0.5)
+                    
+                    return cdp_url, None
+            except Exception as e:
+                self.logger.error(f"Error fetching CDP JSON: {str(e)}", tag="CDP")
+                return cdp_url, None
+        
+        cdp_url = None
+        config_json = None
+        
+        try:
+            # Start the browser
+            await managed_browser.start()
+            
+            # Check if browser started successfully
+            browser_process = managed_browser.browser_process
+            if not browser_process:
+                self.logger.error("Failed to start browser process.", tag="CDP")
+                return None
+            
+            self.logger.info(f"Browser launched successfully. Retrieving CDP information...", tag="CDP") 
+            
+            # Get CDP URL and JSON config
+            cdp_url, config_json = await get_cdp_json(debugging_port)
+            
+            if cdp_url:
+                self.logger.success(f"CDP URL: {Fore.GREEN}{cdp_url}{Style.RESET_ALL}", tag="CDP")
+                
+                if config_json:
+                    # Display relevant CDP information
+                    self.logger.info(f"Browser: {Fore.CYAN}{config_json.get('Browser', 'Unknown')}{Style.RESET_ALL}", tag="CDP")
+                    self.logger.info(f"Protocol Version: {config_json.get('Protocol-Version', 'Unknown')}", tag="CDP")
+                    if 'webSocketDebuggerUrl' in config_json:
+                        self.logger.info(f"WebSocket URL: {Fore.GREEN}{config_json['webSocketDebuggerUrl']}{Style.RESET_ALL}", tag="CDP")
+                else:
+                    self.logger.warning("Could not retrieve CDP configuration JSON", tag="CDP")
+            else:
+                self.logger.error(f"Failed to get CDP URL on port {debugging_port}", tag="CDP")
+                await managed_browser.cleanup()
+                return None
+            
+            # Start listening for keyboard input
+            listener_task = asyncio.create_task(listen_for_quit_command())
+            
+            # Wait for the user to press 'q' or for the browser process to exit naturally
+            while not user_done_event.is_set() and browser_process.poll() is None:
+                await asyncio.sleep(0.5)
+            
+            # Cancel the listener task if it's still running
+            if not listener_task.done():
+                listener_task.cancel()
+                try:
+                    await listener_task
+                except asyncio.CancelledError:
+                    pass
+            
+            # If the browser is still running and the user pressed 'q', terminate it
+            if browser_process.poll() is None and user_done_event.is_set():
+                self.logger.info("Terminating browser process...", tag="CDP")
+                await managed_browser.cleanup()
+            
+            self.logger.success(f"Browser closed.", tag="CDP")
+                
+        except Exception as e:
+            self.logger.error(f"Error launching standalone browser: {str(e)}", tag="CDP")
+            await managed_browser.cleanup()
+            return None
+        finally:
+            # Restore original signal handlers
+            signal.signal(signal.SIGINT, original_sigint)
+            signal.signal(signal.SIGTERM, original_sigterm)
+            
+            # Make sure browser is fully cleaned up
+            await managed_browser.cleanup()
+        
+        # Return the CDP URL
+        return cdp_url
+    
+    async def launch_builtin_browser(self, 
+                                 browser_type: str = "chromium",
+                                 debugging_port: int = 9222,
+                                 headless: bool = True) -> Optional[str]:
+        """
+        Launch a browser in the background for use as the builtin browser.
+        
+        Args:
+            browser_type (str): Type of browser to launch ('chromium' or 'firefox')
+            debugging_port (int): Port to use for CDP debugging
+            headless (bool): Whether to run in headless mode
+            
+        Returns:
+            str: CDP URL for the browser, or None if launch failed
+        """
+        # Check if there's an existing browser still running
+        browser_info = self.get_builtin_browser_info()
+        if browser_info and self._is_browser_running(browser_info.get('pid')):
+            self.logger.info("Builtin browser is already running", tag="BUILTIN")
+            return browser_info.get('cdp_url')
+        
+        # Create a user data directory for the builtin browser
+        user_data_dir = os.path.join(self.builtin_browser_dir, "user_data")
+        os.makedirs(user_data_dir, exist_ok=True)
+        
+        # Create managed browser instance
+        managed_browser = ManagedBrowser(
+            browser_type=browser_type,
+            user_data_dir=user_data_dir,
+            headless=headless,
+            logger=self.logger,
+            debugging_port=debugging_port
+        )
+        
+        try:
+            # Start the browser
+            await managed_browser.start()
+            
+            # Check if browser started successfully
+            browser_process = managed_browser.browser_process
+            if not browser_process:
+                self.logger.error("Failed to start browser process.", tag="BUILTIN")
+                return None
+            
+            # Get CDP URL
+            cdp_url = f"http://localhost:{debugging_port}"
+            
+            # Try to verify browser is responsive by fetching version info
+            import aiohttp
+            json_url = f"{cdp_url}/json/version"
+            config_json = None
+            
+            try:
+                async with aiohttp.ClientSession() as session:
+                    for _ in range(10):  # Try multiple times
+                        try:
+                            async with session.get(json_url) as response:
+                                if response.status == 200:
+                                    config_json = await response.json()
+                                    break
+                        except Exception:
+                            pass
+                        await asyncio.sleep(0.5)
+            except Exception as e:
+                self.logger.warning(f"Could not verify browser: {str(e)}", tag="BUILTIN")
+            
+            # Save browser info
+            browser_info = {
+                'pid': browser_process.pid,
+                'cdp_url': cdp_url,
+                'user_data_dir': user_data_dir,
+                'browser_type': browser_type,
+                'debugging_port': debugging_port,
+                'start_time': time.time(),
+                'config': config_json
+            }
+            
+            with open(self.builtin_config_file, 'w') as f:
+                json.dump(browser_info, f, indent=2)
+                
+            # Detach from the browser process - don't keep any references
+            # This is important to allow the Python script to exit while the browser continues running
+            # We'll just record the PID and other info, and the browser will run independently
+            managed_browser.browser_process = None
+                
+            self.logger.success(f"Builtin browser launched at CDP URL: {cdp_url}", tag="BUILTIN")
+            return cdp_url
+            
+        except Exception as e:
+            self.logger.error(f"Error launching builtin browser: {str(e)}", tag="BUILTIN")
+            if managed_browser:
+                await managed_browser.cleanup()
+            return None
+    
+    def get_builtin_browser_info(self) -> Optional[Dict[str, Any]]:
+        """
+        Get information about the builtin browser.
+        
+        Returns:
+            dict: Browser information or None if no builtin browser is configured
+        """
+        if not os.path.exists(self.builtin_config_file):
+            return None
+            
+        try:
+            with open(self.builtin_config_file, 'r') as f:
+                browser_info = json.load(f)
+                
+            # Check if the browser is still running
+            if not self._is_browser_running(browser_info.get('pid')):
+                self.logger.warning("Builtin browser is not running", tag="BUILTIN")
+                return None
+                
+            return browser_info
+        except Exception as e:
+            self.logger.error(f"Error reading builtin browser config: {str(e)}", tag="BUILTIN")
+            return None
+            
+    def _is_browser_running(self, pid: Optional[int]) -> bool:
+        """Check if a process with the given PID is running"""
+        if not pid:
+            return False
+            
+        try:
+            # Check if the process exists
+            if sys.platform == "win32":
+                process = subprocess.run(["tasklist", "/FI", f"PID eq {pid}"], 
+                                         capture_output=True, text=True)
+                return str(pid) in process.stdout
+            else:
+                # Unix-like systems
+                os.kill(pid, 0)  # This doesn't actually kill the process, just checks if it exists
+            return True
+        except (ProcessLookupError, PermissionError, OSError):
+            return False
+            
+    async def kill_builtin_browser(self) -> bool:
+        """
+        Kill the builtin browser if it's running.
+        
+        Returns:
+            bool: True if the browser was killed, False otherwise
+        """
+        browser_info = self.get_builtin_browser_info()
+        if not browser_info:
+            self.logger.warning("No builtin browser found", tag="BUILTIN")
+            return False
+            
+        pid = browser_info.get('pid')
+        if not pid:
+            return False
+            
+        try:
+            if sys.platform == "win32":
+                subprocess.run(["taskkill", "/F", "/PID", str(pid)], check=True)
+            else:
+                os.kill(pid, signal.SIGTERM)
+                # Wait for termination
+                for _ in range(5):
+                    if not self._is_browser_running(pid):
+                        break
+                    await asyncio.sleep(0.5)
+                else:
+                    # Force kill if still running
+                    os.kill(pid, signal.SIGKILL)
+                    
+            # Remove config file
+            if os.path.exists(self.builtin_config_file):
+                os.unlink(self.builtin_config_file)
+                
+            self.logger.success("Builtin browser terminated", tag="BUILTIN")
+            return True
+        except Exception as e:
+            self.logger.error(f"Error killing builtin browser: {str(e)}", tag="BUILTIN")
+            return False
+    
+    async def get_builtin_browser_status(self) -> Dict[str, Any]:
+        """
+        Get status information about the builtin browser.
+        
+        Returns:
+            dict: Status information with running, cdp_url, and info fields
+        """
+        browser_info = self.get_builtin_browser_info()
+        
+        if not browser_info:
+            return {
+                'running': False,
+                'cdp_url': None,
+                'info': None
+            }
+            
+        return {
+            'running': True,
+            'cdp_url': browser_info.get('cdp_url'),
+            'info': browser_info
+        }
+

crawl4ai/cli.py

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 import click
 import os
+import sys
 import time
 
 import humanize
@@ -19,6 +20,7 @@ from crawl4ai import (
     BrowserConfig, 
     CrawlerRunConfig,
     LLMExtractionStrategy, 
+    LXMLWebScrapingStrategy,
     JsonCssExtractionStrategy,
     JsonXPathExtractionStrategy,
     BM25ContentFilter, 
@@ -27,6 +29,7 @@ from crawl4ai import (
     DefaultMarkdownGenerator,
     LLMConfig
 )
+from crawl4ai.config import USER_SETTINGS
 from litellm import completion
 from pathlib import Path
 
@@ -175,8 +178,12 @@ def show_examples():
     # CSS-based extraction
     crwl https://example.com -e extract_css.yml -s css_schema.json -o json
 
-    # LLM-based extraction
+    # LLM-based extraction with config file
     crwl https://example.com -e extract_llm.yml -s llm_schema.json -o json
+    
+    # Quick LLM-based JSON extraction (prompts for LLM provider first time)
+    crwl https://example.com -j  # Auto-extracts structured data
+    crwl https://example.com -j "Extract product details including name, price, and features"  # With specific instructions
 
 3️⃣  Direct Parameters:
     # Browser settings
@@ -199,7 +206,24 @@ def show_examples():
     # 2. Then use that profile to crawl the authenticated site:
     crwl https://site-requiring-login.com/dashboard -p my-profile-name
 
-5️⃣  Sample Config Files:
+5️⃣  CDP Mode for Browser Automation:
+    # Launch browser with CDP debugging on default port 9222
+    crwl cdp
+
+    # Use a specific profile and custom port
+    crwl cdp -p my-profile -P 9223
+
+    # Launch headless browser with CDP enabled
+    crwl cdp --headless
+
+    # Launch in incognito mode (ignores profile)
+    crwl cdp --incognito
+
+    # Use the CDP URL with other tools (Puppeteer, Playwright, etc.)
+    # The URL will be displayed in the terminal when the browser starts
+
+    
+6️⃣  Sample Config Files:
 
 browser.yml:
     headless: true
@@ -257,11 +281,11 @@ llm_schema.json:
       }
     }
 
-6️⃣  Advanced Usage:
+7️⃣  Advanced Usage:
     # Combine configs with direct parameters
     crwl https://example.com -B browser.yml -b "headless=false,viewport_width=1920"
 
-    # Full extraction pipeline
+    # Full extraction pipeline with config files
     crwl https://example.com \\
         -B browser.yml \\
         -C crawler.yml \\
@@ -269,6 +293,12 @@ llm_schema.json:
         -s llm_schema.json \\
         -o json \\
         -v
+        
+    # Quick LLM-based extraction with specific instructions
+    crwl https://amazon.com/dp/B01DFKC2SO \\
+        -j "Extract product title, current price, original price, rating, and all product specifications" \\
+        -b "headless=true,viewport_width=1280" \\
+        -v
 
     # Content filtering with BM25
     crwl https://example.com \\
@@ -283,7 +313,7 @@ llm_schema.json:
 
 For more documentation visit: https://github.com/unclecode/crawl4ai
 
-7️⃣  Q&A with LLM:
+8️⃣  Q&A with LLM:
     # Ask a question about the content
     crwl https://example.com -q "What is the main topic discussed?"
 
@@ -310,8 +340,16 @@ For more documentation visit: https://github.com/unclecode/crawl4ai
       - google/gemini-pro
     
     See full list of providers: https://docs.litellm.ai/docs/providers
+    
+    # Set default LLM provider and token in advance
+    crwl config set DEFAULT_LLM_PROVIDER "anthropic/claude-3-sonnet"
+    crwl config set DEFAULT_LLM_PROVIDER_TOKEN "your-api-token-here"
+    
+    # Set default browser behavior
+    crwl config set BROWSER_HEADLESS false  # Always show browser window
+    crwl config set USER_AGENT_MODE random  # Use random user agent
 
-8️⃣ Profile Management:
+9️⃣ Profile Management:
     # Launch interactive profile manager
     crwl profiles
 
@@ -324,6 +362,32 @@ For more documentation visit: https://github.com/unclecode/crawl4ai
     crwl profiles  # Select "Create new profile" option
     # 2. Then use that profile to crawl authenticated content:
     crwl https://site-requiring-login.com/dashboard -p my-profile-name
+
+🔄 Builtin Browser Management:
+    # Start a builtin browser (runs in the background)
+    crwl browser start
+    
+    # Check builtin browser status
+    crwl browser status
+    
+    # Open a visible window to see the browser
+    crwl browser view --url https://example.com
+    
+    # Stop the builtin browser
+    crwl browser stop
+    
+    # Restart with different options
+    crwl browser restart --browser-type chromium --port 9223 --no-headless
+    
+    # Use the builtin browser in your code
+    # (Just set browser_mode="builtin" in your BrowserConfig)
+    browser_config = BrowserConfig(
+        browser_mode="builtin", 
+        headless=True
+    )
+    
+    # Usage via CLI:
+    crwl https://example.com -b "browser_mode=builtin"
 """
     click.echo(examples)
 
@@ -550,28 +614,409 @@ async def manage_profiles():
         # Add a separator between operations
         console.print("\n")
 
+
+
 @click.group(context_settings={"help_option_names": ["-h", "--help"]})
 def cli():
     """Crawl4AI CLI - Web content extraction and browser profile management tool"""
     pass
 
+
+@cli.group("browser")
+def browser_cmd():
+    """Manage browser instances for Crawl4AI
+    
+    Commands to manage browser instances for Crawl4AI, including:
+    - status - Check status of the builtin browser
+    - start - Start a new builtin browser
+    - stop - Stop the running builtin browser
+    - restart - Restart the builtin browser
+    """
+    pass
+    
+@browser_cmd.command("status")
+def browser_status_cmd():
+    """Show status of the builtin browser"""
+    profiler = BrowserProfiler()
+    
+    try:
+        status = anyio.run(profiler.get_builtin_browser_status)
+        
+        if status["running"]:
+            info = status["info"]
+            console.print(Panel(
+                f"[green]Builtin browser is running[/green]\n\n"
+                f"CDP URL: [cyan]{info['cdp_url']}[/cyan]\n"
+                f"Process ID: [yellow]{info['pid']}[/yellow]\n"
+                f"Browser type: [blue]{info['browser_type']}[/blue]\n"
+                f"User data directory: [magenta]{info['user_data_dir']}[/magenta]\n"
+                f"Started: [cyan]{time.strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S', time.localtime(info['start_time']))}[/cyan]",
+                title="Builtin Browser Status",
+                border_style="green"
+            ))
+        else:
+            console.print(Panel(
+                "[yellow]Builtin browser is not running[/yellow]\n\n"
+                "Use 'crwl browser start' to start a builtin browser",
+                title="Builtin Browser Status",
+                border_style="yellow"
+            ))
+            
+    except Exception as e:
+        console.print(f"[red]Error checking browser status: {str(e)}[/red]")
+        sys.exit(1)
+        
+@browser_cmd.command("start")
+@click.option("--browser-type", "-b", type=click.Choice(["chromium", "firefox"]), default="chromium", 
+              help="Browser type (default: chromium)")
+@click.option("--port", "-p", type=int, default=9222, help="Debugging port (default: 9222)")
+@click.option("--headless/--no-headless", default=True, help="Run browser in headless mode")
+def browser_start_cmd(browser_type: str, port: int, headless: bool):
+    """Start a builtin browser instance
+    
+    This will start a persistent browser instance that can be used by Crawl4AI
+    by setting browser_mode="builtin" in BrowserConfig.
+    """
+    profiler = BrowserProfiler()
+    
+    # First check if browser is already running
+    status = anyio.run(profiler.get_builtin_browser_status)
+    if status["running"]:
+        console.print(Panel(
+            "[yellow]Builtin browser is already running[/yellow]\n\n"
+            f"CDP URL: [cyan]{status['cdp_url']}[/cyan]\n\n"
+            "Use 'crwl browser restart' to restart the browser",
+            title="Builtin Browser Start",
+            border_style="yellow"
+        ))
+        return
+    
+    try:
+        console.print(Panel(
+            f"[cyan]Starting builtin browser[/cyan]\n\n"
+            f"Browser type: [green]{browser_type}[/green]\n"
+            f"Debugging port: [yellow]{port}[/yellow]\n"
+            f"Headless: [cyan]{'Yes' if headless else 'No'}[/cyan]",
+            title="Builtin Browser Start",
+            border_style="cyan"
+        ))
+        
+        cdp_url = anyio.run(
+            profiler.launch_builtin_browser,
+            browser_type,
+            port,
+            headless
+        )
+        
+        if cdp_url:
+            console.print(Panel(
+                f"[green]Builtin browser started successfully[/green]\n\n"
+                f"CDP URL: [cyan]{cdp_url}[/cyan]\n\n"
+                "This browser will be used automatically when setting browser_mode='builtin'",
+                title="Builtin Browser Start",
+                border_style="green"
+            ))
+        else:
+            console.print(Panel(
+                "[red]Failed to start builtin browser[/red]",
+                title="Builtin Browser Start",
+                border_style="red"
+            ))
+            sys.exit(1)
+            
+    except Exception as e:
+        console.print(f"[red]Error starting builtin browser: {str(e)}[/red]")
+        sys.exit(1)
+        
+@browser_cmd.command("stop")
+def browser_stop_cmd():
+    """Stop the running builtin browser"""
+    profiler = BrowserProfiler()
+    
+    try:
+        # First check if browser is running
+        status = anyio.run(profiler.get_builtin_browser_status)
+        if not status["running"]:
+            console.print(Panel(
+                "[yellow]No builtin browser is currently running[/yellow]",
+                title="Builtin Browser Stop",
+                border_style="yellow"
+            ))
+            return
+            
+        console.print(Panel(
+            "[cyan]Stopping builtin browser...[/cyan]",
+            title="Builtin Browser Stop", 
+            border_style="cyan"
+        ))
+        
+        success = anyio.run(profiler.kill_builtin_browser)
+        
+        if success:
+            console.print(Panel(
+                "[green]Builtin browser stopped successfully[/green]",
+                title="Builtin Browser Stop",
+                border_style="green"
+            ))
+        else:
+            console.print(Panel(
+                "[red]Failed to stop builtin browser[/red]",
+                title="Builtin Browser Stop",
+                border_style="red"
+            ))
+            sys.exit(1)
+            
+    except Exception as e:
+        console.print(f"[red]Error stopping builtin browser: {str(e)}[/red]")
+        sys.exit(1)
+        
+@browser_cmd.command("view")
+@click.option("--url", "-u", help="URL to navigate to (defaults to about:blank)")
+def browser_view_cmd(url: Optional[str]):
+    """
+    Open a visible window of the builtin browser
+    
+    This command connects to the running builtin browser and opens a visible window,
+    allowing you to see what the browser is currently viewing or navigate to a URL.
+    """
+    profiler = BrowserProfiler()
+    
+    try:
+        # First check if browser is running
+        status = anyio.run(profiler.get_builtin_browser_status)
+        if not status["running"]:
+            console.print(Panel(
+                "[yellow]No builtin browser is currently running[/yellow]\n\n"
+                "Use 'crwl browser start' to start a builtin browser first",
+                title="Builtin Browser View",
+                border_style="yellow"
+            ))
+            return
+        
+        info = status["info"]
+        cdp_url = info["cdp_url"]
+        
+        console.print(Panel(
+            f"[cyan]Opening visible window connected to builtin browser[/cyan]\n\n"
+            f"CDP URL: [green]{cdp_url}[/green]\n"
+            f"URL to load: [yellow]{url or 'about:blank'}[/yellow]",
+            title="Builtin Browser View",
+            border_style="cyan"
+        ))
+        
+        # Use the CDP URL to launch a new visible window
+        import subprocess
+        import os
+        
+        # Determine the browser command based on platform
+        if sys.platform == "darwin":  # macOS
+            browser_cmd = ["/Applications/Google Chrome.app/Contents/MacOS/Google Chrome"]
+        elif sys.platform == "win32":  # Windows
+            browser_cmd = ["C:\\Program Files\\Google\\Chrome\\Application\\chrome.exe"]
+        else:  # Linux
+            browser_cmd = ["google-chrome"]
+        
+        # Add arguments
+        browser_args = [
+            f"--remote-debugging-port={info['debugging_port']}",
+            "--remote-debugging-address=localhost",
+            "--no-first-run",
+            "--no-default-browser-check"
+        ]
+        
+        # Add URL if provided
+        if url:
+            browser_args.append(url)
+        
+        # Launch browser
+        try:
+            subprocess.Popen(browser_cmd + browser_args)
+            console.print("[green]Browser window opened. Close it when finished viewing.[/green]")
+        except Exception as e:
+            console.print(f"[red]Error launching browser: {str(e)}[/red]")
+            console.print(f"[yellow]Try connecting manually to {cdp_url} in Chrome or using the '--remote-debugging-port' flag.[/yellow]")
+    
+    except Exception as e:
+        console.print(f"[red]Error viewing builtin browser: {str(e)}[/red]")
+        sys.exit(1)
+
+@browser_cmd.command("restart")
+@click.option("--browser-type", "-b", type=click.Choice(["chromium", "firefox"]), default=None, 
+              help="Browser type (defaults to same as current)")
+@click.option("--port", "-p", type=int, default=None, help="Debugging port (defaults to same as current)")
+@click.option("--headless/--no-headless", default=None, help="Run browser in headless mode")
+def browser_restart_cmd(browser_type: Optional[str], port: Optional[int], headless: Optional[bool]):
+    """Restart the builtin browser
+    
+    Stops the current builtin browser if running and starts a new one.
+    By default, uses the same configuration as the current browser.
+    """
+    profiler = BrowserProfiler()
+    
+    try:
+        # First check if browser is running and get its config
+        status = anyio.run(profiler.get_builtin_browser_status)
+        current_config = {}
+        
+        if status["running"]:
+            info = status["info"]
+            current_config = {
+                "browser_type": info["browser_type"],
+                "port": info["debugging_port"],
+                "headless": True  # Default assumption
+            }
+            
+            # Stop the browser
+            console.print(Panel(
+                "[cyan]Stopping current builtin browser...[/cyan]",
+                title="Builtin Browser Restart", 
+                border_style="cyan"
+            ))
+            
+            success = anyio.run(profiler.kill_builtin_browser)
+            if not success:
+                console.print(Panel(
+                    "[red]Failed to stop current browser[/red]",
+                    title="Builtin Browser Restart",
+                    border_style="red"
+                ))
+                sys.exit(1)
+        
+        # Use provided options or defaults from current config
+        browser_type = browser_type or current_config.get("browser_type", "chromium")
+        port = port or current_config.get("port", 9222)
+        headless = headless if headless is not None else current_config.get("headless", True)
+        
+        # Start a new browser
+        console.print(Panel(
+            f"[cyan]Starting new builtin browser[/cyan]\n\n"
+            f"Browser type: [green]{browser_type}[/green]\n"
+            f"Debugging port: [yellow]{port}[/yellow]\n"
+            f"Headless: [cyan]{'Yes' if headless else 'No'}[/cyan]",
+            title="Builtin Browser Restart",
+            border_style="cyan"
+        ))
+        
+        cdp_url = anyio.run(
+            profiler.launch_builtin_browser,
+            browser_type,
+            port,
+            headless
+        )
+        
+        if cdp_url:
+            console.print(Panel(
+                f"[green]Builtin browser restarted successfully[/green]\n\n"
+                f"CDP URL: [cyan]{cdp_url}[/cyan]",
+                title="Builtin Browser Restart",
+                border_style="green"
+            ))
+        else:
+            console.print(Panel(
+                "[red]Failed to restart builtin browser[/red]",
+                title="Builtin Browser Restart",
+                border_style="red"
+            ))
+            sys.exit(1)
+            
+    except Exception as e:
+        console.print(f"[red]Error restarting builtin browser: {str(e)}[/red]")
+        sys.exit(1)
+
+@cli.command("cdp")
+@click.option("--user-data-dir", "-d", help="Directory to use for browser data (will be created if it doesn't exist)")
+@click.option("--port", "-P", type=int, default=9222, help="Debugging port (default: 9222)")
+@click.option("--browser-type", "-b", type=click.Choice(["chromium", "firefox"]), default="chromium", 
+              help="Browser type (default: chromium)")
+@click.option("--headless", is_flag=True, help="Run browser in headless mode")
+@click.option("--incognito", is_flag=True, help="Run in incognito/private mode (ignores user-data-dir)")
+def cdp_cmd(user_data_dir: Optional[str], port: int, browser_type: str, headless: bool, incognito: bool):
+    """Launch a standalone browser with CDP debugging enabled
+    
+    This command launches a browser with Chrome DevTools Protocol (CDP) debugging enabled,
+    prints the CDP URL, and keeps the browser running until you press 'q'.
+    
+    The CDP URL can be used for various automation and debugging tasks.
+    
+    Examples:
+        # Launch Chromium with CDP on default port 9222
+        crwl cdp
+        
+        # Use a specific directory for browser data and custom port
+        crwl cdp --user-data-dir ~/browser-data --port 9223
+        
+        # Launch in headless mode
+        crwl cdp --headless
+        
+        # Launch in incognito mode (ignores user-data-dir)
+        crwl cdp --incognito
+    """
+    profiler = BrowserProfiler()
+    
+    try:
+        # Handle data directory
+        data_dir = None
+        if not incognito and user_data_dir:
+            # Expand user path (~/something)
+            expanded_path = os.path.expanduser(user_data_dir)
+            
+            # Create directory if it doesn't exist
+            if not os.path.exists(expanded_path):
+                console.print(f"[yellow]Directory '{expanded_path}' doesn't exist. Creating it.[/yellow]")
+                os.makedirs(expanded_path, exist_ok=True)
+            
+            data_dir = expanded_path
+        
+        # Print launch info
+        console.print(Panel(
+            f"[cyan]Launching browser with CDP debugging[/cyan]\n\n"
+            f"Browser type: [green]{browser_type}[/green]\n"
+            f"Debugging port: [yellow]{port}[/yellow]\n"
+            f"User data directory: [cyan]{data_dir or 'Temporary directory'}[/cyan]\n"
+            f"Headless: [cyan]{'Yes' if headless else 'No'}[/cyan]\n"
+            f"Incognito: [cyan]{'Yes' if incognito else 'No'}[/cyan]\n\n"
+            f"[yellow]Press 'q' to quit when done[/yellow]",
+            title="CDP Browser",
+            border_style="cyan"
+        ))
+        
+        # Run the browser
+        cdp_url = anyio.run(
+            profiler.launch_standalone_browser,
+            browser_type,
+            data_dir,
+            port,
+            headless
+        )
+        
+        if not cdp_url:
+            console.print("[red]Failed to launch browser or get CDP URL[/red]")
+            sys.exit(1)
+            
+    except Exception as e:
+        console.print(f"[red]Error launching CDP browser: {str(e)}[/red]")
+        sys.exit(1)
+
+
 @cli.command("crawl")
 @click.argument("url", required=True)
 @click.option("--browser-config", "-B", type=click.Path(exists=True), help="Browser config file (YAML/JSON)")
 @click.option("--crawler-config", "-C", type=click.Path(exists=True), help="Crawler config file (YAML/JSON)")
 @click.option("--filter-config", "-f", type=click.Path(exists=True), help="Content filter config file")
 @click.option("--extraction-config", "-e", type=click.Path(exists=True), help="Extraction strategy config file")
+@click.option("--json-extract", "-j", is_flag=False, flag_value="", default=None, help="Extract structured data using LLM with optional description")
 @click.option("--schema", "-s", type=click.Path(exists=True), help="JSON schema for extraction")
 @click.option("--browser", "-b", type=str, callback=parse_key_values, help="Browser parameters as key1=value1,key2=value2")
 @click.option("--crawler", "-c", type=str, callback=parse_key_values, help="Crawler parameters as key1=value1,key2=value2")
 @click.option("--output", "-o", type=click.Choice(["all", "json", "markdown", "md", "markdown-fit", "md-fit"]), default="all")
-@click.option("--bypass-cache", is_flag=True, default=True, help="Bypass cache when crawling")
+@click.option("--output-file", "-O", type=click.Path(), help="Output file path (default: stdout)")
+@click.option("--bypass-cache", "-b", is_flag=True, default=True, help="Bypass cache when crawling")
 @click.option("--question", "-q", help="Ask a question about the crawled content")
 @click.option("--verbose", "-v", is_flag=True)
 @click.option("--profile", "-p", help="Use a specific browser profile (by name)")
 def crawl_cmd(url: str, browser_config: str, crawler_config: str, filter_config: str, 
-           extraction_config: str, schema: str, browser: Dict, crawler: Dict,
-           output: str, bypass_cache: bool, question: str, verbose: bool, profile: str):
+           extraction_config: str, json_extract: str, schema: str, browser: Dict, crawler: Dict,
+           output: str, output_file: str, bypass_cache: bool, question: str, verbose: bool, profile: str):
     """Crawl a website and extract content
     
     Simple Usage:
@@ -638,9 +1083,42 @@ def crawl_cmd(url: str, browser_config: str, crawler_config: str, filter_config:
                         threshold=filter_conf.get("threshold", 0.48)
                     )
                 )
+        
+        # Handle json-extract option (takes precedence over extraction-config)
+        if json_extract is not None:
+            # Get LLM provider and token
+            provider, token = setup_llm_config()
+            
+            # Default sophisticated instruction for structured data extraction
+            default_instruction = """Analyze the web page content and extract structured data as JSON. 
+If the page contains a list of items with repeated patterns, extract all items in an array. 
+If the page is an article or contains unique content, extract a comprehensive JSON object with all relevant information.
+Look at the content, intention of content, what it offers and find the data item(s) in the page.
+Always return valid, properly formatted JSON."""
+            
+            
+            default_instruction_with_user_query = """Analyze the web page content and extract structured data as JSON, following the below instruction and explanation of schema and always return valid, properly formatted JSON. \n\nInstruction:\n\n""" + json_extract
+            
+            # Determine instruction based on whether json_extract is empty or has content
+            instruction = default_instruction_with_user_query if json_extract else default_instruction
+            
+            # Create LLM extraction strategy
+            crawler_cfg.extraction_strategy = LLMExtractionStrategy(
+                llm_config=LLMConfig(provider=provider, api_token=token),
+                instruction=instruction,
+                schema=load_schema_file(schema),  # Will be None if no schema is provided
+                extraction_type="schema", #if schema else "block",
+                apply_chunking=False,
+                force_json_response=True,
+                verbose=verbose,
+            )
+            
+            # Set output to JSON if not explicitly specified
+            if output == "all":
+                output = "json"
                 
-        # Handle extraction strategy
-        if extraction_config:
+        # Handle extraction strategy from config file (only if json-extract wasn't used)
+        elif extraction_config:
             extract_conf = load_config_file(extraction_config)
             schema_data = load_schema_file(schema)
             
@@ -674,6 +1152,13 @@ def crawl_cmd(url: str, browser_config: str, crawler_config: str, filter_config:
         # No cache
         if bypass_cache:
             crawler_cfg.cache_mode = CacheMode.BYPASS
+
+        crawler_cfg.scraping_strategy = LXMLWebScrapingStrategy()    
+
+        config = get_global_config()
+        
+        browser_cfg.verbose = config.get("VERBOSE", False)
+        crawler_cfg.verbose = config.get("VERBOSE", False)
         
         # Run crawler
         result : CrawlResult = anyio.run(
@@ -692,14 +1177,31 @@ def crawl_cmd(url: str, browser_config: str, crawler_config: str, filter_config:
             return
         
         # Handle output
-        if output == "all":
-            click.echo(json.dumps(result.model_dump(), indent=2))
-        elif output == "json":
-            click.echo(json.dumps(json.loads(result.extracted_content), indent=2))
-        elif output in ["markdown", "md"]:
-            click.echo(result.markdown.raw_markdown)
-        elif output in ["markdown-fit", "md-fit"]:
-            click.echo(result.markdown.fit_markdown)
+        if not output_file:
+            if output == "all":
+                click.echo(json.dumps(result.model_dump(), indent=2))
+            elif output == "json":
+                print(result.extracted_content)
+                extracted_items = json.loads(result.extracted_content)
+                click.echo(json.dumps(extracted_items, indent=2))
+                
+            elif output in ["markdown", "md"]:
+                click.echo(result.markdown.raw_markdown)
+            elif output in ["markdown-fit", "md-fit"]:
+                click.echo(result.markdown.fit_markdown)
+        else:
+            if output == "all":
+                with open(output_file, "w") as f:
+                    f.write(json.dumps(result.model_dump(), indent=2))
+            elif output == "json":
+                with open(output_file, "w") as f:
+                    f.write(result.extracted_content)
+            elif output in ["markdown", "md"]:
+                with open(output_file, "w") as f:
+                    f.write(result.markdown.raw_markdown)
+            elif output in ["markdown-fit", "md-fit"]:
+                with open(output_file, "w") as f:
+                    f.write(result.markdown.fit_markdown)
             
     except Exception as e:
         raise click.ClickException(str(e))
@@ -709,6 +1211,120 @@ def examples_cmd():
     """Show usage examples"""
     show_examples()
 
+@cli.group("config")
+def config_cmd():
+    """Manage global configuration settings
+    
+    Commands to view and update global configuration settings:
+    - list: Display all current configuration settings
+    - get: Get the value of a specific setting
+    - set: Set the value of a specific setting
+    """
+    pass
+
+@config_cmd.command("list")
+def config_list_cmd():
+    """List all configuration settings"""
+    config = get_global_config()
+    
+    table = Table(title="Crawl4AI Configuration", show_header=True, header_style="bold cyan", border_style="blue")
+    table.add_column("Setting", style="cyan")
+    table.add_column("Value", style="green")
+    table.add_column("Default", style="yellow")
+    table.add_column("Description", style="white")
+    
+    for key, setting in USER_SETTINGS.items():
+        value = config.get(key, setting["default"])
+        
+        # Handle secret values
+        display_value = value
+        if setting.get("secret", False) and value:
+            display_value = "********"
+            
+        # Handle boolean values
+        if setting["type"] == "boolean":
+            display_value = str(value).lower()
+            default_value = str(setting["default"]).lower()
+        else:
+            default_value = str(setting["default"])
+        
+        table.add_row(
+            key,
+            str(display_value),
+            default_value,
+            setting["description"]
+        )
+    
+    console.print(table)
+
+@config_cmd.command("get")
+@click.argument("key", required=True)
+def config_get_cmd(key: str):
+    """Get a specific configuration setting"""
+    config = get_global_config()
+    
+    # Normalize key to uppercase
+    key = key.upper()
+    
+    if key not in USER_SETTINGS:
+        console.print(f"[red]Error: Unknown setting '{key}'[/red]")
+        return
+    
+    value = config.get(key, USER_SETTINGS[key]["default"])
+    
+    # Handle secret values
+    display_value = value
+    if USER_SETTINGS[key].get("secret", False) and value:
+        display_value = "********"
+    
+    console.print(f"[cyan]{key}[/cyan] = [green]{display_value}[/green]")
+    console.print(f"[dim]Description: {USER_SETTINGS[key]['description']}[/dim]")
+
+@config_cmd.command("set")
+@click.argument("key", required=True)
+@click.argument("value", required=True)
+def config_set_cmd(key: str, value: str):
+    """Set a configuration setting"""
+    config = get_global_config()
+    
+    # Normalize key to uppercase
+    key = key.upper()
+    
+    if key not in USER_SETTINGS:
+        console.print(f"[red]Error: Unknown setting '{key}'[/red]")
+        console.print(f"[yellow]Available settings: {', '.join(USER_SETTINGS.keys())}[/yellow]")
+        return
+    
+    setting = USER_SETTINGS[key]
+    
+    # Type conversion and validation
+    if setting["type"] == "boolean":
+        if value.lower() in ["true", "yes", "1", "y"]:
+            typed_value = True
+        elif value.lower() in ["false", "no", "0", "n"]:
+            typed_value = False
+        else:
+            console.print(f"[red]Error: Invalid boolean value. Use 'true' or 'false'.[/red]")
+            return
+    elif setting["type"] == "string":
+        typed_value = value
+        
+        # Check if the value should be one of the allowed options
+        if "options" in setting and value not in setting["options"]:
+            console.print(f"[red]Error: Value must be one of: {', '.join(setting['options'])}[/red]")
+            return
+    
+    # Update config
+    config[key] = typed_value
+    save_global_config(config)
+    
+    # Handle secret values for display
+    display_value = typed_value
+    if setting.get("secret", False) and typed_value:
+        display_value = "********"
+        
+    console.print(f"[green]Successfully set[/green] [cyan]{key}[/cyan] = [green]{display_value}[/green]")
+
 @cli.command("profiles")
 def profiles_cmd():
     """Manage browser profiles interactively
@@ -728,6 +1344,7 @@ def profiles_cmd():
 @click.option("--crawler-config", "-C", type=click.Path(exists=True), help="Crawler config file (YAML/JSON)")
 @click.option("--filter-config", "-f", type=click.Path(exists=True), help="Content filter config file")
 @click.option("--extraction-config", "-e", type=click.Path(exists=True), help="Extraction strategy config file")
+@click.option("--json-extract", "-j", is_flag=False, flag_value="", default=None, help="Extract structured data using LLM with optional description")
 @click.option("--schema", "-s", type=click.Path(exists=True), help="JSON schema for extraction")
 @click.option("--browser", "-b", type=str, callback=parse_key_values, help="Browser parameters as key1=value1,key2=value2")
 @click.option("--crawler", "-c", type=str, callback=parse_key_values, help="Crawler parameters as key1=value1,key2=value2")
@@ -737,7 +1354,7 @@ def profiles_cmd():
 @click.option("--verbose", "-v", is_flag=True)
 @click.option("--profile", "-p", help="Use a specific browser profile (by name)")
 def default(url: str, example: bool, browser_config: str, crawler_config: str, filter_config: str, 
-        extraction_config: str, schema: str, browser: Dict, crawler: Dict,
+        extraction_config: str, json_extract: str, schema: str, browser: Dict, crawler: Dict,
         output: str, bypass_cache: bool, question: str, verbose: bool, profile: str):
     """Crawl4AI CLI - Web content extraction tool
 
@@ -749,7 +1366,16 @@ def default(url: str, example: bool, browser_config: str, crawler_config: str, f
     Other commands:
         crwl profiles   - Manage browser profiles for identity-based crawling
         crwl crawl      - Crawl a website with advanced options
+        crwl cdp        - Launch browser with CDP debugging enabled
+        crwl browser    - Manage builtin browser (start, stop, status, restart)
+        crwl config     - Manage global configuration settings
         crwl examples   - Show more usage examples
+        
+    Configuration Examples:
+        crwl config list                         - List all configuration settings
+        crwl config get DEFAULT_LLM_PROVIDER     - Show current LLM provider
+        crwl config set VERBOSE true             - Enable verbose mode globally
+        crwl config set BROWSER_HEADLESS false   - Default to visible browser
     """
 
     if example:
@@ -770,7 +1396,8 @@ def default(url: str, example: bool, browser_config: str, crawler_config: str, f
         browser_config=browser_config,
         crawler_config=crawler_config,
         filter_config=filter_config,
-        extraction_config=extraction_config, 
+        extraction_config=extraction_config,
+        json_extract=json_extract,
         schema=schema,
         browser=browser,
         crawler=crawler,

crawl4ai/components/crawler_monitor.py

@@ -0,0 +1,837 @@
+import time
+import uuid
+import threading
+import psutil
+from datetime import datetime, timedelta
+from typing import Dict, Optional, List
+import threading
+from rich.console import Console
+from rich.layout import Layout
+from rich.panel import Panel
+from rich.table import Table
+from rich.text import Text
+from rich.live import Live
+from rich import box
+from ..models import CrawlStatus
+
+class TerminalUI:
+    """Terminal user interface for CrawlerMonitor using rich library."""
+    
+    def __init__(self, refresh_rate: float = 1.0, max_width: int = 120):
+        """
+        Initialize the terminal UI.
+        
+        Args:
+            refresh_rate: How often to refresh the UI (in seconds)
+            max_width: Maximum width of the UI in characters
+        """
+        self.console = Console(width=max_width)
+        self.layout = Layout()
+        self.refresh_rate = refresh_rate
+        self.stop_event = threading.Event()
+        self.ui_thread = None
+        self.monitor = None  # Will be set by CrawlerMonitor
+        self.max_width = max_width
+        
+        # Setup layout - vertical layout (top to bottom)
+        self.layout.split(
+            Layout(name="header", size=3),
+            Layout(name="pipeline_status", size=10),
+            Layout(name="task_details", ratio=1),
+            Layout(name="footer", size=3)  # Increased footer size to fit all content
+        )
+        
+    def start(self, monitor):
+        """Start the UI thread."""
+        self.monitor = monitor
+        self.stop_event.clear()
+        self.ui_thread = threading.Thread(target=self._ui_loop)
+        self.ui_thread.daemon = True
+        self.ui_thread.start()
+        
+    def stop(self):
+        """Stop the UI thread."""
+        if self.ui_thread and self.ui_thread.is_alive():
+            self.stop_event.set()
+            # Only try to join if we're not in the UI thread
+            # This prevents "cannot join current thread" errors
+            if threading.current_thread() != self.ui_thread:
+                self.ui_thread.join(timeout=5.0)
+    
+    def _ui_loop(self):
+        """Main UI rendering loop."""
+        import sys
+        import select
+        import termios
+        import tty
+        
+        # Setup terminal for non-blocking input
+        old_settings = termios.tcgetattr(sys.stdin)
+        try:
+            tty.setcbreak(sys.stdin.fileno())
+            
+            # Use Live display to render the UI
+            with Live(self.layout, refresh_per_second=1/self.refresh_rate, screen=True) as live:
+                self.live = live  # Store the live display for updates
+                
+                # Main UI loop
+                while not self.stop_event.is_set():
+                    self._update_display()
+                    
+                    # Check for key press (non-blocking)
+                    if select.select([sys.stdin], [], [], 0)[0]:
+                        key = sys.stdin.read(1)
+                        # Check for 'q' to quit
+                        if key == 'q':
+                            # Signal stop but don't call monitor.stop() from UI thread
+                            # as it would cause the thread to try to join itself
+                            self.stop_event.set()
+                            self.monitor.is_running = False
+                            break
+                    
+                    time.sleep(self.refresh_rate)
+                    
+                    # Just check if the monitor was stopped
+                    if not self.monitor.is_running:
+                        break
+        finally:
+            # Restore terminal settings
+            termios.tcsetattr(sys.stdin, termios.TCSADRAIN, old_settings)
+    
+    def _update_display(self):
+        """Update the terminal display with current statistics."""
+        if not self.monitor:
+            return
+            
+        # Update crawler status panel
+        self.layout["header"].update(self._create_status_panel())
+        
+        # Update pipeline status panel and task details panel
+        self.layout["pipeline_status"].update(self._create_pipeline_panel())
+        self.layout["task_details"].update(self._create_task_details_panel())
+        
+        # Update footer
+        self.layout["footer"].update(self._create_footer())
+    
+    def _create_status_panel(self) -> Panel:
+        """Create the crawler status panel."""
+        summary = self.monitor.get_summary()
+        
+        # Format memory status with icon
+        memory_status = self.monitor.get_memory_status()
+        memory_icon = "🟢"  # Default NORMAL
+        if memory_status == "PRESSURE":
+            memory_icon = "🟠"
+        elif memory_status == "CRITICAL":
+            memory_icon = "🔴"
+        
+        # Get current memory usage
+        current_memory = psutil.Process().memory_info().rss / (1024 * 1024)  # MB
+        memory_percent = (current_memory / psutil.virtual_memory().total) * 100
+        
+        # Format runtime
+        runtime = self.monitor._format_time(time.time() - self.monitor.start_time if self.monitor.start_time else 0)
+        
+        # Create the status text
+        status_text = Text()
+        status_text.append(f"Web Crawler Dashboard | Runtime: {runtime} | Memory: {memory_percent:.1f}% {memory_icon}\n")
+        status_text.append(f"Status: {memory_status} | URLs: {summary['urls_completed']}/{summary['urls_total']} | ")
+        status_text.append(f"Peak Mem: {summary['peak_memory_percent']:.1f}% at {self.monitor._format_time(summary['peak_memory_time'])}")
+        
+        return Panel(status_text, title="Crawler Status", border_style="blue")
+    
+    def _create_pipeline_panel(self) -> Panel:
+        """Create the pipeline status panel."""
+        summary = self.monitor.get_summary()
+        queue_stats = self.monitor.get_queue_stats()
+        
+        # Create a table for status counts
+        table = Table(show_header=True, box=None)
+        table.add_column("Status", style="cyan")
+        table.add_column("Count", justify="right")
+        table.add_column("Percentage", justify="right")
+        table.add_column("Stat", style="cyan")
+        table.add_column("Value", justify="right")
+        
+        # Calculate overall progress
+        progress = f"{summary['urls_completed']}/{summary['urls_total']}"
+        progress_percent = f"{summary['completion_percentage']:.1f}%"
+        
+        # Add rows for each status
+        table.add_row(
+            "Overall Progress", 
+            progress, 
+            progress_percent,
+            "Est. Completion", 
+            summary.get('estimated_completion_time', "N/A")
+        )
+        
+        # Add rows for each status
+        status_counts = summary['status_counts']
+        total = summary['urls_total'] or 1  # Avoid division by zero
+        
+        # Status rows
+        table.add_row(
+            "Completed", 
+            str(status_counts.get(CrawlStatus.COMPLETED.name, 0)),
+            f"{status_counts.get(CrawlStatus.COMPLETED.name, 0) / total * 100:.1f}%",
+            "Avg. Time/URL",
+            f"{summary.get('avg_task_duration', 0):.2f}s"
+        )
+        
+        table.add_row(
+            "Failed", 
+            str(status_counts.get(CrawlStatus.FAILED.name, 0)),
+            f"{status_counts.get(CrawlStatus.FAILED.name, 0) / total * 100:.1f}%",
+            "Concurrent Tasks",
+            str(status_counts.get(CrawlStatus.IN_PROGRESS.name, 0))
+        )
+        
+        table.add_row(
+            "In Progress", 
+            str(status_counts.get(CrawlStatus.IN_PROGRESS.name, 0)),
+            f"{status_counts.get(CrawlStatus.IN_PROGRESS.name, 0) / total * 100:.1f}%",
+            "Queue Size",
+            str(queue_stats['total_queued'])
+        )
+        
+        table.add_row(
+            "Queued", 
+            str(status_counts.get(CrawlStatus.QUEUED.name, 0)),
+            f"{status_counts.get(CrawlStatus.QUEUED.name, 0) / total * 100:.1f}%",
+            "Max Wait Time",
+            f"{queue_stats['highest_wait_time']:.1f}s"
+        )
+        
+        # Requeued is a special case as it's not a status
+        requeued_count = summary.get('requeued_count', 0)
+        table.add_row(
+            "Requeued", 
+            str(requeued_count),
+            f"{summary.get('requeue_rate', 0):.1f}%",
+            "Avg Wait Time",
+            f"{queue_stats['avg_wait_time']:.1f}s"
+        )
+        
+        # Add empty row for spacing
+        table.add_row(
+            "", 
+            "",
+            "",
+            "Requeue Rate",
+            f"{summary.get('requeue_rate', 0):.1f}%"
+        )
+        
+        return Panel(table, title="Pipeline Status", border_style="green")
+    
+    def _create_task_details_panel(self) -> Panel:
+        """Create the task details panel."""
+        # Create a table for task details
+        table = Table(show_header=True, expand=True)
+        table.add_column("Task ID", style="cyan", no_wrap=True, width=10)
+        table.add_column("URL", style="blue", ratio=3)
+        table.add_column("Status", style="green", width=15)
+        table.add_column("Memory", justify="right", width=8)
+        table.add_column("Peak", justify="right", width=8)
+        table.add_column("Duration", justify="right", width=10)
+        
+        # Get all task stats
+        task_stats = self.monitor.get_all_task_stats()
+        
+        # Add summary row
+        active_tasks = sum(1 for stats in task_stats.values() 
+                          if stats['status'] == CrawlStatus.IN_PROGRESS.name)
+        
+        total_memory = sum(stats['memory_usage'] for stats in task_stats.values())
+        total_peak = sum(stats['peak_memory'] for stats in task_stats.values())
+        
+        # Summary row with separators
+        table.add_row(
+            "SUMMARY", 
+            f"Total: {len(task_stats)}", 
+            f"Active: {active_tasks}",
+            f"{total_memory:.1f}",
+            f"{total_peak:.1f}",
+            "N/A"
+        )
+        
+        # Add a separator
+        table.add_row("—" * 10, "—" * 20, "—" * 10, "—" * 8, "—" * 8, "—" * 10)
+        
+        # Status icons
+        status_icons = {
+            CrawlStatus.QUEUED.name: "⏳",
+            CrawlStatus.IN_PROGRESS.name: "🔄",
+            CrawlStatus.COMPLETED.name: "✅",
+            CrawlStatus.FAILED.name: "❌"
+        }
+        
+        # Calculate how many rows we can display based on available space
+        # We can display more rows now that we have a dedicated panel
+        display_count = min(len(task_stats), 20)  # Display up to 20 tasks
+        
+        # Add rows for each task
+        for task_id, stats in sorted(
+            list(task_stats.items())[:display_count],
+            # Sort: 1. IN_PROGRESS first, 2. QUEUED, 3. COMPLETED/FAILED by recency
+            key=lambda x: (
+                0 if x[1]['status'] == CrawlStatus.IN_PROGRESS.name else 
+                1 if x[1]['status'] == CrawlStatus.QUEUED.name else 
+                2,
+                -1 * (x[1].get('end_time', 0) or 0)  # Most recent first
+            )
+        ):
+            # Truncate task_id and URL for display
+            short_id = task_id[:8]
+            url = stats['url']
+            if len(url) > 50:  # Allow longer URLs in the dedicated panel
+                url = url[:47] + "..."
+                
+            # Format status with icon
+            status = f"{status_icons.get(stats['status'], '?')} {stats['status']}"
+            
+            # Add row
+            table.add_row(
+                short_id,
+                url,
+                status,
+                f"{stats['memory_usage']:.1f}",
+                f"{stats['peak_memory']:.1f}",
+                stats['duration'] if 'duration' in stats else "0:00"
+            )
+        
+        return Panel(table, title="Task Details", border_style="yellow")
+    
+    def _create_footer(self) -> Panel:
+        """Create the footer panel."""
+        from rich.columns import Columns
+        from rich.align import Align
+        
+        memory_status = self.monitor.get_memory_status()
+        memory_icon = "🟢"  # Default NORMAL
+        if memory_status == "PRESSURE":
+            memory_icon = "🟠"
+        elif memory_status == "CRITICAL":
+            memory_icon = "🔴"
+        
+        # Left section - memory status
+        left_text = Text()
+        left_text.append("Memory Status: ", style="bold")
+        status_style = "green" if memory_status == "NORMAL" else "yellow" if memory_status == "PRESSURE" else "red bold"
+        left_text.append(f"{memory_icon} {memory_status}", style=status_style)
+        
+        # Center section - copyright
+        center_text = Text("© Crawl4AI 2025 | Made by UnclecCode", style="cyan italic")
+        
+        # Right section - quit instruction
+        right_text = Text()
+        right_text.append("Press ", style="bold")
+        right_text.append("q", style="white on blue")
+        right_text.append(" to quit", style="bold")
+        
+        # Create columns with the three sections
+        footer_content = Columns(
+            [
+                Align.left(left_text),
+                Align.center(center_text),
+                Align.right(right_text)
+            ],
+            expand=True
+        )
+        
+        # Create a more visible footer panel
+        return Panel(
+            footer_content,
+            border_style="white",
+            padding=(0, 1)  # Add padding for better visibility
+        )
+
+
+class CrawlerMonitor:
+    """
+    Comprehensive monitoring and visualization system for tracking web crawler operations in real-time.
+    Provides a terminal-based dashboard that displays task statuses, memory usage, queue statistics,
+    and performance metrics.
+    """
+    
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        urls_total: int = 0,
+        refresh_rate: float = 1.0,
+        enable_ui: bool = True,
+        max_width: int = 120
+    ):
+        """
+        Initialize the CrawlerMonitor.
+        
+        Args:
+            urls_total: Total number of URLs to be crawled
+            refresh_rate: How often to refresh the UI (in seconds)
+            enable_ui: Whether to display the terminal UI
+            max_width: Maximum width of the UI in characters
+        """
+        # Core monitoring attributes
+        self.stats = {}  # Task ID -> stats dict
+        self.memory_status = "NORMAL"
+        self.start_time = None
+        self.end_time = None
+        self.is_running = False
+        self.queue_stats = {
+            "total_queued": 0,
+            "highest_wait_time": 0.0,
+            "avg_wait_time": 0.0
+        }
+        self.urls_total = urls_total
+        self.urls_completed = 0
+        self.peak_memory_percent = 0.0
+        self.peak_memory_time = 0.0
+        
+        # Status counts
+        self.status_counts = {
+            CrawlStatus.QUEUED.name: 0,
+            CrawlStatus.IN_PROGRESS.name: 0,
+            CrawlStatus.COMPLETED.name: 0,
+            CrawlStatus.FAILED.name: 0
+        }
+        
+        # Requeue tracking
+        self.requeued_count = 0
+        
+        # Thread-safety
+        self._lock = threading.RLock()
+        
+        # Terminal UI
+        self.enable_ui = enable_ui
+        self.terminal_ui = TerminalUI(
+            refresh_rate=refresh_rate, 
+            max_width=max_width
+        ) if enable_ui else None
+    
+    def start(self):
+        """
+        Start the monitoring session.
+        
+        - Initializes the start_time
+        - Sets is_running to True
+        - Starts the terminal UI if enabled
+        """
+        with self._lock:
+            self.start_time = time.time()
+            self.is_running = True
+            
+            # Start the terminal UI
+            if self.enable_ui and self.terminal_ui:
+                self.terminal_ui.start(self)
+    
+    def stop(self):
+        """
+        Stop the monitoring session.
+        
+        - Records end_time
+        - Sets is_running to False
+        - Stops the terminal UI
+        - Generates final summary statistics
+        """
+        with self._lock:
+            self.end_time = time.time()
+            self.is_running = False
+            
+            # Stop the terminal UI
+            if self.enable_ui and self.terminal_ui:
+                self.terminal_ui.stop()
+    
+    def add_task(self, task_id: str, url: str):
+        """
+        Register a new task with the monitor.
+        
+        Args:
+            task_id: Unique identifier for the task
+            url: URL being crawled
+            
+        The task is initialized with:
+            - status: QUEUED
+            - url: The URL to crawl
+            - enqueue_time: Current time
+            - memory_usage: 0
+            - peak_memory: 0
+            - wait_time: 0
+            - retry_count: 0
+        """
+        with self._lock:
+            self.stats[task_id] = {
+                "task_id": task_id,
+                "url": url,
+                "status": CrawlStatus.QUEUED.name,
+                "enqueue_time": time.time(),
+                "start_time": None,
+                "end_time": None,
+                "memory_usage": 0.0,
+                "peak_memory": 0.0,
+                "error_message": "",
+                "wait_time": 0.0,
+                "retry_count": 0,
+                "duration": "0:00",
+                "counted_requeue": False
+            }
+            
+            # Update status counts
+            self.status_counts[CrawlStatus.QUEUED.name] += 1
+    
+    def update_task(
+        self, 
+        task_id: str, 
+        status: Optional[CrawlStatus] = None,
+        start_time: Optional[float] = None,
+        end_time: Optional[float] = None,
+        memory_usage: Optional[float] = None,
+        peak_memory: Optional[float] = None,
+        error_message: Optional[str] = None,
+        retry_count: Optional[int] = None,
+        wait_time: Optional[float] = None
+    ):
+        """
+        Update statistics for a specific task.
+        
+        Args:
+            task_id: Unique identifier for the task
+            status: New status (QUEUED, IN_PROGRESS, COMPLETED, FAILED)
+            start_time: When task execution started
+            end_time: When task execution ended
+            memory_usage: Current memory usage in MB
+            peak_memory: Maximum memory usage in MB
+            error_message: Error description if failed
+            retry_count: Number of retry attempts
+            wait_time: Time spent in queue
+            
+        Updates task statistics and updates status counts.
+        If status changes, decrements old status count and 
+        increments new status count.
+        """
+        with self._lock:
+            # Check if task exists
+            if task_id not in self.stats:
+                return
+            
+            task_stats = self.stats[task_id]
+            
+            # Update status counts if status is changing
+            old_status = task_stats["status"]
+            if status and status.name != old_status:
+                self.status_counts[old_status] -= 1
+                self.status_counts[status.name] += 1
+                
+                # Track completion
+                if status == CrawlStatus.COMPLETED:
+                    self.urls_completed += 1
+                
+                # Track requeues
+                if old_status in [CrawlStatus.COMPLETED.name, CrawlStatus.FAILED.name] and not task_stats.get("counted_requeue", False):
+                    self.requeued_count += 1
+                    task_stats["counted_requeue"] = True
+            
+            # Update task statistics
+            if status:
+                task_stats["status"] = status.name
+            if start_time is not None:
+                task_stats["start_time"] = start_time
+            if end_time is not None:
+                task_stats["end_time"] = end_time
+            if memory_usage is not None:
+                task_stats["memory_usage"] = memory_usage
+                
+                # Update peak memory if necessary
+                current_percent = (memory_usage / psutil.virtual_memory().total) * 100
+                if current_percent > self.peak_memory_percent:
+                    self.peak_memory_percent = current_percent
+                    self.peak_memory_time = time.time()
+                
+            if peak_memory is not None:
+                task_stats["peak_memory"] = peak_memory
+            if error_message is not None:
+                task_stats["error_message"] = error_message
+            if retry_count is not None:
+                task_stats["retry_count"] = retry_count
+            if wait_time is not None:
+                task_stats["wait_time"] = wait_time
+            
+            # Calculate duration
+            if task_stats["start_time"]:
+                end = task_stats["end_time"] or time.time()
+                duration = end - task_stats["start_time"]
+                task_stats["duration"] = self._format_time(duration)
+    
+    def update_memory_status(self, status: str):
+        """
+        Update the current memory status.
+        
+        Args:
+            status: Memory status (NORMAL, PRESSURE, CRITICAL, or custom)
+            
+        Also updates the UI to reflect the new status.
+        """
+        with self._lock:
+            self.memory_status = status
+    
+    def update_queue_statistics(
+        self,
+        total_queued: int,
+        highest_wait_time: float,
+        avg_wait_time: float
+    ):
+        """
+        Update statistics related to the task queue.
+        
+        Args:
+            total_queued: Number of tasks currently in queue
+            highest_wait_time: Longest wait time of any queued task
+            avg_wait_time: Average wait time across all queued tasks
+        """
+        with self._lock:
+            self.queue_stats = {
+                "total_queued": total_queued,
+                "highest_wait_time": highest_wait_time,
+                "avg_wait_time": avg_wait_time
+            }
+    
+    def get_task_stats(self, task_id: str) -> Dict:
+        """
+        Get statistics for a specific task.
+        
+        Args:
+            task_id: Unique identifier for the task
+            
+        Returns:
+            Dictionary containing all task statistics
+        """
+        with self._lock:
+            return self.stats.get(task_id, {}).copy()
+    
+    def get_all_task_stats(self) -> Dict[str, Dict]:
+        """
+        Get statistics for all tasks.
+        
+        Returns:
+            Dictionary mapping task_ids to their statistics
+        """
+        with self._lock:
+            return self.stats.copy()
+    
+    def get_memory_status(self) -> str:
+        """
+        Get the current memory status.
+        
+        Returns:
+            Current memory status string
+        """
+        with self._lock:
+            return self.memory_status
+    
+    def get_queue_stats(self) -> Dict:
+        """
+        Get current queue statistics.
+        
+        Returns:
+            Dictionary with queue statistics including:
+            - total_queued: Number of tasks in queue
+            - highest_wait_time: Longest wait time
+            - avg_wait_time: Average wait time
+        """
+        with self._lock:
+            return self.queue_stats.copy()
+    
+    def get_summary(self) -> Dict:
+        """
+        Get a summary of all crawler statistics.
+        
+        Returns:
+            Dictionary containing:
+            - runtime: Total runtime in seconds
+            - urls_total: Total URLs to process
+            - urls_completed: Number of completed URLs
+            - completion_percentage: Percentage complete
+            - status_counts: Count of tasks in each status
+            - memory_status: Current memory status
+            - peak_memory_percent: Highest memory usage
+            - peak_memory_time: When peak memory occurred
+            - avg_task_duration: Average task processing time
+            - estimated_completion_time: Projected finish time
+            - requeue_rate: Percentage of tasks requeued
+        """
+        with self._lock:
+            # Calculate runtime
+            current_time = time.time()
+            runtime = current_time - (self.start_time or current_time)
+            
+            # Calculate completion percentage
+            completion_percentage = 0
+            if self.urls_total > 0:
+                completion_percentage = (self.urls_completed / self.urls_total) * 100
+            
+            # Calculate average task duration for completed tasks
+            completed_tasks = [
+                task for task in self.stats.values() 
+                if task["status"] == CrawlStatus.COMPLETED.name and task.get("start_time") and task.get("end_time")
+            ]
+            
+            avg_task_duration = 0
+            if completed_tasks:
+                total_duration = sum(task["end_time"] - task["start_time"] for task in completed_tasks)
+                avg_task_duration = total_duration / len(completed_tasks)
+            
+            # Calculate requeue rate
+            requeue_rate = 0
+            if len(self.stats) > 0:
+                requeue_rate = (self.requeued_count / len(self.stats)) * 100
+            
+            # Calculate estimated completion time
+            estimated_completion_time = "N/A"
+            if avg_task_duration > 0 and self.urls_total > 0 and self.urls_completed > 0:
+                remaining_tasks = self.urls_total - self.urls_completed
+                estimated_seconds = remaining_tasks * avg_task_duration
+                estimated_completion_time = self._format_time(estimated_seconds)
+            
+            return {
+                "runtime": runtime,
+                "urls_total": self.urls_total,
+                "urls_completed": self.urls_completed,
+                "completion_percentage": completion_percentage,
+                "status_counts": self.status_counts.copy(),
+                "memory_status": self.memory_status,
+                "peak_memory_percent": self.peak_memory_percent,
+                "peak_memory_time": self.peak_memory_time,
+                "avg_task_duration": avg_task_duration,
+                "estimated_completion_time": estimated_completion_time,
+                "requeue_rate": requeue_rate,
+                "requeued_count": self.requeued_count
+            }
+    
+    def render(self):
+        """
+        Render the terminal UI.
+        
+        This is the main UI rendering loop that:
+        1. Updates all statistics
+        2. Formats the display
+        3. Renders the ASCII interface
+        4. Handles keyboard input
+        
+        Note: The actual rendering is handled by the TerminalUI class
+        which uses the rich library's Live display.
+        """
+        if self.enable_ui and self.terminal_ui:
+            # Force an update of the UI
+            if hasattr(self.terminal_ui, '_update_display'):
+                self.terminal_ui._update_display()
+    
+    def _format_time(self, seconds: float) -> str:
+        """
+        Format time in hours:minutes:seconds.
+        
+        Args:
+            seconds: Time in seconds
+            
+        Returns:
+            Formatted time string (e.g., "1:23:45")
+        """
+        delta = timedelta(seconds=int(seconds))
+        hours, remainder = divmod(delta.seconds, 3600)
+        minutes, seconds = divmod(remainder, 60)
+        
+        if hours > 0:
+            return f"{hours}:{minutes:02}:{seconds:02}"
+        else:
+            return f"{minutes}:{seconds:02}"
+    
+    def _calculate_estimated_completion(self) -> str:
+        """
+        Calculate estimated completion time based on current progress.
+        
+        Returns:
+            Formatted time string
+        """
+        summary = self.get_summary()
+        return summary.get("estimated_completion_time", "N/A")
+
+
+# Example code for testing
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    # Initialize the monitor
+    monitor = CrawlerMonitor(urls_total=100)
+    
+    # Start monitoring
+    monitor.start()
+    
+    try:
+        # Simulate some tasks
+        for i in range(20):
+            task_id = str(uuid.uuid4())
+            url = f"https://example.com/page{i}"
+            monitor.add_task(task_id, url)
+            
+            # Simulate 20% of tasks are already running
+            if i < 4:
+                monitor.update_task(
+                    task_id=task_id,
+                    status=CrawlStatus.IN_PROGRESS,
+                    start_time=time.time() - 30,  # Started 30 seconds ago
+                    memory_usage=10.5
+                )
+                
+            # Simulate 10% of tasks are completed
+            if i >= 4 and i < 6:
+                start_time = time.time() - 60
+                end_time = time.time() - 15
+                monitor.update_task(
+                    task_id=task_id,
+                    status=CrawlStatus.IN_PROGRESS,
+                    start_time=start_time,
+                    memory_usage=8.2
+                )
+                monitor.update_task(
+                    task_id=task_id,
+                    status=CrawlStatus.COMPLETED,
+                    end_time=end_time,
+                    memory_usage=0,
+                    peak_memory=15.7
+                )
+                
+            # Simulate 5% of tasks fail
+            if i >= 6 and i < 7:
+                start_time = time.time() - 45
+                end_time = time.time() - 20
+                monitor.update_task(
+                    task_id=task_id,
+                    status=CrawlStatus.IN_PROGRESS,
+                    start_time=start_time,
+                    memory_usage=12.3
+                )
+                monitor.update_task(
+                    task_id=task_id,
+                    status=CrawlStatus.FAILED,
+                    end_time=end_time,
+                    memory_usage=0,
+                    peak_memory=18.2,
+                    error_message="Connection timeout"
+                )
+        
+        # Simulate memory pressure
+        monitor.update_memory_status("PRESSURE")
+        
+        # Simulate queue statistics
+        monitor.update_queue_statistics(
+            total_queued=16,  # 20 - 4 (in progress)
+            highest_wait_time=120.5,
+            avg_wait_time=60.2
+        )
+        
+        # Keep the monitor running for a demonstration
+        print("Crawler Monitor is running. Press 'q' to exit.")
+        while monitor.is_running:
+            time.sleep(0.1)
+            
+    except KeyboardInterrupt:
+        print("\nExiting crawler monitor...")
+    finally:
+        # Stop the monitor
+        monitor.stop()
+        print("Crawler monitor exited successfully.")

crawl4ai/config.py

@@ -4,7 +4,8 @@ from dotenv import load_dotenv
 load_dotenv()  # Load environment variables from .env file
 
 # Default provider, ONLY used when the extraction strategy is LLMExtractionStrategy
-DEFAULT_PROVIDER = "openai/gpt-4o-mini"
+DEFAULT_PROVIDER = "openai/gpt-4o"
+DEFAULT_PROVIDER_API_KEY = "OPENAI_API_KEY"
 MODEL_REPO_BRANCH = "new-release-0.0.2"
 # Provider-model dictionary, ONLY used when the extraction strategy is LLMExtractionStrategy
 PROVIDER_MODELS = {
@@ -92,3 +93,46 @@ SHOW_DEPRECATION_WARNINGS = True
 SCREENSHOT_HEIGHT_TRESHOLD = 10000
 PAGE_TIMEOUT = 60000
 DOWNLOAD_PAGE_TIMEOUT = 60000
+
+# Global user settings with descriptions and default values
+USER_SETTINGS = {
+    "DEFAULT_LLM_PROVIDER": {
+        "default": "openai/gpt-4o",
+        "description": "Default LLM provider in 'company/model' format (e.g., 'openai/gpt-4o', 'anthropic/claude-3-sonnet')",
+        "type": "string"
+    },
+    "DEFAULT_LLM_PROVIDER_TOKEN": {
+        "default": "",
+        "description": "API token for the default LLM provider",
+        "type": "string",
+        "secret": True
+    },
+    "VERBOSE": {
+        "default": False,
+        "description": "Enable verbose output for all commands",
+        "type": "boolean"
+    },
+    "BROWSER_HEADLESS": {
+        "default": True,
+        "description": "Run browser in headless mode by default",
+        "type": "boolean"
+    },
+    "BROWSER_TYPE": {
+        "default": "chromium",
+        "description": "Default browser type (chromium or firefox)",
+        "type": "string",
+        "options": ["chromium", "firefox"]
+    },
+    "CACHE_MODE": {
+        "default": "bypass",
+        "description": "Default cache mode (bypass, use, or refresh)",
+        "type": "string",
+        "options": ["bypass", "use", "refresh"]
+    },
+    "USER_AGENT_MODE": {
+        "default": "default",
+        "description": "Default user agent mode (default, random, or mobile)",
+        "type": "string",
+        "options": ["default", "random", "mobile"]
+    }
+}

crawl4ai/configs/__init__.py

@@ -1,2 +0,0 @@
-from .proxy_config import ProxyConfig
-__all__ = ["ProxyConfig"]

crawl4ai/configs/proxy_config.py

@@ -1,113 +0,0 @@
-import os
-from typing import Dict, List, Optional
-
-
-class ProxyConfig:
-    def __init__(
-        self,
-        server: str,
-        username: Optional[str] = None,
-        password: Optional[str] = None,
-        ip: Optional[str] = None,
-    ):
-        """Configuration class for a single proxy.
-        
-        Args:
-            server: Proxy server URL (e.g., "http://127.0.0.1:8080")
-            username: Optional username for proxy authentication
-            password: Optional password for proxy authentication
-            ip: Optional IP address for verification purposes
-        """
-        self.server = server
-        self.username = username
-        self.password = password
-        
-        # Extract IP from server if not explicitly provided
-        self.ip = ip or self._extract_ip_from_server()
-    
-    def _extract_ip_from_server(self) -> Optional[str]:
-        """Extract IP address from server URL."""
-        try:
-            # Simple extraction assuming http://ip:port format
-            if "://" in self.server:
-                parts = self.server.split("://")[1].split(":")
-                return parts[0]
-            else:
-                parts = self.server.split(":")
-                return parts[0]
-        except Exception:
-            return None
-    
-    @staticmethod
-    def from_string(proxy_str: str) -> "ProxyConfig":
-        """Create a ProxyConfig from a string in the format 'ip:port:username:password'."""
-        parts = proxy_str.split(":")
-        if len(parts) == 4:  # ip:port:username:password
-            ip, port, username, password = parts
-            return ProxyConfig(
-                server=f"http://{ip}:{port}",
-                username=username,
-                password=password,
-                ip=ip
-            )
-        elif len(parts) == 2:  # ip:port only
-            ip, port = parts
-            return ProxyConfig(
-                server=f"http://{ip}:{port}",
-                ip=ip
-            )
-        else:
-            raise ValueError(f"Invalid proxy string format: {proxy_str}")
-    
-    @staticmethod
-    def from_dict(proxy_dict: Dict) -> "ProxyConfig":
-        """Create a ProxyConfig from a dictionary."""
-        return ProxyConfig(
-            server=proxy_dict.get("server"),
-            username=proxy_dict.get("username"),
-            password=proxy_dict.get("password"),
-            ip=proxy_dict.get("ip")
-        )
-    
-    @staticmethod
-    def from_env(env_var: str = "PROXIES") -> List["ProxyConfig"]:
-        """Load proxies from environment variable.
-        
-        Args:
-            env_var: Name of environment variable containing comma-separated proxy strings
-            
-        Returns:
-            List of ProxyConfig objects
-        """
-        proxies = []
-        try:
-            proxy_list = os.getenv(env_var, "").split(",")
-            for proxy in proxy_list:
-                if not proxy:
-                    continue
-                proxies.append(ProxyConfig.from_string(proxy))
-        except Exception as e:
-            print(f"Error loading proxies from environment: {e}")
-        return proxies
-    
-    def to_dict(self) -> Dict:
-        """Convert to dictionary representation."""
-        return {
-            "server": self.server,
-            "username": self.username,
-            "password": self.password,
-            "ip": self.ip
-        }
-    
-    def clone(self, **kwargs) -> "ProxyConfig":
-        """Create a copy of this configuration with updated values.
-
-        Args:
-            **kwargs: Key-value pairs of configuration options to update
-
-        Returns:
-            ProxyConfig: A new instance with the specified updates
-        """
-        config_dict = self.to_dict()
-        config_dict.update(kwargs)
-        return ProxyConfig.from_dict(config_dict)

crawl4ai/content_scraping_strategy.py

@@ -155,6 +155,7 @@ class WebScrapingStrategy(ContentScrapingStrategy):
                 for aud in raw_result.get("media", {}).get("audios", [])
                 if aud
             ],
+            tables=raw_result.get("media", {}).get("tables", [])
         )
 
         # Convert links
@@ -193,6 +194,153 @@ class WebScrapingStrategy(ContentScrapingStrategy):
         """
         return await asyncio.to_thread(self._scrap, url, html, **kwargs)
 
+    def is_data_table(self, table: Tag, **kwargs) -> bool:
+        """
+        Determine if a table element is a data table (not a layout table).
+
+        Args:
+            table (Tag): BeautifulSoup Tag representing a table element
+            **kwargs: Additional keyword arguments including table_score_threshold
+
+        Returns:
+            bool: True if the table is a data table, False otherwise
+        """
+        score = 0
+        
+        # Check for thead and tbody
+        has_thead = len(table.select('thead')) > 0
+        has_tbody = len(table.select('tbody')) > 0
+        if has_thead:
+            score += 2
+        if has_tbody:
+            score += 1
+            
+        # Check for th elements
+        th_count = len(table.select('th'))
+        if th_count > 0:
+            score += 2
+            if has_thead or len(table.select('tr:first-child th')) > 0:
+                score += 1
+                
+        # Check for nested tables
+        if len(table.select('table')) > 0:
+            score -= 3
+            
+        # Role attribute check
+        role = table.get('role', '').lower()
+        if role in {'presentation', 'none'}:
+            score -= 3
+            
+        # Column consistency
+        rows = table.select('tr')
+        if not rows:
+            return False
+            
+        col_counts = [len(row.select('td, th')) for row in rows]
+        avg_cols = sum(col_counts) / len(col_counts)
+        variance = sum((c - avg_cols)**2 for c in col_counts) / len(col_counts)
+        if variance < 1:
+            score += 2
+            
+        # Caption and summary
+        if table.select('caption'):
+            score += 2
+        if table.has_attr('summary') and table['summary']:
+            score += 1
+            
+        # Text density
+        total_text = sum(len(cell.get_text().strip()) for row in rows for cell in row.select('td, th'))
+        total_tags = sum(1 for _ in table.descendants if isinstance(_, Tag))
+        text_ratio = total_text / (total_tags + 1e-5)
+        if text_ratio > 20:
+            score += 3
+        elif text_ratio > 10:
+            score += 2
+            
+        # Data attributes
+        data_attrs = sum(1 for attr in table.attrs if attr.startswith('data-'))
+        score += data_attrs * 0.5
+        
+        # Size check
+        if avg_cols >= 2 and len(rows) >= 2:
+            score += 2
+            
+        threshold = kwargs.get('table_score_threshold', 7)
+        return score >= threshold
+    
+    def extract_table_data(self, table: Tag) -> dict:
+        """
+        Extract structured data from a table element.
+        
+        Args:
+            table (Tag): BeautifulSoup Tag representing a table element
+            
+        Returns:
+            dict: Dictionary containing table data (headers, rows, caption, summary)
+        """
+        caption_elem = table.select_one('caption')
+        caption = caption_elem.get_text().strip() if caption_elem else ""
+        summary = table.get('summary', '').strip()
+        
+        # Extract headers with colspan handling
+        headers = []
+        thead_rows = table.select('thead tr')
+        if thead_rows:
+            header_cells = thead_rows[0].select('th')
+            for cell in header_cells:
+                text = cell.get_text().strip()
+                colspan = int(cell.get('colspan', 1))
+                headers.extend([text] * colspan)
+        else:
+            first_row = table.select('tr:first-child')
+            if first_row:
+                for cell in first_row[0].select('th, td'):
+                    text = cell.get_text().strip()
+                    colspan = int(cell.get('colspan', 1))
+                    headers.extend([text] * colspan)
+        
+        # Extract rows with colspan handling
+        rows = []
+        all_rows = table.select('tr')
+        thead = table.select_one('thead')
+        tbody_rows = []
+
+        if thead:
+            thead_rows = thead.select('tr')
+            tbody_rows = [row for row in all_rows if row not in thead_rows]
+        else:
+            if all_rows and all_rows[0].select('th'):
+                tbody_rows = all_rows[1:]
+            else:
+                tbody_rows = all_rows
+                
+        for row in tbody_rows:        
+        # for row in table.select('tr:not(:has(ancestor::thead))'):
+            row_data = []
+            for cell in row.select('td'):
+                text = cell.get_text().strip()
+                colspan = int(cell.get('colspan', 1))
+                row_data.extend([text] * colspan)
+            if row_data:
+                rows.append(row_data)
+                
+        # Align rows with headers
+        max_columns = len(headers) if headers else (max(len(row) for row in rows) if rows else 0)
+        aligned_rows = []
+        for row in rows:
+            aligned = row[:max_columns] + [''] * (max_columns - len(row))
+            aligned_rows.append(aligned)
+            
+        if not headers:
+            headers = [f"Column {i+1}" for i in range(max_columns)]
+            
+        return {
+            "headers": headers,
+            "rows": aligned_rows,
+            "caption": caption,
+            "summary": summary,
+        }
+    
     def flatten_nested_elements(self, node):
         """
         Flatten nested elements in a HTML tree.
@@ -431,7 +579,7 @@ class WebScrapingStrategy(ContentScrapingStrategy):
         Returns:
             dict: A dictionary containing the processed element information.
         """
-        media = {"images": [], "videos": [], "audios": []}
+        media = {"images": [], "videos": [], "audios": [], "tables": []}
         internal_links_dict = {}
         external_links_dict = {}
         self._process_element(
@@ -688,6 +836,7 @@ class WebScrapingStrategy(ContentScrapingStrategy):
         html: str,
         word_count_threshold: int = MIN_WORD_THRESHOLD,
         css_selector: str = None,
+        target_elements: List[str] = None,
         **kwargs,
     ) -> Dict[str, Any]:
         """
@@ -742,22 +891,37 @@ class WebScrapingStrategy(ContentScrapingStrategy):
                 for element in body.select(excluded_selector):
                     element.extract()
 
-        if css_selector:
-            selected_elements = body.select(css_selector)
-            if not selected_elements:
-                return {
-                    "markdown": "",
-                    "cleaned_html": "",
-                    "success": True,
-                    "media": {"images": [], "videos": [], "audios": []},
-                    "links": {"internal": [], "external": []},
-                    "metadata": {},
-                    "message": f"No elements found for CSS selector: {css_selector}",
-                }
-                # raise InvalidCSSSelectorError(f"Invalid CSS selector, No elements found for CSS selector: {css_selector}")
-            body = soup.new_tag("div")
-            for el in selected_elements:
-                body.append(el)
+        # if False and css_selector:
+        #     selected_elements = body.select(css_selector)
+        #     if not selected_elements:
+        #         return {
+        #             "markdown": "",
+        #             "cleaned_html": "",
+        #             "success": True,
+        #             "media": {"images": [], "videos": [], "audios": []},
+        #             "links": {"internal": [], "external": []},
+        #             "metadata": {},
+        #             "message": f"No elements found for CSS selector: {css_selector}",
+        #         }
+        #         # raise InvalidCSSSelectorError(f"Invalid CSS selector, No elements found for CSS selector: {css_selector}")
+        #     body = soup.new_tag("div")
+        #     for el in selected_elements:
+        #         body.append(el)
+
+        content_element = None
+        if target_elements:
+            try:
+                for_content_targeted_element = []
+                for target_element in target_elements:
+                    for_content_targeted_element.extend(body.select(target_element))
+                content_element = soup.new_tag("div")
+                for el in for_content_targeted_element:
+                    content_element.append(el)
+            except Exception as e:
+                self._log("error", f"Error with target element detection: {str(e)}", "SCRAPE")
+                return None
+        else:
+            content_element = body        
 
         kwargs["exclude_social_media_domains"] = set(
             kwargs.get("exclude_social_media_domains", []) + SOCIAL_MEDIA_DOMAINS
@@ -797,6 +961,15 @@ class WebScrapingStrategy(ContentScrapingStrategy):
             if result is not None
             for img in result
         ]
+        
+        # Process tables if not excluded
+        excluded_tags = set(kwargs.get("excluded_tags", []) or [])
+        if 'table' not in excluded_tags:
+            tables = body.find_all('table')
+            for table in tables:
+                if self.is_data_table(table, **kwargs):
+                    table_data = self.extract_table_data(table)
+                    media["tables"].append(table_data)
 
         body = self.flatten_nested_elements(body)
         base64_pattern = re.compile(r'data:image/[^;]+;base64,([^"]+)')
@@ -808,7 +981,7 @@ class WebScrapingStrategy(ContentScrapingStrategy):
 
         str_body = ""
         try:
-            str_body = body.encode_contents().decode("utf-8")
+            str_body = content_element.encode_contents().decode("utf-8")
         except Exception:
             # Reset body to the original HTML
             success = False
@@ -847,7 +1020,6 @@ class WebScrapingStrategy(ContentScrapingStrategy):
         cleaned_html = str_body.replace("\n\n", "\n").replace("  ", " ")
 
         return {
-            # **markdown_content,
             "cleaned_html": cleaned_html,
             "success": success,
             "media": media,
@@ -1187,12 +1359,125 @@ class LXMLWebScrapingStrategy(WebScrapingStrategy):
 
         return root
 
+    def is_data_table(self, table: etree.Element, **kwargs) -> bool:
+        score = 0
+        # Check for thead and tbody
+        has_thead = len(table.xpath(".//thead")) > 0
+        has_tbody = len(table.xpath(".//tbody")) > 0
+        if has_thead:
+            score += 2
+        if has_tbody:
+            score += 1
+
+        # Check for th elements
+        th_count = len(table.xpath(".//th"))
+        if th_count > 0:
+            score += 2
+            if has_thead or table.xpath(".//tr[1]/th"):
+                score += 1
+
+        # Check for nested tables
+        if len(table.xpath(".//table")) > 0:
+            score -= 3
+
+        # Role attribute check
+        role = table.get("role", "").lower()
+        if role in {"presentation", "none"}:
+            score -= 3
+
+        # Column consistency
+        rows = table.xpath(".//tr")
+        if not rows:
+            return False
+        col_counts = [len(row.xpath(".//td|.//th")) for row in rows]
+        avg_cols = sum(col_counts) / len(col_counts)
+        variance = sum((c - avg_cols)**2 for c in col_counts) / len(col_counts)
+        if variance < 1:
+            score += 2
+
+        # Caption and summary
+        if table.xpath(".//caption"):
+            score += 2
+        if table.get("summary"):
+            score += 1
+
+        # Text density
+        total_text = sum(len(''.join(cell.itertext()).strip()) for row in rows for cell in row.xpath(".//td|.//th"))
+        total_tags = sum(1 for _ in table.iterdescendants())
+        text_ratio = total_text / (total_tags + 1e-5)
+        if text_ratio > 20:
+            score += 3
+        elif text_ratio > 10:
+            score += 2
+
+        # Data attributes
+        data_attrs = sum(1 for attr in table.attrib if attr.startswith('data-'))
+        score += data_attrs * 0.5
+
+        # Size check
+        if avg_cols >= 2 and len(rows) >= 2:
+            score += 2
+
+        threshold = kwargs.get("table_score_threshold", 7)
+        return score >= threshold
+
+    def extract_table_data(self, table: etree.Element) -> dict:
+        caption = table.xpath(".//caption/text()")
+        caption = caption[0].strip() if caption else ""
+        summary = table.get("summary", "").strip()
+
+        # Extract headers with colspan handling
+        headers = []
+        thead_rows = table.xpath(".//thead/tr")
+        if thead_rows:
+            header_cells = thead_rows[0].xpath(".//th")
+            for cell in header_cells:
+                text = cell.text_content().strip()
+                colspan = int(cell.get("colspan", 1))
+                headers.extend([text] * colspan)
+        else:
+            first_row = table.xpath(".//tr[1]")
+            if first_row:
+                for cell in first_row[0].xpath(".//th|.//td"):
+                    text = cell.text_content().strip()
+                    colspan = int(cell.get("colspan", 1))
+                    headers.extend([text] * colspan)
+
+        # Extract rows with colspan handling
+        rows = []
+        for row in table.xpath(".//tr[not(ancestor::thead)]"):
+            row_data = []
+            for cell in row.xpath(".//td"):
+                text = cell.text_content().strip()
+                colspan = int(cell.get("colspan", 1))
+                row_data.extend([text] * colspan)
+            if row_data:
+                rows.append(row_data)
+
+        # Align rows with headers
+        max_columns = len(headers) if headers else (max(len(row) for row in rows) if rows else 0)
+        aligned_rows = []
+        for row in rows:
+            aligned = row[:max_columns] + [''] * (max_columns - len(row))
+            aligned_rows.append(aligned)
+
+        if not headers:
+            headers = [f"Column {i+1}" for i in range(max_columns)]
+
+        return {
+            "headers": headers,
+            "rows": aligned_rows,
+            "caption": caption,
+            "summary": summary,
+        }
+
     def _scrap(
         self,
         url: str,
         html: str,
         word_count_threshold: int = MIN_WORD_THRESHOLD,
         css_selector: str = None,
+        target_elements: List[str] = None,
         **kwargs,
     ) -> Dict[str, Any]:
         if not html:
@@ -1243,24 +1528,38 @@ class LXMLWebScrapingStrategy(WebScrapingStrategy):
                 meta = {}
 
             # Handle CSS selector targeting
-            if css_selector:
+            # if css_selector:
+            #     try:
+            #         selected_elements = body.cssselect(css_selector)
+            #         if not selected_elements:
+            #             return {
+            #                 "markdown": "",
+            #                 "cleaned_html": "",
+            #                 "success": True,
+            #                 "media": {"images": [], "videos": [], "audios": []},
+            #                 "links": {"internal": [], "external": []},
+            #                 "metadata": meta,
+            #                 "message": f"No elements found for CSS selector: {css_selector}",
+            #             }
+            #         body = lhtml.Element("div")
+            #         body.extend(selected_elements)
+            #     except Exception as e:
+            #         self._log("error", f"Error with CSS selector: {str(e)}", "SCRAPE")
+            #         return None
+
+            content_element = None
+            if target_elements:
                 try:
-                    selected_elements = body.cssselect(css_selector)
-                    if not selected_elements:
-                        return {
-                            "markdown": "",
-                            "cleaned_html": "",
-                            "success": True,
-                            "media": {"images": [], "videos": [], "audios": []},
-                            "links": {"internal": [], "external": []},
-                            "metadata": meta,
-                            "message": f"No elements found for CSS selector: {css_selector}",
-                        }
-                    body = lhtml.Element("div")
-                    body.extend(selected_elements)
+                    for_content_targeted_element = []
+                    for target_element in target_elements:
+                        for_content_targeted_element.extend(body.cssselect(target_element))
+                    content_element = lhtml.Element("div")
+                    content_element.extend(for_content_targeted_element)
                 except Exception as e:
-                    self._log("error", f"Error with CSS selector: {str(e)}", "SCRAPE")
+                    self._log("error", f"Error with target element detection: {str(e)}", "SCRAPE")
                     return None
+            else:
+                content_element = body
 
             # Remove script and style tags
             for tag in ["script", "style", "link", "meta", "noscript"]:
@@ -1284,7 +1583,7 @@ class LXMLWebScrapingStrategy(WebScrapingStrategy):
                         form.getparent().remove(form)
 
             # Process content
-            media = {"images": [], "videos": [], "audios": []}
+            media = {"images": [], "videos": [], "audios": [], "tables": []}
             internal_links_dict = {}
             external_links_dict = {}
 
@@ -1298,6 +1597,13 @@ class LXMLWebScrapingStrategy(WebScrapingStrategy):
                 **kwargs,
             )
 
+            if 'table' not in excluded_tags:
+                tables = body.xpath(".//table")
+                for table in tables:
+                    if self.is_data_table(table, **kwargs):
+                        table_data = self.extract_table_data(table)
+                        media["tables"].append(table_data)
+
             # Handle only_text option
             if kwargs.get("only_text", False):
                 for tag in ONLY_TEXT_ELIGIBLE_TAGS:
@@ -1324,7 +1630,8 @@ class LXMLWebScrapingStrategy(WebScrapingStrategy):
 
             # Generate output HTML
             cleaned_html = lhtml.tostring(
-                body,
+                # body,   
+                content_element,
                 encoding="unicode",
                 pretty_print=True,
                 method="html",
@@ -1369,7 +1676,12 @@ class LXMLWebScrapingStrategy(WebScrapingStrategy):
             return {
                 "cleaned_html": cleaned_html,
                 "success": False,
-                "media": {"images": [], "videos": [], "audios": []},
+                "media": {
+                    "images": [],
+                    "videos": [],
+                    "audios": [],
+                    "tables": []
+                },
                 "links": {"internal": [], "external": []},
                 "metadata": {},
             }

crawl4ai/crawlers/google_search/crawler.py

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 from crawl4ai import BrowserConfig, AsyncWebCrawler, CrawlerRunConfig, CacheMode
 from crawl4ai.hub import BaseCrawler
-from crawl4ai.utils import optimize_html, get_home_folder
+from crawl4ai.utils import optimize_html, get_home_folder, preprocess_html_for_schema
 from crawl4ai.extraction_strategy import JsonCssExtractionStrategy
 from pathlib import Path
 import json
@@ -68,7 +68,8 @@ class GoogleSearchCrawler(BaseCrawler):
         home_dir = get_home_folder() if not schema_cache_path else schema_cache_path
         os.makedirs(f"{home_dir}/schema", exist_ok=True)
 
-        cleaned_html = optimize_html(html, threshold=100)
+        # cleaned_html = optimize_html(html, threshold=100)
+        cleaned_html = preprocess_html_for_schema(html) 
 
         organic_schema = None
         if os.path.exists(f"{home_dir}/schema/organic_schema.json"):

crawl4ai/deep_crawling/filters.py

@@ -124,6 +124,7 @@ class URLPatternFilter(URLFilter):
         "_simple_prefixes",
         "_domain_patterns",
         "_path_patterns",
+        "_reverse",
     )
 
     PATTERN_TYPES = {
@@ -138,8 +139,10 @@ class URLPatternFilter(URLFilter):
         self,
         patterns: Union[str, Pattern, List[Union[str, Pattern]]],
         use_glob: bool = True,
+        reverse: bool = False,
     ):
         super().__init__()
+        self._reverse = reverse
         patterns = [patterns] if isinstance(patterns, (str, Pattern)) else patterns
 
         self._simple_suffixes = set()
@@ -205,36 +208,40 @@ class URLPatternFilter(URLFilter):
 
     @lru_cache(maxsize=10000)
     def apply(self, url: str) -> bool:
-        """Hierarchical pattern matching"""
         # Quick suffix check (*.html)
         if self._simple_suffixes:
             path = url.split("?")[0]
             if path.split("/")[-1].split(".")[-1] in self._simple_suffixes:
-                self._update_stats(True)
-                return True
+                result = True
+                self._update_stats(result)
+                return not result if self._reverse else result
 
         # Domain check
         if self._domain_patterns:
             for pattern in self._domain_patterns:
                 if pattern.match(url):
-                    self._update_stats(True)
-                    return True
+                    result = True
+                    self._update_stats(result)
+                    return not result if self._reverse else result
 
         # Prefix check (/foo/*)
         if self._simple_prefixes:
             path = url.split("?")[0]
             if any(path.startswith(p) for p in self._simple_prefixes):
-                self._update_stats(True)
-                return True
+                result = True
+                self._update_stats(result)
+                return not result if self._reverse else result
 
         # Complex patterns
         if self._path_patterns:
             if any(p.search(url) for p in self._path_patterns):
-                self._update_stats(True)
-                return True
+                result = True
+                self._update_stats(result)
+                return not result if self._reverse else result
 
-        self._update_stats(False)
-        return False
+        result = False
+        self._update_stats(result)
+        return not result if self._reverse else result
 
 
 class ContentTypeFilter(URLFilter):

crawl4ai/extraction_strategy.py

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ from concurrent.futures import ThreadPoolExecutor, as_completed
 import json
 import time
 
-from .prompts import PROMPT_EXTRACT_BLOCKS, PROMPT_EXTRACT_BLOCKS_WITH_INSTRUCTION, PROMPT_EXTRACT_SCHEMA_WITH_INSTRUCTION, JSON_SCHEMA_BUILDER_XPATH
+from .prompts import PROMPT_EXTRACT_BLOCKS, PROMPT_EXTRACT_BLOCKS_WITH_INSTRUCTION, PROMPT_EXTRACT_SCHEMA_WITH_INSTRUCTION, JSON_SCHEMA_BUILDER_XPATH, PROMPT_EXTRACT_INFERRED_SCHEMA
 from .config import (
     DEFAULT_PROVIDER, CHUNK_TOKEN_THRESHOLD,
     OVERLAP_RATE,
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ from .model_loader import (
     calculate_batch_size
 )
 
-from .types import LLMConfig
+from .types import LLMConfig, create_llm_config
 
 from functools import partial
 import numpy as np
@@ -507,6 +507,7 @@ class LLMExtractionStrategy(ExtractionStrategy):
         word_token_rate=WORD_TOKEN_RATE,
         apply_chunking=True,
         input_format: str = "markdown",
+        force_json_response=False,
         verbose=False,
         # Deprecated arguments
         provider: str = DEFAULT_PROVIDER,
@@ -527,9 +528,10 @@ class LLMExtractionStrategy(ExtractionStrategy):
             overlap_rate: Overlap between chunks.
             word_token_rate: Word to token conversion rate.
             apply_chunking: Whether to apply chunking.
+            input_format: Content format to use for extraction.
+                            Options: "markdown" (default), "html", "fit_markdown"
+            force_json_response: Whether to force a JSON response from the LLM.
             verbose: Whether to print verbose output.
-            usages: List of individual token usages.
-            total_usage: Accumulated token usage.
 
             # Deprecated arguments, will be removed very soon
             provider: The provider to use for extraction. It follows the format <provider_name>/<model_name>, e.g., "ollama/llama3.3".
@@ -545,6 +547,7 @@ class LLMExtractionStrategy(ExtractionStrategy):
         self.schema = schema
         if schema:
             self.extract_type = "schema"
+        self.force_json_response = force_json_response
         self.chunk_token_threshold = chunk_token_threshold or CHUNK_TOKEN_THRESHOLD
         self.overlap_rate = overlap_rate
         self.word_token_rate = word_token_rate
@@ -608,64 +611,97 @@ class LLMExtractionStrategy(ExtractionStrategy):
             variable_values["SCHEMA"] = json.dumps(self.schema, indent=2) # if type of self.schema is dict else self.schema
             prompt_with_variables = PROMPT_EXTRACT_SCHEMA_WITH_INSTRUCTION
 
+        if self.extract_type == "schema" and not self.schema:
+            prompt_with_variables = PROMPT_EXTRACT_INFERRED_SCHEMA
+
         for variable in variable_values:
             prompt_with_variables = prompt_with_variables.replace(
                 "{" + variable + "}", variable_values[variable]
             )
 
-        response = perform_completion_with_backoff(
-            self.llm_config.provider,
-            prompt_with_variables,
-            self.llm_config.api_token,
-            base_url=self.llm_config.base_url,
-            extra_args=self.extra_args,
-        )  # , json_response=self.extract_type == "schema")
-        # Track usage
-        usage = TokenUsage(
-            completion_tokens=response.usage.completion_tokens,
-            prompt_tokens=response.usage.prompt_tokens,
-            total_tokens=response.usage.total_tokens,
-            completion_tokens_details=response.usage.completion_tokens_details.__dict__
-            if response.usage.completion_tokens_details
-            else {},
-            prompt_tokens_details=response.usage.prompt_tokens_details.__dict__
-            if response.usage.prompt_tokens_details
-            else {},
-        )
-        self.usages.append(usage)
-
-        # Update totals
-        self.total_usage.completion_tokens += usage.completion_tokens
-        self.total_usage.prompt_tokens += usage.prompt_tokens
-        self.total_usage.total_tokens += usage.total_tokens
-
         try:
-            blocks = extract_xml_data(["blocks"], response.choices[0].message.content)[
-                "blocks"
-            ]
-            blocks = json.loads(blocks)
-            for block in blocks:
-                block["error"] = False
-        except Exception:
-            parsed, unparsed = split_and_parse_json_objects(
-                response.choices[0].message.content
+            response = perform_completion_with_backoff(
+                self.llm_config.provider,
+                prompt_with_variables,
+                self.llm_config.api_token,
+                base_url=self.llm_config.base_url,
+                json_response=self.force_json_response,
+                extra_args=self.extra_args,
+            )  # , json_response=self.extract_type == "schema")
+            # Track usage
+            usage = TokenUsage(
+                completion_tokens=response.usage.completion_tokens,
+                prompt_tokens=response.usage.prompt_tokens,
+                total_tokens=response.usage.total_tokens,
+                completion_tokens_details=response.usage.completion_tokens_details.__dict__
+                if response.usage.completion_tokens_details
+                else {},
+                prompt_tokens_details=response.usage.prompt_tokens_details.__dict__
+                if response.usage.prompt_tokens_details
+                else {},
             )
-            blocks = parsed
-            if unparsed:
-                blocks.append(
-                    {"index": 0, "error": True, "tags": ["error"], "content": unparsed}
-                )
+            self.usages.append(usage)
 
-        if self.verbose:
-            print(
-                "[LOG] Extracted",
-                len(blocks),
-                "blocks from URL:",
-                url,
-                "block index:",
-                ix,
-            )
-        return blocks
+            # Update totals
+            self.total_usage.completion_tokens += usage.completion_tokens
+            self.total_usage.prompt_tokens += usage.prompt_tokens
+            self.total_usage.total_tokens += usage.total_tokens
+
+            try:
+                response = response.choices[0].message.content
+                blocks = None
+
+                if self.force_json_response:
+                    blocks = json.loads(response)
+                    if isinstance(blocks, dict):
+                        # If it has only one key which calue is list then assign that to blocks, exampled: {"news": [..]}
+                        if len(blocks) == 1 and isinstance(list(blocks.values())[0], list):
+                            blocks = list(blocks.values())[0]
+                        else:
+                            # If it has only one key which value is not list then assign that to blocks, exampled: { "article_id": "1234", ... }
+                            blocks = [blocks]
+                    elif isinstance(blocks, list):
+                        # If it is a list then assign that to blocks
+                        blocks = blocks
+                else: 
+                    # blocks = extract_xml_data(["blocks"], response.choices[0].message.content)["blocks"]
+                    blocks = extract_xml_data(["blocks"], response)["blocks"]
+                    blocks = json.loads(blocks)
+
+                for block in blocks:
+                    block["error"] = False
+            except Exception:
+                parsed, unparsed = split_and_parse_json_objects(
+                    response
+                )
+                blocks = parsed
+                if unparsed:
+                    blocks.append(
+                        {"index": 0, "error": True, "tags": ["error"], "content": unparsed}
+                    )
+
+            if self.verbose:
+                print(
+                    "[LOG] Extracted",
+                    len(blocks),
+                    "blocks from URL:",
+                    url,
+                    "block index:",
+                    ix,
+                )
+            return blocks
+        except Exception as e:
+            if self.verbose:
+                print(f"[LOG] Error in LLM extraction: {e}")
+            # Add error information to extracted_content
+            return [
+                {
+                    "index": ix,
+                    "error": True,
+                    "tags": ["error"],
+                    "content": str(e),
+                }
+            ]
 
     def _merge(self, documents, chunk_token_threshold, overlap) -> List[str]:
         """
@@ -757,8 +793,6 @@ class LLMExtractionStrategy(ExtractionStrategy):
 #######################################################
 # New extraction strategies for JSON-based extraction #
 #######################################################
-
-
 class JsonElementExtractionStrategy(ExtractionStrategy):
     """
     Abstract base class for extracting structured JSON from HTML content.
@@ -1049,7 +1083,7 @@ class JsonElementExtractionStrategy(ExtractionStrategy):
         schema_type: str = "CSS", # or XPATH
         query: str = None,
         target_json_example: str = None,
-        llm_config: 'LLMConfig' = None,
+        llm_config: 'LLMConfig' = create_llm_config(),
         provider: str = None,
         api_token: str = None,
         **kwargs
@@ -1081,7 +1115,7 @@ class JsonElementExtractionStrategy(ExtractionStrategy):
         # Build the prompt
         system_message = {
             "role": "system", 
-            "content": f"""You specialize in generating special JSON schemas for web scraping. This schema uses CSS or XPATH selectors to present a repetitive pattern in crawled HTML, such as a product in a product list or a search result item in a list of search results. You use this JSON schema to pass to a language model along with the HTML content to extract structured data from the HTML. The language model uses the JSON schema to extract data from the HTML and retrieve values for fields in the JSON schema, following the schema.
+            "content": f"""You specialize in generating special JSON schemas for web scraping. This schema uses CSS or XPATH selectors to present a repetitive pattern in crawled HTML, such as a product in a product list or a search result item in a list of search results. We use this JSON schema to pass to a language model along with the HTML content to extract structured data from the HTML. The language model uses the JSON schema to extract data from the HTML and retrieve values for fields in the JSON schema, following the schema.
 
 Generating this HTML manually is not feasible, so you need to generate the JSON schema using the HTML content. The HTML copied from the crawled website is provided below, which we believe contains the repetitive pattern.
 
@@ -1095,9 +1129,10 @@ Generating this HTML manually is not feasible, so you need to generate the JSON
 In this context, the following items may or may not be present:
 - Example of target JSON object: This is a sample of the final JSON object that we hope to extract from the HTML using the schema you are generating.
 - Extra Instructions: This is optional instructions to consider when generating the schema provided by the user.
+- Query or explanation of target/goal data item: This is a description of what data we are trying to extract from the HTML. This explanation means we're not sure about the rigid schema of the structures we want, so we leave it to you to use your expertise to create the best and most comprehensive structures aimed at maximizing data extraction from this page. You must ensure that you do not pick up nuances that may exist on a particular page. The focus should be on the data we are extracting, and it must be valid, safe, and robust based on the given HTML.
 
-# What if there is no example of target JSON object?
-In this scenario, use your best judgment to generate the schema. Try to maximize the number of fields that you can extract from the HTML.
+# What if there is no example of target JSON object and also no extra instructions or even no explanation of target/goal data item?
+In this scenario, use your best judgment to generate the schema. You need to examine the content of the page and understand the data it provides. If the page contains repetitive data, such as lists of items, products, jobs, places, books, or movies, focus on one single item that repeats. If the page is a detailed page about one product or item, create a schema to extract the entire structured data. At this stage, you must think and decide for yourself. Try to maximize the number of fields that you can extract from the HTML.
 
 # What are the instructions and details for this schema generation?
 {prompt_template}"""
@@ -1114,11 +1149,18 @@ In this scenario, use your best judgment to generate the schema. Try to maximize
         }
 
         if query:
-            user_message["content"] += f"\n\nImportant Notes to Consider:\n{query}"
+            user_message["content"] += f"\n\n## Query or explanation of target/goal data item:\n{query}"
         if target_json_example:
-            user_message["content"] += f"\n\nExample of target JSON object:\n{target_json_example}"
+            user_message["content"] += f"\n\n## Example of target JSON object:\n```json\n{target_json_example}\n```"
+
+        if query and not target_json_example:
+            user_message["content"] += """IMPORTANT: To remind you, in this process, we are not providing a rigid example of the adjacent objects we seek. We rely on your understanding of the explanation provided in the above section. Make sure to grasp what we are looking for and, based on that, create the best schema.."""
+        elif not query and target_json_example:
+            user_message["content"] += """IMPORTANT: Please remember that in this process, we provided a proper example of a target JSON object. Make sure to adhere to the structure and create a schema that exactly fits this example. If you find that some elements on the page do not match completely, vote for the majority."""
+        elif not query and not target_json_example:
+            user_message["content"] += """IMPORTANT: Since we neither have a query nor an example, it is crucial to rely solely on the HTML content provided. Leverage your expertise to determine the schema based on the repetitive patterns observed in the content."""
         
-        user_message["content"] += """IMPORTANT: Ensure your schema is reliable, meaning do not use selectors that seem to generate dynamically and are not reliable. A reliable schema is what you want, as it consistently returns the same data even after many reloads of the page.
+        user_message["content"] += """IMPORTANT: Ensure your schema remains reliable by avoiding selectors that appear to generate dynamically and are not dependable. You want a reliable schema, as it consistently returns the same data even after many page reloads.
 
         Analyze the HTML and generate a JSON schema that follows the specified format. Only output valid JSON schema, nothing else.
         """
@@ -1140,7 +1182,6 @@ In this scenario, use your best judgment to generate the schema. Try to maximize
         except Exception as e:
             raise Exception(f"Failed to generate schema: {str(e)}")
 
-
 class JsonCssExtractionStrategy(JsonElementExtractionStrategy):
     """
     Concrete implementation of `JsonElementExtractionStrategy` using CSS selectors.
@@ -1168,7 +1209,8 @@ class JsonCssExtractionStrategy(JsonElementExtractionStrategy):
         super().__init__(schema, **kwargs)
 
     def _parse_html(self, html_content: str):
-        return BeautifulSoup(html_content, "html.parser")
+        # return BeautifulSoup(html_content, "html.parser")
+        return BeautifulSoup(html_content, "lxml")
 
     def _get_base_elements(self, parsed_html, selector: str):
         return parsed_html.select(selector)
@@ -1187,6 +1229,373 @@ class JsonCssExtractionStrategy(JsonElementExtractionStrategy):
     def _get_element_attribute(self, element, attribute: str):
         return element.get(attribute)
 
+class JsonLxmlExtractionStrategy(JsonElementExtractionStrategy):
+    def __init__(self, schema: Dict[str, Any], **kwargs):
+        kwargs["input_format"] = "html"
+        super().__init__(schema, **kwargs)
+        self._selector_cache = {}
+        self._xpath_cache = {}
+        self._result_cache = {}
+        
+        # Control selector optimization strategy
+        self.use_caching = kwargs.get("use_caching", True)
+        self.optimize_common_patterns = kwargs.get("optimize_common_patterns", True)
+        
+        # Load lxml dependencies once
+        from lxml import etree, html
+        from lxml.cssselect import CSSSelector
+        self.etree = etree
+        self.html_parser = html
+        self.CSSSelector = CSSSelector
+    
+    def _parse_html(self, html_content: str):
+        """Parse HTML content with error recovery"""
+        try:
+            parser = self.etree.HTMLParser(recover=True, remove_blank_text=True)
+            return self.etree.fromstring(html_content, parser)
+        except Exception as e:
+            if self.verbose:
+                print(f"Error parsing HTML, falling back to alternative method: {e}")
+            try:
+                return self.html_parser.fromstring(html_content)
+            except Exception as e2:
+                if self.verbose:
+                    print(f"Critical error parsing HTML: {e2}")
+                # Create minimal document as fallback
+                return self.etree.Element("html")
+    
+    def _optimize_selector(self, selector_str):
+        """Optimize common selector patterns for better performance"""
+        if not self.optimize_common_patterns:
+            return selector_str
+            
+        # Handle td:nth-child(N) pattern which is very common in table scraping
+        import re
+        if re.search(r'td:nth-child\(\d+\)', selector_str):
+            return selector_str  # Already handled specially in _apply_selector
+            
+        # Split complex selectors into parts for optimization
+        parts = selector_str.split()
+        if len(parts) <= 1:
+            return selector_str
+            
+        # For very long selectors, consider using just the last specific part
+        if len(parts) > 3 and any(p.startswith('.') or p.startswith('#') for p in parts):
+            specific_parts = [p for p in parts if p.startswith('.') or p.startswith('#')]
+            if specific_parts:
+                return specific_parts[-1]  # Use most specific class/id selector
+                
+        return selector_str
+    
+    def _create_selector_function(self, selector_str):
+        """Create a selector function that handles all edge cases"""
+        original_selector = selector_str
+        
+        # Try to optimize the selector if appropriate
+        if self.optimize_common_patterns:
+            selector_str = self._optimize_selector(selector_str)
+        
+        try:
+            # Attempt to compile the CSS selector
+            compiled = self.CSSSelector(selector_str)
+            xpath = compiled.path
+            
+            # Store XPath for later use
+            self._xpath_cache[selector_str] = xpath
+            
+            # Create the wrapper function that implements the selection strategy
+            def selector_func(element, context_sensitive=True):
+                cache_key = None
+                
+                # Use result caching if enabled
+                if self.use_caching:
+                    # Create a cache key based on element and selector
+                    element_id = element.get('id', '') or str(hash(element))
+                    cache_key = f"{element_id}::{selector_str}"
+                    
+                    if cache_key in self._result_cache:
+                        return self._result_cache[cache_key]
+                
+                results = []
+                try:
+                    # Strategy 1: Direct CSS selector application (fastest)
+                    results = compiled(element)
+                    
+                    # If that fails and we need context sensitivity
+                    if not results and context_sensitive:
+                        # Strategy 2: Try XPath with context adjustment
+                        context_xpath = self._make_context_sensitive_xpath(xpath, element)
+                        if context_xpath:
+                            results = element.xpath(context_xpath)
+                        
+                        # Strategy 3: Handle special case - nth-child
+                        if not results and 'nth-child' in original_selector:
+                            results = self._handle_nth_child_selector(element, original_selector)
+                        
+                        # Strategy 4: Direct descendant search for class/ID selectors
+                        if not results:
+                            results = self._fallback_class_id_search(element, original_selector)
+                            
+                        # Strategy 5: Last resort - tag name search for the final part
+                        if not results:
+                            parts = original_selector.split()
+                            if parts:
+                                last_part = parts[-1]
+                                # Extract tag name from the selector
+                                tag_match = re.match(r'^(\w+)', last_part)
+                                if tag_match:
+                                    tag_name = tag_match.group(1)
+                                    results = element.xpath(f".//{tag_name}")
+                    
+                    # Cache results if caching is enabled
+                    if self.use_caching and cache_key:
+                        self._result_cache[cache_key] = results
+                        
+                except Exception as e:
+                    if self.verbose:
+                        print(f"Error applying selector '{selector_str}': {e}")
+                
+                return results
+                
+            return selector_func
+            
+        except Exception as e:
+            if self.verbose:
+                print(f"Error compiling selector '{selector_str}': {e}")
+            
+            # Fallback function for invalid selectors
+            return lambda element, context_sensitive=True: []
+    
+    def _make_context_sensitive_xpath(self, xpath, element):
+        """Convert absolute XPath to context-sensitive XPath"""
+        try:
+            # If starts with descendant-or-self, it's already context-sensitive
+            if xpath.startswith('descendant-or-self::'):
+                return xpath
+                
+            # Remove leading slash if present
+            if xpath.startswith('/'):
+                context_xpath = f".{xpath}"
+            else:
+                context_xpath = f".//{xpath}"
+                
+            # Validate the XPath by trying it
+            try:
+                element.xpath(context_xpath)
+                return context_xpath
+            except:
+                # If that fails, try a simpler descendant search
+                return f".//{xpath.split('/')[-1]}"
+        except:
+            return None
+    
+    def _handle_nth_child_selector(self, element, selector_str):
+        """Special handling for nth-child selectors in tables"""
+        import re
+        results = []
+        
+        try:
+            # Extract the column number from td:nth-child(N)
+            match = re.search(r'td:nth-child\((\d+)\)', selector_str)
+            if match:
+                col_num = match.group(1)
+                
+                # Check if there's content after the nth-child part
+                remaining_selector = selector_str.split(f"td:nth-child({col_num})", 1)[-1].strip()
+                
+                if remaining_selector:
+                    # If there's a specific element we're looking for after the column
+                    # Extract any tag names from the remaining selector
+                    tag_match = re.search(r'(\w+)', remaining_selector)
+                    tag_name = tag_match.group(1) if tag_match else '*'
+                    results = element.xpath(f".//td[{col_num}]//{tag_name}")
+                else:
+                    # Just get the column cell
+                    results = element.xpath(f".//td[{col_num}]")
+        except Exception as e:
+            if self.verbose:
+                print(f"Error handling nth-child selector: {e}")
+                
+        return results
+    
+    def _fallback_class_id_search(self, element, selector_str):
+        """Fallback to search by class or ID"""
+        results = []
+        
+        try:
+            # Extract class selectors (.classname)
+            import re
+            class_matches = re.findall(r'\.([a-zA-Z0-9_-]+)', selector_str)
+            
+            # Extract ID selectors (#idname)
+            id_matches = re.findall(r'#([a-zA-Z0-9_-]+)', selector_str)
+            
+            # Try each class
+            for class_name in class_matches:
+                class_results = element.xpath(f".//*[contains(@class, '{class_name}')]")
+                results.extend(class_results)
+                
+            # Try each ID (usually more specific)
+            for id_name in id_matches:
+                id_results = element.xpath(f".//*[@id='{id_name}']")
+                results.extend(id_results)
+        except Exception as e:
+            if self.verbose:
+                print(f"Error in fallback class/id search: {e}")
+                
+        return results
+    
+    def _get_selector(self, selector_str):
+        """Get or create a selector function with caching"""
+        if selector_str not in self._selector_cache:
+            self._selector_cache[selector_str] = self._create_selector_function(selector_str)
+        return self._selector_cache[selector_str]
+    
+    def _get_base_elements(self, parsed_html, selector: str):
+        """Get all base elements using the selector"""
+        selector_func = self._get_selector(selector)
+        # For base elements, we don't need context sensitivity
+        return selector_func(parsed_html, context_sensitive=False)
+    
+    def _get_elements(self, element, selector: str):
+        """Get child elements using the selector with context sensitivity"""
+        selector_func = self._get_selector(selector)
+        return selector_func(element, context_sensitive=True)
+    
+    def _get_element_text(self, element) -> str:
+        """Extract normalized text from element"""
+        try:
+            # Get all text nodes and normalize
+            text = " ".join(t.strip() for t in element.xpath(".//text()") if t.strip())
+            return text
+        except Exception as e:
+            if self.verbose:
+                print(f"Error extracting text: {e}")
+            # Fallback
+            try:
+                return element.text_content().strip()
+            except:
+                return ""
+    
+    def _get_element_html(self, element) -> str:
+        """Get HTML string representation of element"""
+        try:
+            return self.etree.tostring(element, encoding='unicode', method='html')
+        except Exception as e:
+            if self.verbose:
+                print(f"Error serializing HTML: {e}")
+            return ""
+    
+    def _get_element_attribute(self, element, attribute: str):
+        """Get attribute value safely"""
+        try:
+            return element.get(attribute)
+        except Exception as e:
+            if self.verbose:
+                print(f"Error getting attribute '{attribute}': {e}")
+            return None
+            
+    def _clear_caches(self):
+        """Clear caches to free memory"""
+        if self.use_caching:
+            self._result_cache.clear()
+
+class JsonLxmlExtractionStrategy_naive(JsonElementExtractionStrategy):
+    def __init__(self, schema: Dict[str, Any], **kwargs):
+        kwargs["input_format"] = "html"  # Force HTML input
+        super().__init__(schema, **kwargs)
+        self._selector_cache = {}
+    
+    def _parse_html(self, html_content: str):
+        from lxml import etree
+        parser = etree.HTMLParser(recover=True)
+        return etree.fromstring(html_content, parser)
+    
+    def _get_selector(self, selector_str):
+        """Get a selector function that works within the context of an element"""
+        if selector_str not in self._selector_cache:
+            from lxml.cssselect import CSSSelector
+            try:
+                # Store both the compiled selector and its xpath translation
+                compiled = CSSSelector(selector_str)
+                
+                # Create a function that will apply this selector appropriately
+                def select_func(element):
+                    try:
+                        # First attempt: direct CSS selector application
+                        results = compiled(element)
+                        if results:
+                            return results
+                        
+                        # Second attempt: contextual XPath selection
+                        # Convert the root-based XPath to a context-based XPath
+                        xpath = compiled.path
+                        
+                        # If the XPath already starts with descendant-or-self, handle it specially
+                        if xpath.startswith('descendant-or-self::'):
+                            context_xpath = xpath
+                        else:
+                            # For normal XPath expressions, make them relative to current context
+                            context_xpath = f"./{xpath.lstrip('/')}"
+                        
+                        results = element.xpath(context_xpath)
+                        if results:
+                            return results
+                        
+                        # Final fallback: simple descendant search for common patterns
+                        if 'nth-child' in selector_str:
+                            # Handle td:nth-child(N) pattern
+                            import re
+                            match = re.search(r'td:nth-child\((\d+)\)', selector_str)
+                            if match:
+                                col_num = match.group(1)
+                                sub_selector = selector_str.split(')', 1)[-1].strip()
+                                if sub_selector:
+                                    return element.xpath(f".//td[{col_num}]//{sub_selector}")
+                                else:
+                                    return element.xpath(f".//td[{col_num}]")
+                        
+                        # Last resort: try each part of the selector separately
+                        parts = selector_str.split()
+                        if len(parts) > 1 and parts[-1]:
+                            return element.xpath(f".//{parts[-1]}")
+                            
+                        return []
+                    except Exception as e:
+                        if self.verbose:
+                            print(f"Error applying selector '{selector_str}': {e}")
+                        return []
+                
+                self._selector_cache[selector_str] = select_func
+            except Exception as e:
+                if self.verbose:
+                    print(f"Error compiling selector '{selector_str}': {e}")
+                
+                # Fallback function for invalid selectors
+                def fallback_func(element):
+                    return []
+                
+                self._selector_cache[selector_str] = fallback_func
+                
+        return self._selector_cache[selector_str]
+    
+    def _get_base_elements(self, parsed_html, selector: str):
+        selector_func = self._get_selector(selector)
+        return selector_func(parsed_html)
+    
+    def _get_elements(self, element, selector: str):
+        selector_func = self._get_selector(selector)
+        return selector_func(element)
+    
+    def _get_element_text(self, element) -> str:
+        return "".join(element.xpath(".//text()")).strip()
+    
+    def _get_element_html(self, element) -> str:
+        from lxml import etree
+        return etree.tostring(element, encoding='unicode')
+    
+    def _get_element_attribute(self, element, attribute: str):
+        return element.get(attribute)    
 
 class JsonXPathExtractionStrategy(JsonElementExtractionStrategy):
     """

crawl4ai/install.py

@@ -45,7 +45,35 @@ def post_install():
     setup_home_directory()
     install_playwright()
     run_migration()
+    # TODO: Will be added in the future
+    # setup_builtin_browser()
     logger.success("Post-installation setup completed!", tag="COMPLETE")
+    
+def setup_builtin_browser():
+    """Set up a builtin browser for use with Crawl4AI"""
+    try:
+        logger.info("Setting up builtin browser...", tag="INIT")
+        asyncio.run(_setup_builtin_browser())
+        logger.success("Builtin browser setup completed!", tag="COMPLETE")
+    except Exception as e:
+        logger.warning(f"Failed to set up builtin browser: {e}")
+        logger.warning("You can manually set up a builtin browser using 'crawl4ai-doctor builtin-browser-start'")
+    
+async def _setup_builtin_browser():
+    try:
+        # Import BrowserProfiler here to avoid circular imports
+        from .browser_profiler import BrowserProfiler
+        profiler = BrowserProfiler(logger=logger)
+        
+        # Launch the builtin browser
+        cdp_url = await profiler.launch_builtin_browser(headless=True)
+        if cdp_url:
+            logger.success(f"Builtin browser launched at {cdp_url}", tag="BROWSER")
+        else:
+            logger.warning("Failed to launch builtin browser", tag="BROWSER")
+    except Exception as e:
+        logger.warning(f"Error setting up builtin browser: {e}", tag="BROWSER")
+        raise
 
 
 def install_playwright():

crawl4ai/models.py

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
-from re import U
-from pydantic import BaseModel, HttpUrl, PrivateAttr
+from pydantic import BaseModel, HttpUrl, PrivateAttr, ConfigDict
 from typing import List, Dict, Optional, Callable, Awaitable, Union, Any
+from typing import AsyncGenerator
+from typing import Generic, TypeVar
 from enum import Enum
 from dataclasses import dataclass
 from .ssl_certificate import SSLCertificate
@@ -28,7 +29,12 @@ class CrawlerTaskResult:
     start_time: Union[datetime, float]
     end_time: Union[datetime, float]
     error_message: str = ""
-
+    retry_count: int = 0
+    wait_time: float = 0.0
+    
+    @property
+    def success(self) -> bool:
+        return self.result.success
 
 class CrawlStatus(Enum):
     QUEUED = "QUEUED"
@@ -36,27 +42,6 @@ class CrawlStatus(Enum):
     COMPLETED = "COMPLETED"
     FAILED = "FAILED"
 
-
-# @dataclass
-# class CrawlStats:
-#     task_id: str
-#     url: str
-#     status: CrawlStatus
-#     start_time: Optional[datetime] = None
-#     end_time: Optional[datetime] = None
-#     memory_usage: float = 0.0
-#     peak_memory: float = 0.0
-#     error_message: str = ""
-
-#     @property
-#     def duration(self) -> str:
-#         if not self.start_time:
-#             return "0:00"
-#         end = self.end_time or datetime.now()
-#         duration = end - self.start_time
-#         return str(timedelta(seconds=int(duration.total_seconds())))
-
-
 @dataclass
 class CrawlStats:
     task_id: str
@@ -67,6 +52,9 @@ class CrawlStats:
     memory_usage: float = 0.0
     peak_memory: float = 0.0
     error_message: str = ""
+    wait_time: float = 0.0
+    retry_count: int = 0
+    counted_requeue: bool = False
 
     @property
     def duration(self) -> str:
@@ -103,12 +91,10 @@ class TokenUsage:
     completion_tokens_details: Optional[dict] = None
     prompt_tokens_details: Optional[dict] = None
 
-
 class UrlModel(BaseModel):
     url: HttpUrl
     forced: bool = False
 
-
 class MarkdownGenerationResult(BaseModel):
     raw_markdown: str
     markdown_with_citations: str
@@ -160,8 +146,9 @@ class CrawlResult(BaseModel):
     dispatch_result: Optional[DispatchResult] = None
     redirected_url: Optional[str] = None
 
-    class Config:
-        arbitrary_types_allowed = True
+    model_config = ConfigDict(arbitrary_types_allowed=True)
+    # class Config:
+    #     arbitrary_types_allowed = True
 
 # NOTE: The StringCompatibleMarkdown class, custom __init__ method, property getters/setters,
 # and model_dump override all exist to support a smooth transition from markdown as a string
@@ -275,6 +262,40 @@ class StringCompatibleMarkdown(str):
     def __getattr__(self, name):
         return getattr(self._markdown_result, name)
 
+CrawlResultT = TypeVar('CrawlResultT', bound=CrawlResult)
+
+class CrawlResultContainer(Generic[CrawlResultT]):
+    def __init__(self, results: Union[CrawlResultT, List[CrawlResultT]]):
+        # Normalize to a list
+        if isinstance(results, list):
+            self._results = results
+        else:
+            self._results = [results]
+
+    def __iter__(self):
+        return iter(self._results)
+
+    def __getitem__(self, index):
+        return self._results[index]
+
+    def __len__(self):
+        return len(self._results)
+
+    def __getattr__(self, attr):
+        # Delegate attribute access to the first element.
+        if self._results:
+            return getattr(self._results[0], attr)
+        raise AttributeError(f"{self.__class__.__name__} object has no attribute '{attr}'")
+
+    def __repr__(self):
+        return f"{self.__class__.__name__}({self._results!r})"
+
+RunManyReturn = Union[
+    CrawlResultContainer[CrawlResultT],
+    AsyncGenerator[CrawlResultT, None]
+]
+
+
 # END of backward compatibility code for markdown/markdown_v2.
 # When removing this code in the future, make sure to:
 # 1. Replace the private attribute and property with a standard field
@@ -292,9 +313,9 @@ class AsyncCrawlResponse(BaseModel):
     ssl_certificate: Optional[SSLCertificate] = None
     redirected_url: Optional[str] = None
 
-    class Config:
-        arbitrary_types_allowed = True
-
+    model_config = ConfigDict(arbitrary_types_allowed=True)
+    # class Config:
+    #     arbitrary_types_allowed = True
 
 ###############################
 # Scraping Models
@@ -326,6 +347,7 @@ class Media(BaseModel):
     audios: List[
         MediaItem
     ] = []  # Using MediaItem model for now, can be extended with Audio model if needed
+    tables: List[Dict] = []  # Table data extracted from HTML tables
 
 
 class Links(BaseModel):

crawl4ai/pipeline/__init__.py

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+"""Pipeline module providing high-level crawling functionality."""
+
+from .pipeline import Pipeline, create_pipeline
+from .crawler import Crawler
+
+__all__ = ["Pipeline", "create_pipeline", "Crawler"]

crawl4ai/pipeline/crawler.py

@@ -0,0 +1,406 @@
+"""Crawler utility class for simplified crawling operations.
+
+This module provides a high-level utility class for crawling web pages
+with support for both single and multiple URL processing.
+"""
+
+import asyncio
+from typing import Dict, List, Optional, Tuple, Union, Callable
+
+from crawl4ai.models import CrawlResultContainer, CrawlResult
+from crawl4ai.pipeline.pipeline import create_pipeline
+from crawl4ai.async_configs import BrowserConfig, CrawlerRunConfig
+from crawl4ai.async_logger import AsyncLogger
+from crawl4ai.browser.browser_hub import BrowserHub
+
+# Type definitions
+UrlList = List[str]
+UrlBatch = Tuple[List[str], CrawlerRunConfig]
+UrlFullBatch = Tuple[List[str], BrowserConfig, CrawlerRunConfig]
+BatchType = Union[UrlList, UrlBatch, UrlFullBatch]
+ProgressCallback = Callable[[str, str, Optional[CrawlResultContainer]], None]
+RetryStrategy = Callable[[str, int, Exception], Tuple[bool, float]]
+
+class Crawler:
+    """High-level utility class for crawling web pages.
+    
+    This class provides simplified methods for crawling both single URLs
+    and batches of URLs, with parallel processing capabilities.
+    """
+    
+    @classmethod
+    async def crawl(
+        cls, 
+        urls: Union[str, List[str]],
+        browser_config: Optional[BrowserConfig] = None,
+        crawler_config: Optional[CrawlerRunConfig] = None,
+        browser_hub: Optional[BrowserHub] = None,
+        logger: Optional[AsyncLogger] = None,
+        max_retries: int = 0,
+        retry_delay: float = 1.0,
+        use_new_loop: bool = True  # By default use a new loop for safety
+    ) -> Union[CrawlResultContainer, Dict[str, CrawlResultContainer]]:
+        """Crawl one or more URLs with the specified configurations.
+        
+        Args:
+            urls: Single URL or list of URLs to crawl
+            browser_config: Optional browser configuration
+            crawler_config: Optional crawler run configuration
+            browser_hub: Optional shared browser hub
+            logger: Optional logger instance
+            max_retries: Maximum number of retries for failed requests
+            retry_delay: Delay between retries in seconds
+            
+        Returns:
+            For a single URL: CrawlResultContainer with crawl results
+            For multiple URLs: Dict mapping URLs to their CrawlResultContainer results
+        """
+        # Handle single URL case
+        if isinstance(urls, str):
+            return await cls._crawl_single_url(
+                urls,
+                browser_config,
+                crawler_config,
+                browser_hub,
+                logger,
+                max_retries,
+                retry_delay,
+                use_new_loop
+            )
+        
+        # Handle multiple URLs case (sequential processing)
+        results = {}
+        for url in urls:
+            results[url] = await cls._crawl_single_url(
+                url,
+                browser_config,
+                crawler_config,
+                browser_hub,
+                logger,
+                max_retries,
+                retry_delay,
+                use_new_loop
+            )
+        
+        return results
+    
+    @classmethod
+    async def _crawl_single_url(
+        cls,
+        url: str,
+        browser_config: Optional[BrowserConfig] = None,
+        crawler_config: Optional[CrawlerRunConfig] = None,
+        browser_hub: Optional[BrowserHub] = None,
+        logger: Optional[AsyncLogger] = None,
+        max_retries: int = 0,
+        retry_delay: float = 1.0,
+        use_new_loop: bool = False
+    ) -> CrawlResultContainer:
+        """Internal method to crawl a single URL with retry logic."""
+        # Create a logger if none provided
+        if logger is None:
+            logger = AsyncLogger(verbose=True)
+            
+        # Create or use the provided crawler config
+        if crawler_config is None:
+            crawler_config = CrawlerRunConfig()
+            
+        attempts = 0
+        last_error = None
+        
+        # For testing purposes, each crawler gets a new event loop to avoid conflicts
+        # This is especially important in test suites where multiple tests run in sequence
+        if use_new_loop:
+            old_loop = asyncio.get_event_loop()
+            loop = asyncio.new_event_loop()
+            asyncio.set_event_loop(loop)
+            
+        while attempts <= max_retries:
+            try:
+                # Create a pipeline
+                pipeline_args = {}
+                if browser_config:
+                    pipeline_args["browser_config"] = browser_config
+                if browser_hub:
+                    pipeline_args["browser_hub"] = browser_hub
+                if logger:
+                    pipeline_args["logger"] = logger
+                    
+                pipeline = await create_pipeline(**pipeline_args)
+                
+                # Perform the crawl
+                result = await pipeline.crawl(url=url, config=crawler_config)
+                
+                # Close the pipeline if we created it (not using a shared hub)
+                if not browser_hub:
+                    await pipeline.close()
+                    
+                # Restore the original event loop if we created a new one
+                if use_new_loop:
+                    asyncio.set_event_loop(old_loop)
+                    loop.close()
+                    
+                return result
+                
+            except Exception as e:
+                last_error = e
+                attempts += 1
+                
+                if attempts <= max_retries:
+                    logger.warning(
+                        message="Crawl attempt {attempt} failed for {url}: {error}. Retrying in {delay}s...",
+                        tag="RETRY",
+                        params={
+                            "attempt": attempts,
+                            "url": url,
+                            "error": str(e),
+                            "delay": retry_delay
+                        }
+                    )
+                    await asyncio.sleep(retry_delay)
+                else:
+                    logger.error(
+                        message="All {attempts} crawl attempts failed for {url}: {error}",
+                        tag="FAILED",
+                        params={
+                            "attempts": attempts,
+                            "url": url,
+                            "error": str(e)
+                        }
+                    )
+        
+        # If we get here, all attempts failed
+        result = CrawlResultContainer(
+            CrawlResult(
+                url=url,
+                html="",
+                success=False,
+                error_message=f"All {attempts} crawl attempts failed: {str(last_error)}"
+            )
+        )
+        
+        # Restore the original event loop if we created a new one
+        if use_new_loop:
+            asyncio.set_event_loop(old_loop)
+            loop.close()
+            
+        return result
+    
+    @classmethod
+    async def parallel_crawl(
+        cls,
+        url_batches: Union[List[str], List[Union[UrlBatch, UrlFullBatch]]],
+        browser_config: Optional[BrowserConfig] = None,
+        crawler_config: Optional[CrawlerRunConfig] = None,
+        browser_hub: Optional[BrowserHub] = None,
+        logger: Optional[AsyncLogger] = None,
+        concurrency: int = 5,
+        max_retries: int = 0,
+        retry_delay: float = 1.0,
+        retry_strategy: Optional[RetryStrategy] = None,
+        progress_callback: Optional[ProgressCallback] = None,
+        use_new_loop: bool = True  # By default use a new loop for safety
+    ) -> Dict[str, CrawlResultContainer]:
+        """Crawl multiple URLs in parallel with concurrency control.
+        
+        Args:
+            url_batches: List of URLs or list of URL batches with configurations
+            browser_config: Default browser configuration (used if not in batch)
+            crawler_config: Default crawler configuration (used if not in batch)
+            browser_hub: Optional shared browser hub for resource efficiency
+            logger: Optional logger instance
+            concurrency: Maximum number of concurrent crawls
+            max_retries: Maximum number of retries for failed requests
+            retry_delay: Delay between retries in seconds
+            retry_strategy: Optional custom retry strategy function
+            progress_callback: Optional callback for progress reporting
+            
+        Returns:
+            Dict mapping URLs to their CrawlResultContainer results
+        """
+        # Create a logger if none provided
+        if logger is None:
+            logger = AsyncLogger(verbose=True)
+        
+        # For testing purposes, each crawler gets a new event loop to avoid conflicts
+        # This is especially important in test suites where multiple tests run in sequence
+        if use_new_loop:
+            old_loop = asyncio.get_event_loop()
+            loop = asyncio.new_event_loop()
+            asyncio.set_event_loop(loop)
+            
+        # Process batches to consistent format
+        processed_batches = cls._process_url_batches(
+            url_batches, browser_config, crawler_config
+        )
+        
+        # Initialize results dictionary
+        results = {}
+        
+        # Create semaphore for concurrency control
+        semaphore = asyncio.Semaphore(concurrency)
+        
+        # Create shared browser hub if not provided
+        shared_hub = browser_hub
+        if not shared_hub:
+            shared_hub = await BrowserHub.get_browser_manager(
+                config=browser_config or BrowserConfig(),
+                logger=logger,
+                max_browsers_per_config=concurrency,
+                max_pages_per_browser=1,
+                initial_pool_size=min(concurrency, 3)  # Start with a reasonable number
+            )
+        
+        try:
+            # Create worker function for each URL
+            async def process_url(url, b_config, c_config):
+                async with semaphore:
+                    # Report start if callback provided
+                    if progress_callback:
+                        await progress_callback("started", url)
+                    
+                    attempts = 0
+                    last_error = None
+                    
+                    while attempts <= max_retries:
+                        try:
+                            # Create a pipeline using the shared hub
+                            pipeline = await create_pipeline(
+                                browser_config=b_config,
+                                browser_hub=shared_hub,
+                                logger=logger
+                            )
+                            
+                            # Perform the crawl
+                            result = await pipeline.crawl(url=url, config=c_config)
+                            
+                            # Report completion if callback provided
+                            if progress_callback:
+                                await progress_callback("completed", url, result)
+                                
+                            return url, result
+                            
+                        except Exception as e:
+                            last_error = e
+                            attempts += 1
+                            
+                            # Determine if we should retry and with what delay
+                            should_retry = attempts <= max_retries
+                            delay = retry_delay
+                            
+                            # Use custom retry strategy if provided
+                            if retry_strategy and should_retry:
+                                try:
+                                    should_retry, delay = await retry_strategy(url, attempts, e)
+                                except Exception as strategy_error:
+                                    logger.error(
+                                        message="Error in retry strategy: {error}",
+                                        tag="RETRY",
+                                        params={"error": str(strategy_error)}
+                                    )
+                            
+                            if should_retry:
+                                logger.warning(
+                                    message="Crawl attempt {attempt} failed for {url}: {error}. Retrying in {delay}s...",
+                                    tag="RETRY",
+                                    params={
+                                        "attempt": attempts,
+                                        "url": url,
+                                        "error": str(e),
+                                        "delay": delay
+                                    }
+                                )
+                                await asyncio.sleep(delay)
+                            else:
+                                logger.error(
+                                    message="All {attempts} crawl attempts failed for {url}: {error}",
+                                    tag="FAILED",
+                                    params={
+                                        "attempts": attempts,
+                                        "url": url,
+                                        "error": str(e)
+                                    }
+                                )
+                                break
+                    
+                    # If we get here, all attempts failed
+                    error_result = CrawlResultContainer(
+                        CrawlResult(
+                            url=url,
+                            html="",
+                            success=False,
+                            error_message=f"All {attempts} crawl attempts failed: {str(last_error)}"
+                        )
+                    )
+                    
+                    # Report completion with error if callback provided
+                    if progress_callback:
+                        await progress_callback("completed", url, error_result)
+                        
+                    return url, error_result
+            
+            # Create tasks for all URLs
+            tasks = []
+            for urls, b_config, c_config in processed_batches:
+                for url in urls:
+                    tasks.append(process_url(url, b_config, c_config))
+            
+            # Run all tasks and collect results
+            for completed_task in asyncio.as_completed(tasks):
+                url, result = await completed_task
+                results[url] = result
+                
+            return results
+            
+        finally:
+            # Clean up the hub only if we created it
+            if not browser_hub and shared_hub:
+                await shared_hub.close()
+                
+            # Restore the original event loop if we created a new one
+            if use_new_loop:
+                asyncio.set_event_loop(old_loop)
+                loop.close()
+    
+    @classmethod
+    def _process_url_batches(
+        cls,
+        url_batches: Union[List[str], List[Union[UrlBatch, UrlFullBatch]]],
+        default_browser_config: Optional[BrowserConfig],
+        default_crawler_config: Optional[CrawlerRunConfig]
+    ) -> List[Tuple[List[str], BrowserConfig, CrawlerRunConfig]]:
+        """Process URL batches into a consistent format.
+        
+        Converts various input formats into a consistent list of
+        (urls, browser_config, crawler_config) tuples.
+        """
+        processed_batches = []
+        
+        # Handle case where input is just a list of URLs
+        if all(isinstance(item, str) for item in url_batches):
+            urls = url_batches
+            browser_config = default_browser_config or BrowserConfig()
+            crawler_config = default_crawler_config or CrawlerRunConfig()
+            processed_batches.append((urls, browser_config, crawler_config))
+            return processed_batches
+        
+        # Process each batch
+        for batch in url_batches:
+            # Handle case: (urls, crawler_config)
+            if len(batch) == 2 and isinstance(batch[1], CrawlerRunConfig):
+                urls, c_config = batch
+                b_config = default_browser_config or BrowserConfig()
+                processed_batches.append((urls, b_config, c_config))
+                
+            # Handle case: (urls, browser_config, crawler_config)
+            elif len(batch) == 3 and isinstance(batch[1], BrowserConfig) and isinstance(batch[2], CrawlerRunConfig):
+                processed_batches.append(batch)
+                
+            # Fallback for unknown formats - assume it's just a list of URLs
+            else:
+                urls = batch
+                browser_config = default_browser_config or BrowserConfig()
+                crawler_config = default_crawler_config or CrawlerRunConfig()
+                processed_batches.append((urls, browser_config, crawler_config))
+                
+        return processed_batches

crawl4ai/pipeline/middlewares.py

@@ -0,0 +1,702 @@
+import time
+import sys
+from typing import Dict, Any, List
+import json
+
+from crawl4ai.models import (
+    CrawlResult,
+    MarkdownGenerationResult,
+    ScrapingResult,
+    CrawlResultContainer,
+)
+from crawl4ai.async_database import async_db_manager
+from crawl4ai.cache_context import CacheMode, CacheContext
+from crawl4ai.utils import (
+    sanitize_input_encode,
+    InvalidCSSSelectorError,
+    fast_format_html,
+    create_box_message,
+    get_error_context,
+)
+
+
+async def initialize_context_middleware(context: Dict[str, Any]) -> int:
+    """Initialize the context with basic configuration and validation"""
+    url = context.get("url")
+    config = context.get("config")
+    
+    if not isinstance(url, str) or not url:
+        context["error_message"] = "Invalid URL, make sure the URL is a non-empty string"
+        return 0
+    
+    # Default to ENABLED if no cache mode specified
+    if config.cache_mode is None:
+        config.cache_mode = CacheMode.ENABLED
+    
+    # Create cache context
+    context["cache_context"] = CacheContext(url, config.cache_mode, False)
+    context["start_time"] = time.perf_counter()
+    
+    return 1
+
+# middlewares.py additions
+
+async def browser_hub_middleware(context: Dict[str, Any]) -> int:
+    """
+    Initialize or connect to a Browser-Hub and add it to the pipeline context.
+    
+    This middleware handles browser hub initialization for all three scenarios:
+    1. Default configuration when nothing is specified
+    2. Custom configuration when browser_config is provided
+    3. Connection to existing hub when browser_hub_connection is provided
+    
+    Args:
+        context: The pipeline context dictionary
+        
+    Returns:
+        int: 1 for success, 0 for failure
+    """
+    from crawl4ai.browser.browser_hub import BrowserHub
+    
+    try:
+        # Get configuration from context
+        browser_config = context.get("browser_config")
+        browser_hub_id = context.get("browser_hub_id")
+        browser_hub_connection = context.get("browser_hub_connection")
+        logger = context.get("logger")
+        
+        # If we already have a browser hub in context, use it
+        if context.get("browser_hub"):
+            return 1
+        
+        # Get or create Browser-Hub
+        browser_hub = await BrowserHub.get_browser_manager(
+            config=browser_config,
+            hub_id=browser_hub_id,
+            connection_info=browser_hub_connection,
+            logger=logger
+        )
+        
+        # Add to context
+        context["browser_hub"] = browser_hub
+        return 1
+    except Exception as e:
+        context["error_message"] = f"Failed to initialize browser hub: {str(e)}"
+        return 0
+
+
+async def fetch_content_middleware(context: Dict[str, Any]) -> int:
+    """
+    Fetch content from the web using the browser hub.
+    
+    This middleware uses the browser hub to get pages for crawling,
+    and properly releases them back to the pool when done.
+    
+    Args:
+        context: The pipeline context dictionary
+        
+    Returns:
+        int: 1 for success, 0 for failure
+    """
+    url = context.get("url")
+    config = context.get("config")
+    browser_hub = context.get("browser_hub")
+    logger = context.get("logger")
+    
+    # Skip if using cached result
+    if context.get("cached_result") and context.get("html"):
+        return 1
+    
+    try:
+        # Create crawler strategy without initializing its browser manager
+        from crawl4ai.async_crawler_strategy import AsyncPlaywrightCrawlerStrategy
+        
+        crawler_strategy = AsyncPlaywrightCrawlerStrategy(
+            browser_config=browser_hub.config if browser_hub else None,
+            logger=logger
+        )
+        
+        # Replace the browser manager with our shared instance
+        crawler_strategy.browser_manager = browser_hub
+        
+        # Perform crawl without trying to initialize the browser
+        # The crawler will use the provided browser_manager to get pages
+        async_response = await crawler_strategy.crawl(url, config=config)
+        
+        # Store results in context
+        context["html"] = async_response.html
+        context["screenshot_data"] = async_response.screenshot
+        context["pdf_data"] = async_response.pdf_data
+        context["js_execution_result"] = async_response.js_execution_result
+        context["async_response"] = async_response
+        
+        return 1
+    except Exception as e:
+        context["error_message"] = f"Error fetching content: {str(e)}"
+        return 0
+
+
+async def check_cache_middleware(context: Dict[str, Any]) -> int:
+    """Check if there's a cached result and load it if available"""
+    url = context.get("url")
+    config = context.get("config")
+    cache_context = context.get("cache_context")
+    logger = context.get("logger")
+    
+    # Initialize variables
+    context["cached_result"] = None
+    context["html"] = None
+    context["extracted_content"] = None
+    context["screenshot_data"] = None
+    context["pdf_data"] = None
+    
+    # Try to get cached result if appropriate
+    if cache_context.should_read():
+        cached_result = await async_db_manager.aget_cached_url(url)
+        context["cached_result"] = cached_result
+        
+        if cached_result:
+            html = sanitize_input_encode(cached_result.html)
+            extracted_content = sanitize_input_encode(cached_result.extracted_content or "")
+            extracted_content = None if not extracted_content or extracted_content == "[]" else extracted_content
+            
+            # If screenshot is requested but its not in cache, then set cache_result to None
+            screenshot_data = cached_result.screenshot
+            pdf_data = cached_result.pdf
+            
+            if config.screenshot and not screenshot_data:
+                context["cached_result"] = None
+            
+            if config.pdf and not pdf_data:
+                context["cached_result"] = None
+            
+            context["html"] = html
+            context["extracted_content"] = extracted_content
+            context["screenshot_data"] = screenshot_data
+            context["pdf_data"] = pdf_data
+            
+            logger.url_status(
+                url=cache_context.display_url,
+                success=bool(html),
+                timing=time.perf_counter() - context["start_time"],
+                tag="FETCH",
+            )
+    
+    return 1
+
+
+async def configure_proxy_middleware(context: Dict[str, Any]) -> int:
+    """Configure proxy if a proxy rotation strategy is available"""
+    config = context.get("config")
+    logger = context.get("logger")
+    
+    # Skip if using cached result
+    if context.get("cached_result") and context.get("html"):
+        return 1
+    
+    # Update proxy configuration from rotation strategy if available
+    if config and config.proxy_rotation_strategy:
+        next_proxy = await config.proxy_rotation_strategy.get_next_proxy()
+        if next_proxy:
+            logger.info(
+                message="Switch proxy: {proxy}",
+                tag="PROXY",
+                params={"proxy": next_proxy.server},
+            )
+            config.proxy_config = next_proxy
+    
+    return 1
+
+
+async def check_robots_txt_middleware(context: Dict[str, Any]) -> int:
+    """Check if the URL is allowed by robots.txt if enabled"""
+    url = context.get("url")
+    config = context.get("config")
+    browser_config = context.get("browser_config")
+    robots_parser = context.get("robots_parser")
+    
+    # Skip if using cached result
+    if context.get("cached_result") and context.get("html"):
+        return 1
+    
+    # Check robots.txt if enabled
+    if config and config.check_robots_txt:
+        if not await robots_parser.can_fetch(url, browser_config.user_agent):
+            context["crawl_result"] = CrawlResult(
+                url=url,
+                html="",
+                success=False,
+                status_code=403,
+                error_message="Access denied by robots.txt",
+                response_headers={"X-Robots-Status": "Blocked by robots.txt"}
+            )
+            return 0
+    
+    return 1
+
+
+async def fetch_content_middleware_(context: Dict[str, Any]) -> int:
+    """Fetch content from the web using the crawler strategy"""
+    url = context.get("url")
+    config = context.get("config")
+    crawler_strategy = context.get("crawler_strategy")
+    logger = context.get("logger")
+    
+    # Skip if using cached result
+    if context.get("cached_result") and context.get("html"):
+        return 1
+    
+    try:
+        t1 = time.perf_counter()
+        
+        if config.user_agent:
+            crawler_strategy.update_user_agent(config.user_agent)
+        
+        # Call CrawlerStrategy.crawl
+        async_response = await crawler_strategy.crawl(url, config=config)
+        
+        html = sanitize_input_encode(async_response.html)
+        screenshot_data = async_response.screenshot
+        pdf_data = async_response.pdf_data
+        js_execution_result = async_response.js_execution_result
+        
+        t2 = time.perf_counter()
+        logger.url_status(
+            url=context["cache_context"].display_url,
+            success=bool(html),
+            timing=t2 - t1,
+            tag="FETCH",
+        )
+        
+        context["html"] = html
+        context["screenshot_data"] = screenshot_data
+        context["pdf_data"] = pdf_data
+        context["js_execution_result"] = js_execution_result
+        context["async_response"] = async_response
+        
+        return 1
+    except Exception as e:
+        context["error_message"] = f"Error fetching content: {str(e)}"
+        return 0
+
+
+async def scrape_content_middleware(context: Dict[str, Any]) -> int:
+    """Apply scraping strategy to extract content"""
+    url = context.get("url")
+    html = context.get("html")
+    config = context.get("config")
+    extracted_content = context.get("extracted_content")
+    logger = context.get("logger")
+    
+    # Skip if already have a crawl result
+    if context.get("crawl_result"):
+        return 1
+    
+    try:
+        _url = url if not context.get("is_raw_html", False) else "Raw HTML"
+        t1 = time.perf_counter()
+        
+        # Get scraping strategy and ensure it has a logger
+        scraping_strategy = config.scraping_strategy
+        if not scraping_strategy.logger:
+            scraping_strategy.logger = logger
+        
+        # Process HTML content
+        params = config.__dict__.copy()
+        params.pop("url", None)
+        # Add keys from kwargs to params that don't exist in params
+        kwargs = context.get("kwargs", {})
+        params.update({k: v for k, v in kwargs.items() if k not in params.keys()})
+        
+        # Scraping Strategy Execution
+        result: ScrapingResult = scraping_strategy.scrap(url, html, **params)
+        
+        if result is None:
+            raise ValueError(f"Process HTML, Failed to extract content from the website: {url}")
+        
+        # Extract results - handle both dict and ScrapingResult
+        if isinstance(result, dict):
+            cleaned_html = sanitize_input_encode(result.get("cleaned_html", ""))
+            media = result.get("media", {})
+            links = result.get("links", {})
+            metadata = result.get("metadata", {})
+        else:
+            cleaned_html = sanitize_input_encode(result.cleaned_html)
+            media = result.media.model_dump()
+            links = result.links.model_dump()
+            metadata = result.metadata
+        
+        context["cleaned_html"] = cleaned_html
+        context["media"] = media
+        context["links"] = links
+        context["metadata"] = metadata
+        
+        # Log processing completion
+        logger.info(
+            message="{url:.50}... | Time: {timing}s",
+            tag="SCRAPE",
+            params={
+                "url": _url,
+                "timing": int((time.perf_counter() - t1) * 1000) / 1000,
+            },
+        )
+        
+        return 1
+    except InvalidCSSSelectorError as e:
+        context["error_message"] = str(e)
+        return 0
+    except Exception as e:
+        context["error_message"] = f"Process HTML, Failed to extract content from the website: {url}, error: {str(e)}"
+        return 0
+
+
+async def generate_markdown_middleware(context: Dict[str, Any]) -> int:
+    """Generate markdown from cleaned HTML"""
+    url = context.get("url")
+    cleaned_html = context.get("cleaned_html")
+    config = context.get("config")
+    
+    # Skip if already have a crawl result
+    if context.get("crawl_result"):
+        return 1
+    
+    # Generate Markdown
+    markdown_generator = config.markdown_generator
+    
+    markdown_result: MarkdownGenerationResult = markdown_generator.generate_markdown(
+        cleaned_html=cleaned_html,
+        base_url=url,
+    )
+    
+    context["markdown_result"] = markdown_result
+    
+    return 1
+
+
+async def extract_structured_content_middleware(context: Dict[str, Any]) -> int:
+    """Extract structured content using extraction strategy"""
+    url = context.get("url")
+    extracted_content = context.get("extracted_content")
+    config = context.get("config")
+    markdown_result = context.get("markdown_result")
+    cleaned_html = context.get("cleaned_html")
+    logger = context.get("logger")
+    
+    # Skip if already have a crawl result or extracted content
+    if context.get("crawl_result") or bool(extracted_content):
+        return 1
+    
+    from crawl4ai.chunking_strategy import IdentityChunking
+    from crawl4ai.extraction_strategy import NoExtractionStrategy
+    
+    if config.extraction_strategy and not isinstance(config.extraction_strategy, NoExtractionStrategy):
+        t1 = time.perf_counter()
+        _url = url if not context.get("is_raw_html", False) else "Raw HTML"
+        
+        # Choose content based on input_format
+        content_format = config.extraction_strategy.input_format
+        if content_format == "fit_markdown" and not markdown_result.fit_markdown:
+            logger.warning(
+                message="Fit markdown requested but not available. Falling back to raw markdown.",
+                tag="EXTRACT",
+                params={"url": _url},
+            )
+            content_format = "markdown"
+        
+        content = {
+            "markdown": markdown_result.raw_markdown,
+            "html": context.get("html"),
+            "cleaned_html": cleaned_html,
+            "fit_markdown": markdown_result.fit_markdown,
+        }.get(content_format, markdown_result.raw_markdown)
+        
+        # Use IdentityChunking for HTML input, otherwise use provided chunking strategy
+        chunking = (
+            IdentityChunking()
+            if content_format in ["html", "cleaned_html"]
+            else config.chunking_strategy
+        )
+        sections = chunking.chunk(content)
+        extracted_content = config.extraction_strategy.run(url, sections)
+        extracted_content = json.dumps(
+            extracted_content, indent=4, default=str, ensure_ascii=False
+        )
+        
+        context["extracted_content"] = extracted_content
+        
+        # Log extraction completion
+        logger.info(
+            message="Completed for {url:.50}... | Time: {timing}s",
+            tag="EXTRACT",
+            params={"url": _url, "timing": time.perf_counter() - t1},
+        )
+    
+    return 1
+
+
+async def format_html_middleware(context: Dict[str, Any]) -> int:
+    """Format HTML if prettify is enabled"""
+    config = context.get("config")
+    cleaned_html = context.get("cleaned_html")
+    
+    # Skip if already have a crawl result
+    if context.get("crawl_result"):
+        return 1
+    
+    # Apply HTML formatting if requested
+    if config.prettiify and cleaned_html:
+        context["cleaned_html"] = fast_format_html(cleaned_html)
+    
+    return 1
+
+
+async def write_cache_middleware(context: Dict[str, Any]) -> int:
+    """Write result to cache if appropriate"""
+    cache_context = context.get("cache_context")
+    cached_result = context.get("cached_result")
+    
+    # Skip if already have a crawl result or not using cache
+    if context.get("crawl_result") or not cache_context.should_write() or bool(cached_result):
+        return 1
+    
+    # We'll create the CrawlResult in build_result_middleware and cache it there
+    # to avoid creating it twice
+    
+    return 1
+
+
+async def build_result_middleware(context: Dict[str, Any]) -> int:
+    """Build the final CrawlResult object"""
+    url = context.get("url")
+    html = context.get("html", "")
+    cache_context = context.get("cache_context")
+    cached_result = context.get("cached_result")
+    config = context.get("config")
+    logger = context.get("logger")
+    
+    # If we already have a crawl result (from an earlier middleware like robots.txt check)
+    if context.get("crawl_result"):
+        result = context["crawl_result"]
+        context["final_result"] = CrawlResultContainer(result)
+        return 1
+    
+    # If we have a cached result
+    if cached_result and html:
+        logger.success(
+            message="{url:.50}... | Status: {status} | Total: {timing}",
+            tag="COMPLETE",
+            params={
+                "url": cache_context.display_url,
+                "status": True,
+                "timing": f"{time.perf_counter() - context['start_time']:.2f}s",
+            },
+            colors={"status": "green", "timing": "yellow"},
+        )
+        
+        cached_result.success = bool(html)
+        cached_result.session_id = getattr(config, "session_id", None)
+        cached_result.redirected_url = cached_result.redirected_url or url
+        context["final_result"] = CrawlResultContainer(cached_result)
+        return 1
+    
+    # Build a new result
+    try:
+        # Get all necessary components from context
+        cleaned_html = context.get("cleaned_html", "")
+        markdown_result = context.get("markdown_result")
+        media = context.get("media", {})
+        links = context.get("links", {})
+        metadata = context.get("metadata", {})
+        screenshot_data = context.get("screenshot_data")
+        pdf_data = context.get("pdf_data")
+        extracted_content = context.get("extracted_content")
+        async_response = context.get("async_response")
+        
+        # Create the CrawlResult
+        crawl_result = CrawlResult(
+            url=url,
+            html=html,
+            cleaned_html=cleaned_html,
+            markdown=markdown_result,
+            media=media,
+            links=links,
+            metadata=metadata,
+            screenshot=screenshot_data,
+            pdf=pdf_data,
+            extracted_content=extracted_content,
+            success=bool(html),
+            error_message="",
+        )
+        
+        # Add response details if available
+        if async_response:
+            crawl_result.status_code = async_response.status_code
+            crawl_result.redirected_url = async_response.redirected_url or url
+            crawl_result.response_headers = async_response.response_headers
+            crawl_result.downloaded_files = async_response.downloaded_files
+            crawl_result.js_execution_result = context.get("js_execution_result")
+            crawl_result.ssl_certificate = async_response.ssl_certificate
+        
+        crawl_result.session_id = getattr(config, "session_id", None)
+        
+        # Log completion
+        logger.success(
+            message="{url:.50}... | Status: {status} | Total: {timing}",
+            tag="COMPLETE",
+            params={
+                "url": cache_context.display_url,
+                "status": crawl_result.success,
+                "timing": f"{time.perf_counter() - context['start_time']:.2f}s",
+            },
+            colors={
+                "status": "green" if crawl_result.success else "red",
+                "timing": "yellow",
+            },
+        )
+        
+        # Update cache if appropriate
+        if cache_context.should_write() and not bool(cached_result):
+            await async_db_manager.acache_url(crawl_result)
+        
+        context["final_result"] = CrawlResultContainer(crawl_result)
+        return 1
+    except Exception as e:
+        error_context = get_error_context(sys.exc_info())
+        
+        error_message = (
+            f"Unexpected error in build_result at line {error_context['line_no']} "
+            f"in {error_context['function']} ({error_context['filename']}):\n"
+            f"Error: {str(e)}\n\n"
+            f"Code context:\n{error_context['code_context']}"
+        )
+        
+        logger.error_status(
+            url=url,
+            error=create_box_message(error_message, type="error"),
+            tag="ERROR",
+        )
+        
+        context["final_result"] = CrawlResultContainer(
+            CrawlResult(
+                url=url, html="", success=False, error_message=error_message
+            )
+        )
+        return 1
+
+
+async def handle_error_middleware(context: Dict[str, Any]) -> Dict[str, Any]:
+    """Error handler middleware"""
+    url = context.get("url", "")
+    error_message = context.get("error_message", "Unknown error")
+    logger = context.get("logger")
+    
+    # Log the error
+    if logger:
+        logger.error_status(
+            url=url,
+            error=create_box_message(error_message, type="error"),
+            tag="ERROR",
+        )
+    
+    # Create a failure result
+    context["final_result"] = CrawlResultContainer(
+        CrawlResult(
+            url=url, html="", success=False, error_message=error_message
+        )
+    )
+    
+    return context
+
+
+# Custom middlewares as requested
+
+async def sentiment_analysis_middleware(context: Dict[str, Any]) -> int:
+    """Analyze sentiment of generated markdown using TextBlob"""
+    from textblob import TextBlob
+    
+    markdown_result = context.get("markdown_result")
+    
+    # Skip if no markdown or already failed
+    if not markdown_result or not context.get("success", True):
+        return 1
+    
+    try:
+        # Get raw markdown text
+        raw_markdown = markdown_result.raw_markdown
+        
+        # Analyze sentiment
+        blob = TextBlob(raw_markdown)
+        sentiment = blob.sentiment
+        
+        # Add sentiment to context
+        context["sentiment_analysis"] = {
+            "polarity": sentiment.polarity,  # -1.0 to 1.0 (negative to positive)
+            "subjectivity": sentiment.subjectivity,  # 0.0 to 1.0 (objective to subjective)
+            "classification": "positive" if sentiment.polarity > 0.1 else 
+                             "negative" if sentiment.polarity < -0.1 else "neutral"
+        }
+        
+        return 1
+    except Exception as e:
+        # Don't fail the pipeline on sentiment analysis failure
+        context["sentiment_analysis_error"] = str(e)
+        return 1
+
+
+async def log_timing_middleware(context: Dict[str, Any], name: str) -> int:
+    """Log timing information for a specific point in the pipeline"""
+    context[f"_timing_mark_{name}"] = time.perf_counter()
+    
+    # Calculate duration if we have a start time
+    start_key = f"_timing_start_{name}"
+    if start_key in context:
+        duration = context[f"_timing_mark_{name}"] - context[start_key]
+        context[f"_timing_duration_{name}"] = duration
+        
+        # Log the timing if we have a logger
+        logger = context.get("logger")
+        if logger:
+            logger.info(
+                message="{name} completed in {duration:.2f}s",
+                tag="TIMING",
+                params={"name": name, "duration": duration},
+            )
+    
+    return 1
+
+
+async def validate_url_middleware(context: Dict[str, Any], patterns: List[str]) -> int:
+    """Validate URL against glob patterns"""
+    import fnmatch
+    url = context.get("url", "")
+    
+    # If no patterns provided, allow all
+    if not patterns:
+        return 1
+    
+    # Check if URL matches any of the allowed patterns
+    for pattern in patterns:
+        if fnmatch.fnmatch(url, pattern):
+            return 1
+    
+    # If we get here, URL didn't match any patterns
+    context["error_message"] = f"URL '{url}' does not match any allowed patterns"
+    return 0
+
+
+# Update the default middleware list function
+def create_default_middleware_list():
+    """Return the default list of middleware functions for the pipeline."""
+    return [
+        initialize_context_middleware,
+        check_cache_middleware,
+        browser_hub_middleware,  # Add browser hub middleware before fetch_content
+        configure_proxy_middleware,
+        check_robots_txt_middleware,
+        fetch_content_middleware,
+        scrape_content_middleware,
+        generate_markdown_middleware,
+        extract_structured_content_middleware,
+        format_html_middleware,
+        build_result_middleware
+    ]

crawl4ai/pipeline/pipeline.py

@@ -0,0 +1,297 @@
+
+import time
+import asyncio
+from typing import Callable, Dict, List, Any, Optional, Awaitable, Union, TypedDict, Tuple, Coroutine
+
+from .middlewares import create_default_middleware_list, handle_error_middleware
+from crawl4ai.models import CrawlResultContainer, CrawlResult
+from crawl4ai.async_crawler_strategy import AsyncCrawlerStrategy, AsyncPlaywrightCrawlerStrategy
+from crawl4ai.async_configs import BrowserConfig, CrawlerRunConfig
+from crawl4ai.async_logger import AsyncLogger
+
+
+class CrawlSpec(TypedDict, total=False):
+    """Specification for a single crawl operation in batch_crawl."""
+    url: str
+    config: Optional[CrawlerRunConfig]
+    browser_config: Optional[BrowserConfig]
+
+class BatchStatus(TypedDict, total=False):
+    """Status information for batch crawl operations."""
+    total: int
+    processed: int
+    succeeded: int
+    failed: int
+    in_progress: int
+    duration: float
+    
+class Pipeline:
+    """
+    A pipeline processor that executes a series of async middleware functions.
+    Each middleware function receives a context dictionary, updates it,
+    and returns 1 for success or 0 for failure.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self, 
+        middleware: List[Callable[[Dict[str, Any]], Awaitable[int]]] = None,
+        error_handler: Optional[Callable[[Dict[str, Any]], Awaitable[Dict[str, Any]]]] = None,
+        after_middleware_callback: Optional[Callable[[str, Dict[str, Any]], Awaitable[None]]] = None,
+        crawler_strategy: Optional[AsyncCrawlerStrategy] = None,
+        browser_config: Optional[BrowserConfig] = None,
+        logger: Optional[AsyncLogger] = None,
+        _initial_context: Optional[Dict[str, Any]] = None
+    ):
+        self.middleware = middleware or create_default_middleware_list()
+        self.error_handler = error_handler or handle_error_middleware
+        self.after_middleware_callback = after_middleware_callback
+        self.browser_config = browser_config or BrowserConfig()
+        self.logger = logger or AsyncLogger(verbose=self.browser_config.verbose)
+        self.crawler_strategy = crawler_strategy or AsyncPlaywrightCrawlerStrategy(
+            browser_config=self.browser_config,
+            logger=self.logger
+        )
+        self._initial_context = _initial_context
+        self._strategy_initialized = False
+    
+    async def _initialize_strategy__(self):
+        """Initialize the crawler strategy if not already initialized"""
+        if not self.crawler_strategy:
+            self.crawler_strategy = AsyncPlaywrightCrawlerStrategy(
+                browser_config=self.browser_config,
+                logger=self.logger
+            )
+        
+        if not self._strategy_initialized:
+            await self.crawler_strategy.__aenter__()
+            self._strategy_initialized = True
+    
+    async def _initialize_strategy(self):
+        """Initialize the crawler strategy if not already initialized"""
+        # With our new approach, we don't need to create the crawler strategy here
+        # as it will be created on-demand in fetch_content_middleware
+        
+        # Just ensure browser hub is available if needed
+        if hasattr(self, "_initial_context") and "browser_hub" not in self._initial_context:
+            # If a browser_config was provided but no browser_hub yet, 
+            # we'll let the browser_hub_middleware handle creating it
+            pass
+        
+        # Mark as initialized to prevent repeated initialization attempts
+        self._strategy_initialized = True
+
+    async def start(self):
+        """Start the crawler strategy and prepare it for use"""
+        if not self._strategy_initialized:
+            await self._initialize_strategy()
+            self._strategy_initialized = True
+        if self.crawler_strategy:
+            await self.crawler_strategy.__aenter__()
+            self._strategy_initialized = True
+        else:
+            raise ValueError("Crawler strategy is not initialized.")
+    
+    async def close(self):
+        """Close the crawler strategy and clean up resources"""
+        await self.stop()
+
+    async def stop(self):
+        """Close the crawler strategy and clean up resources"""
+        if self._strategy_initialized and self.crawler_strategy:
+            await self.crawler_strategy.__aexit__(None, None, None)
+            self._strategy_initialized = False
+    
+    async def __aenter__(self):
+        await self.start()
+        return self
+    
+    async def __aexit__(self, exc_type, exc_val, exc_tb):
+        await self.close()
+    
+    async def crawl(self, url: str, config: Optional[CrawlerRunConfig] = None, **kwargs) -> CrawlResultContainer:
+        """
+        Crawl a URL and process it through the pipeline.
+        
+        Args:
+            url: The URL to crawl
+            config: Optional configuration for the crawl
+            **kwargs: Additional arguments to pass to the middleware
+            
+        Returns:
+            CrawlResultContainer: The result of the crawl
+        """
+        # Initialize strategy if needed
+        await self._initialize_strategy()
+        
+        # Create the initial context
+        context = {
+            "url": url,
+            "config": config or CrawlerRunConfig(),
+            "browser_config": self.browser_config,
+            "logger": self.logger,
+            "crawler_strategy": self.crawler_strategy,
+            "kwargs": kwargs
+        }
+        
+        # Process the pipeline
+        result_context = await self.process(context)
+        
+        # Return the final result
+        return result_context.get("final_result")
+    
+    async def process(self, initial_context: Dict[str, Any] = None) -> Dict[str, Any]:
+        """
+        Process all middleware functions with the given context.
+        
+        Args:
+            initial_context: Initial context dictionary, defaults to empty dict
+            
+        Returns:
+            Updated context dictionary after all middleware have been processed
+        """
+        context = {**self._initial_context}
+        if initial_context:
+            context.update(initial_context)
+        
+        # Record pipeline start time
+        context["_pipeline_start_time"] = time.perf_counter()
+        
+        for middleware_fn in self.middleware:
+            # Get middleware name for logging
+            middleware_name = getattr(middleware_fn, '__name__', str(middleware_fn))
+            
+            # Record start time for this middleware
+            start_time = time.perf_counter()
+            context[f"_timing_start_{middleware_name}"] = start_time
+            
+            try:
+                # Execute middleware (all middleware functions are async)
+                result = await middleware_fn(context)
+                
+                # Record completion time
+                end_time = time.perf_counter()
+                context[f"_timing_end_{middleware_name}"] = end_time
+                context[f"_timing_duration_{middleware_name}"] = end_time - start_time
+                
+                # Execute after-middleware callback if provided
+                if self.after_middleware_callback:
+                    await self.after_middleware_callback(middleware_name, context)
+                
+                # Convert boolean returns to int (True->1, False->0)
+                if isinstance(result, bool):
+                    result = 1 if result else 0
+                
+                # Handle failure
+                if result == 0:
+                    if self.error_handler:
+                        context["_error_in"] = middleware_name
+                        context["_error_at"] = time.perf_counter()
+                        return await self._handle_error(context)
+                    else:
+                        context["success"] = False
+                        context["error_message"] = f"Pipeline failed at {middleware_name}"
+                        break
+            except Exception as e:
+                # Record error information
+                context["_error_in"] = middleware_name
+                context["_error_at"] = time.perf_counter()
+                context["_exception"] = e
+                context["success"] = False
+                context["error_message"] = f"Exception in {middleware_name}: {str(e)}"
+                
+                # Call error handler if available
+                if self.error_handler:
+                    return await self._handle_error(context)
+                break
+        
+        # Record pipeline completion time
+        pipeline_end_time = time.perf_counter()
+        context["_pipeline_end_time"] = pipeline_end_time
+        context["_pipeline_duration"] = pipeline_end_time - context["_pipeline_start_time"]
+        
+        # Set success to True if not already set (no failures)
+        if "success" not in context:
+            context["success"] = True
+        
+        return context
+    
+    async def _handle_error(self, context: Dict[str, Any]) -> Dict[str, Any]:
+        """Handle errors by calling the error handler"""
+        try:
+            return await self.error_handler(context)
+        except Exception as e:
+            # If error handler fails, update context with this new error
+            context["_error_handler_exception"] = e
+            context["error_message"] = f"Error handler failed: {str(e)}"
+            return context
+
+
+
+async def create_pipeline(
+    middleware_list=None, 
+    error_handler=None,
+    after_middleware_callback=None,
+    browser_config=None,
+    browser_hub_id=None,
+    browser_hub_connection=None,
+    browser_hub=None,
+    logger=None
+) -> Pipeline:
+    """
+    Factory function to create a pipeline with Browser-Hub integration.
+    
+    Args:
+        middleware_list: List of middleware functions
+        error_handler: Error handler middleware
+        after_middleware_callback: Callback after middleware execution
+        browser_config: Configuration for the browser
+        browser_hub_id: ID for browser hub instance
+        browser_hub_connection: Connection string for existing browser hub
+        browser_hub: Existing browser hub instance to use
+        logger: Logger instance
+        
+    Returns:
+        Pipeline: Configured pipeline instance
+    """
+    # Use default middleware list if none provided
+    middleware = middleware_list or create_default_middleware_list()
+    
+    # Create the pipeline
+    pipeline = Pipeline(
+        middleware=middleware,
+        error_handler=error_handler,
+        after_middleware_callback=after_middleware_callback,
+        logger=logger
+    )
+    
+    # Set browser-related attributes in the initial context
+    pipeline._initial_context = {
+        "browser_config": browser_config,
+        "browser_hub_id": browser_hub_id,
+        "browser_hub_connection": browser_hub_connection,
+        "browser_hub": browser_hub,
+        "logger": logger
+    }
+    
+    return pipeline
+
+
+
+
+# async def create_pipeline(
+#     middleware_list: Optional[List[Callable[[Dict[str, Any]], Awaitable[int]]]] = None, 
+#     error_handler: Optional[Callable[[Dict[str, Any]], Awaitable[Dict[str, Any]]]] = None,
+#     after_middleware_callback: Optional[Callable[[str, Dict[str, Any]], Awaitable[None]]] = None,
+#     crawler_strategy = None,
+#     browser_config = None,
+#     logger = None
+# ) -> Pipeline:
+#     """Factory function to create a pipeline with the given middleware"""
+#     return Pipeline(
+#         middleware=middleware_list,
+#         error_handler=error_handler,
+#         after_middleware_callback=after_middleware_callback,
+#         crawler_strategy=crawler_strategy,
+#         browser_config=browser_config,
+#         logger=logger
+#     )

crawl4ai/pipeline/test_pipeline.py

@@ -0,0 +1,109 @@
+import asyncio
+from crawl4ai import (
+    BrowserConfig,
+    CrawlerRunConfig,
+    CacheMode,
+    DefaultMarkdownGenerator,
+    PruningContentFilter
+)
+from pipeline import Pipeline
+
+async def main():
+    # Create configuration objects
+    browser_config = BrowserConfig(headless=True, verbose=True)
+    crawler_config = CrawlerRunConfig(
+        cache_mode=CacheMode.BYPASS,
+        markdown_generator=DefaultMarkdownGenerator(
+            content_filter=PruningContentFilter(
+                threshold=0.48, 
+                threshold_type="fixed", 
+                min_word_threshold=0
+            )
+        ),
+    )
+    
+    # Create and use pipeline with context manager
+    async with Pipeline(browser_config=browser_config) as pipeline:
+        result = await pipeline.crawl(
+            url="https://www.example.com", 
+            config=crawler_config
+        )
+        
+        # Print the result
+        print(f"URL: {result.url}")
+        print(f"Success: {result.success}")
+        
+        if result.success:
+            print("\nMarkdown excerpt:")
+            print(result.markdown.raw_markdown[:500] + "...")
+        else:
+            print(f"Error: {result.error_message}")
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    asyncio.run(main())
+
+
+class CrawlTarget:
+    def __init__(self, urls, config=None):
+        self.urls = urls
+        self.config = config
+
+    def __repr__(self):
+        return f"CrawlTarget(urls={self.urls}, config={self.config})"
+    
+
+
+
+# async def main():
+#     # Create configuration objects
+#     browser_config = BrowserConfig(headless=True, verbose=True)
+    
+#     # Define different configurations
+#     config1 = CrawlerRunConfig(
+#         cache_mode=CacheMode.BYPASS,
+#         markdown_generator=DefaultMarkdownGenerator(
+#             content_filter=PruningContentFilter(threshold=0.48)
+#         ),
+#     )
+    
+#     config2 = CrawlerRunConfig(
+#         cache_mode=CacheMode.ENABLED,
+#         screenshot=True,
+#         pdf=True
+#     )
+    
+#     # Create crawl targets
+#     targets = [
+#         CrawlTarget(
+#             urls=["https://www.example.com", "https://www.wikipedia.org"],
+#             config=config1
+#         ),
+#         CrawlTarget(
+#             urls="https://news.ycombinator.com",  
+#             config=config2
+#         ),
+#         CrawlTarget(
+#             urls=["https://github.com", "https://stackoverflow.com", "https://python.org"],
+#             config=None
+#         )
+#     ]
+    
+#     # Create and use pipeline with context manager
+#     async with Pipeline(browser_config=browser_config) as pipeline:
+#         all_results = await pipeline.crawl_batch(targets)
+        
+#         for target_key, results in all_results.items():
+#             print(f"\n===== Results for {target_key} =====")
+#             print(f"Number of URLs crawled: {len(results)}")
+            
+#             for i, result in enumerate(results):
+#                 print(f"\nURL {i+1}: {result.url}")
+#                 print(f"Success: {result.success}")
+                
+#                 if result.success:
+#                     print(f"Content length: {len(result.markdown.raw_markdown)} chars")
+#                 else:
+#                     print(f"Error: {result.error_message}")
+
+# if __name__ == "__main__":
+#     asyncio.run(main())

crawl4ai/prompts.py

@@ -203,6 +203,62 @@ Avoid Common Mistakes:
 Result
 Output the final list of JSON objects, wrapped in <blocks>...</blocks> XML tags. Make sure to close the tag properly."""
 
+PROMPT_EXTRACT_INFERRED_SCHEMA = """Here is the content from the URL:
+<url>{URL}</url>
+
+<url_content>
+{HTML}
+</url_content>
+
+Please carefully read the URL content and the user's request. Analyze the page structure and infer the most appropriate JSON schema based on the content and request.
+
+Extraction Strategy:
+1. First, determine if the page contains repetitive items (like multiple products, articles, etc.) or a single content item (like a single article or page).
+2. For repetitive items: Identify the common pattern and extract each instance as a separate JSON object in an array.
+3. For single content: Extract the key information into a comprehensive JSON object that captures the essential details.
+
+Extraction instructions:
+Return the extracted information as a list of JSON objects. For repetitive content, each object in the list should correspond to a distinct item. For single content, you may return just one detailed JSON object. Wrap the entire JSON list in <blocks>...</blocks> XML tags.
+
+Schema Design Guidelines:
+- Create meaningful property names that clearly describe the data they contain
+- Use nested objects for hierarchical information
+- Use arrays for lists of related items
+- Include all information requested by the user
+- Maintain consistency in property names and data structures
+- Only include properties that are actually present in the content
+- For dates, prefer ISO format (YYYY-MM-DD)
+- For prices or numeric values, extract them without currency symbols when possible
+
+Quality Reflection:
+Before outputting your final answer, double check that:
+1. The inferred schema makes logical sense for the type of content
+2. All requested information is included
+3. The JSON is valid and could be parsed without errors
+4. Property names are consistent and descriptive
+5. The structure is optimal for the type of data being represented
+
+Avoid Common Mistakes:
+- Do NOT add any comments using "//" or "#" in the JSON output. It causes parsing errors.
+- Make sure the JSON is properly formatted with curly braces, square brackets, and commas in the right places.
+- Do not miss closing </blocks> tag at the end of the JSON output.
+- Do not generate Python code showing how to do the task; this is your task to extract the information and return it in JSON format.
+- Ensure consistency in property names across all objects
+- Don't include empty properties or null values unless they're meaningful
+- For repetitive content, ensure all objects follow the same schema
+
+Important: If user specific instruction is provided, then stress significantly on what user is requesting and describing about the schema of end result (if any). If user is requesting to extract specific information, then focus on that and ignore the rest of the content.
+<user_request>
+{REQUEST}
+</user_request>
+
+Result:
+Output the final list of JSON objects, wrapped in <blocks>...</blocks> XML tags. Make sure to close the tag properly.
+
+DO NOT ADD ANY PRE OR POST COMMENTS. JUST RETURN THE JSON OBJECTS INSIDE <blocks>...</blocks> TAGS.
+
+CRITICAL: The content inside the <blocks> tags MUST be a direct array of JSON objects (starting with '[' and ending with ']'), not a dictionary/object containing an array. For example, use <blocks>[{...}, {...}]</blocks> instead of <blocks>{"items": [{...}, {...}]}</blocks>. This is essential for proper parsing.
+"""
 
 PROMPT_FILTER_CONTENT = """Your task is to filter and convert HTML content into clean, focused markdown that's optimized for use with LLMs and information retrieval systems.
 

crawl4ai/proxy_strategy.py

@@ -1,8 +1,119 @@
 from typing import List, Dict, Optional
 from abc import ABC, abstractmethod
 from itertools import cycle
+import os
+
+
+class ProxyConfig:
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        server: str,
+        username: Optional[str] = None,
+        password: Optional[str] = None,
+        ip: Optional[str] = None,
+    ):
+        """Configuration class for a single proxy.
+        
+        Args:
+            server: Proxy server URL (e.g., "http://127.0.0.1:8080")
+            username: Optional username for proxy authentication
+            password: Optional password for proxy authentication
+            ip: Optional IP address for verification purposes
+        """
+        self.server = server
+        self.username = username
+        self.password = password
+        
+        # Extract IP from server if not explicitly provided
+        self.ip = ip or self._extract_ip_from_server()
+    
+    def _extract_ip_from_server(self) -> Optional[str]:
+        """Extract IP address from server URL."""
+        try:
+            # Simple extraction assuming http://ip:port format
+            if "://" in self.server:
+                parts = self.server.split("://")[1].split(":")
+                return parts[0]
+            else:
+                parts = self.server.split(":")
+                return parts[0]
+        except Exception:
+            return None
+    
+    @staticmethod
+    def from_string(proxy_str: str) -> "ProxyConfig":
+        """Create a ProxyConfig from a string in the format 'ip:port:username:password'."""
+        parts = proxy_str.split(":")
+        if len(parts) == 4:  # ip:port:username:password
+            ip, port, username, password = parts
+            return ProxyConfig(
+                server=f"http://{ip}:{port}",
+                username=username,
+                password=password,
+                ip=ip
+            )
+        elif len(parts) == 2:  # ip:port only
+            ip, port = parts
+            return ProxyConfig(
+                server=f"http://{ip}:{port}",
+                ip=ip
+            )
+        else:
+            raise ValueError(f"Invalid proxy string format: {proxy_str}")
+    
+    @staticmethod
+    def from_dict(proxy_dict: Dict) -> "ProxyConfig":
+        """Create a ProxyConfig from a dictionary."""
+        return ProxyConfig(
+            server=proxy_dict.get("server"),
+            username=proxy_dict.get("username"),
+            password=proxy_dict.get("password"),
+            ip=proxy_dict.get("ip")
+        )
+    
+    @staticmethod
+    def from_env(env_var: str = "PROXIES") -> List["ProxyConfig"]:
+        """Load proxies from environment variable.
+        
+        Args:
+            env_var: Name of environment variable containing comma-separated proxy strings
+            
+        Returns:
+            List of ProxyConfig objects
+        """
+        proxies = []
+        try:
+            proxy_list = os.getenv(env_var, "").split(",")
+            for proxy in proxy_list:
+                if not proxy:
+                    continue
+                proxies.append(ProxyConfig.from_string(proxy))
+        except Exception as e:
+            print(f"Error loading proxies from environment: {e}")
+        return proxies
+    
+    def to_dict(self) -> Dict:
+        """Convert to dictionary representation."""
+        return {
+            "server": self.server,
+            "username": self.username,
+            "password": self.password,
+            "ip": self.ip
+        }
+    
+    def clone(self, **kwargs) -> "ProxyConfig":
+        """Create a copy of this configuration with updated values.
+
+        Args:
+            **kwargs: Key-value pairs of configuration options to update
+
+        Returns:
+            ProxyConfig: A new instance with the specified updates
+        """
+        config_dict = self.to_dict()
+        config_dict.update(kwargs)
+        return ProxyConfig.from_dict(config_dict)
 
-from crawl4ai.configs import ProxyConfig
 
 class ProxyRotationStrategy(ABC):
     """Base abstract class for proxy rotation strategies"""

crawl4ai/types.py

@@ -178,4 +178,10 @@ if TYPE_CHECKING:
         BestFirstCrawlingStrategy as BestFirstCrawlingStrategyType,
         DFSDeepCrawlStrategy as DFSDeepCrawlStrategyType,
         DeepCrawlDecorator as DeepCrawlDecoratorType,
-    )
+    )
+
+
+
+def create_llm_config(*args, **kwargs) -> 'LLMConfigType':
+    from .async_configs import LLMConfig
+    return LLMConfig(*args, **kwargs)

crawl4ai/utils.py

@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ import cProfile
 import pstats
 from functools import wraps
 import asyncio
-
+from lxml import etree, html as lhtml
 import sqlite3
 import hashlib
 
@@ -1551,7 +1551,7 @@ def extract_xml_tags(string):
     return list(set(tags))
 
 
-def extract_xml_data(tags, string):
+def extract_xml_data_legacy(tags, string):
     """
     Extract data for specified XML tags from a string.
 
@@ -1580,6 +1580,38 @@ def extract_xml_data(tags, string):
 
     return data
 
+def extract_xml_data(tags, string):
+    """
+    Extract data for specified XML tags from a string, returning the longest content for each tag.
+
+    How it works:
+    1. Finds all occurrences of each tag in the string using regex.
+    2. For each tag, selects the occurrence with the longest content.
+    3. Returns a dictionary of tag-content pairs.
+
+    Args:
+        tags (List[str]): The list of XML tags to extract.
+        string (str): The input string containing XML data.
+
+    Returns:
+        Dict[str, str]: A dictionary with tag names as keys and longest extracted content as values.
+    """
+
+    data = {}
+
+    for tag in tags:
+        pattern = f"<{tag}>(.*?)</{tag}>"
+        matches = re.findall(pattern, string, re.DOTALL)
+        
+        if matches:
+            # Find the longest content for this tag
+            longest_content = max(matches, key=len).strip()
+            data[tag] = longest_content
+        else:
+            data[tag] = ""
+
+    return data
+
 
 def perform_completion_with_backoff(
     provider,
@@ -1648,6 +1680,19 @@ def perform_completion_with_backoff(
                         "content": ["Rate limit error. Please try again later."],
                     }
                 ]
+        except Exception as e:
+            raise e  # Raise any other exceptions immediately
+            # print("Error during completion request:", str(e))
+            # error_message = e.message
+            # return [
+            #     {
+            #         "index": 0,
+            #         "tags": ["error"],
+            #         "content": [
+            #             f"Error during LLM completion request. {error_message}"
+            #         ],
+            #     }
+            # ]
 
 
 def extract_blocks(url, html, provider=DEFAULT_PROVIDER, api_token=None, base_url=None):
@@ -2617,3 +2662,116 @@ class HeadPeekr:
     def get_title(head_content: str):
         title_match = re.search(r'<title>(.*?)</title>', head_content, re.IGNORECASE | re.DOTALL)
         return title_match.group(1) if title_match else None
+
+def preprocess_html_for_schema(html_content, text_threshold=100, attr_value_threshold=200, max_size=100000):
+    """
+    Preprocess HTML to reduce size while preserving structure for schema generation.
+    
+    Args:
+        html_content (str): Raw HTML content
+        text_threshold (int): Maximum length for text nodes before truncation
+        attr_value_threshold (int): Maximum length for attribute values before truncation
+        max_size (int): Target maximum size for output HTML
+        
+    Returns:
+        str: Preprocessed HTML content
+    """
+    try:
+        # Parse HTML with error recovery
+        parser = etree.HTMLParser(remove_comments=True, remove_blank_text=True)
+        tree = lhtml.fromstring(html_content, parser=parser)
+        
+        # 1. Remove HEAD section (keep only BODY)
+        head_elements = tree.xpath('//head')
+        for head in head_elements:
+            if head.getparent() is not None:
+                head.getparent().remove(head)
+        
+        # 2. Define tags to remove completely
+        tags_to_remove = [
+            'script', 'style', 'noscript', 'iframe', 'canvas', 'svg',
+            'video', 'audio', 'source', 'track', 'map', 'area'
+        ]
+        
+        # Remove unwanted elements
+        for tag in tags_to_remove:
+            elements = tree.xpath(f'//{tag}')
+            for element in elements:
+                if element.getparent() is not None:
+                    element.getparent().remove(element)
+        
+        # 3. Process remaining elements to clean attributes and truncate text
+        for element in tree.iter():
+            # Skip if we're at the root level
+            if element.getparent() is None:
+                continue
+                
+            # Clean non-essential attributes but preserve structural ones
+            # attribs_to_keep = {'id', 'class', 'name', 'href', 'src', 'type', 'value', 'data-'}
+
+            # This is more aggressive than the previous version
+            attribs_to_keep = {'id', 'class', 'name', 'type', 'value'}
+
+            # attributes_hates_truncate = ['id', 'class', "data-"]
+
+            # This means, I don't care, if an attribute is too long, truncate it, go and find a better css selector to build a schema
+            attributes_hates_truncate = []
+            
+            # Process each attribute
+            for attrib in list(element.attrib.keys()):
+                # Keep if it's essential or starts with data-
+                if not (attrib in attribs_to_keep or attrib.startswith('data-')):
+                    element.attrib.pop(attrib)
+                # Truncate long attribute values except for selectors
+                elif attrib not in attributes_hates_truncate and len(element.attrib[attrib]) > attr_value_threshold:
+                    element.attrib[attrib] = element.attrib[attrib][:attr_value_threshold] + '...'
+            
+            # Truncate text content if it's too long
+            if element.text and len(element.text.strip()) > text_threshold:
+                element.text = element.text.strip()[:text_threshold] + '...'
+                
+            # Also truncate tail text if present
+            if element.tail and len(element.tail.strip()) > text_threshold:
+                element.tail = element.tail.strip()[:text_threshold] + '...'
+        
+        # 4. Find repeated patterns and keep only a few examples
+        # This is a simplistic approach - more sophisticated pattern detection could be implemented
+        pattern_elements = {}
+        for element in tree.xpath('//*[contains(@class, "")]'):
+            parent = element.getparent()
+            if parent is None:
+                continue
+                
+            # Create a signature based on tag and classes
+            classes = element.get('class', '')
+            if not classes:
+                continue
+            signature = f"{element.tag}.{classes}"
+            
+            if signature in pattern_elements:
+                pattern_elements[signature].append(element)
+            else:
+                pattern_elements[signature] = [element]
+        
+        # Keep only 3 examples of each repeating pattern
+        for signature, elements in pattern_elements.items():
+            if len(elements) > 3:
+                # Keep the first 2 and last elements
+                for element in elements[2:-1]:
+                    if element.getparent() is not None:
+                        element.getparent().remove(element)
+        
+        # 5. Convert back to string
+        result = etree.tostring(tree, encoding='unicode', method='html')
+        
+        # If still over the size limit, apply more aggressive truncation
+        if len(result) > max_size:
+            return result[:max_size] + "..."
+            
+        return result
+    
+    except Exception as e:
+        # Fallback for parsing errors
+        return html_content[:max_size] if len(html_content) > max_size else html_content
+    
+

deploy/docker/README.md

@@ -352,7 +352,10 @@ Example:
 from crawl4ai import CrawlerRunConfig, PruningContentFilter
 
 config = CrawlerRunConfig(
-    content_filter=PruningContentFilter(threshold=0.48)
+    markdown_generator=DefaultMarkdownGenerator(
+        content_filter=PruningContentFilter(threshold=0.48, threshold_type="fixed")
+    ),
+    cache_mode= CacheMode.BYPASS
 )
 print(config.dump())  # Use this JSON in your API calls
 ```
@@ -551,7 +554,7 @@ async def test_stream_crawl(session, token: str):
             "https://example.com/page3",  
         ],
         "browser_config": {"headless": True, "viewport": {"width": 1200}},
-        "crawler_config": {"stream": True, "cache_mode": "aggressive"}
+        "crawler_config": {"stream": True, "cache_mode": "bypass"}
     }
 
     # headers = {"Authorization": f"Bearer {token}"} # If JWT is enabled, more on this later

deploy/docker/api.py

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import os
 import json
 import asyncio
 from typing import List, Tuple
+from functools import partial
 
 import logging
 from typing import Optional, AsyncGenerator
@@ -388,12 +389,13 @@ async def handle_crawl_request(
         )
 
         async with AsyncWebCrawler(config=browser_config) as crawler:
-            results = await crawler.arun_many(
-                urls=urls,
-                config=crawler_config,
-                dispatcher=dispatcher
-            )
-            
+            results = []
+            func = getattr(crawler, "arun" if len(urls) == 1 else "arun_many")
+            partial_func = partial(func, 
+                                   urls[0] if len(urls) == 1 else urls, 
+                                   config=crawler_config, 
+                                   dispatcher=dispatcher)
+            results = await partial_func()
             return {
                 "success": True,
                 "results": [result.model_dump() for result in results]

docs/examples/README_BUILTIN_BROWSER.md

@@ -0,0 +1,123 @@
+# Builtin Browser in Crawl4AI
+
+This document explains the builtin browser feature in Crawl4AI and how to use it effectively.
+
+## What is the Builtin Browser?
+
+The builtin browser is a persistent Chrome instance that Crawl4AI manages for you. It runs in the background and can be used by multiple crawling operations, eliminating the need to start and stop browsers for each crawl.
+
+Benefits include:
+- **Faster startup times** - The browser is already running, so your scripts start faster
+- **Shared resources** - All your crawling scripts can use the same browser instance
+- **Simplified management** - No need to worry about CDP URLs or browser processes
+- **Persistent cookies and sessions** - Browser state persists between script runs
+- **Less resource usage** - Only one browser instance for multiple scripts
+
+## Using the Builtin Browser
+
+### In Python Code
+
+Using the builtin browser in your code is simple:
+
+```python
+from crawl4ai import AsyncWebCrawler, BrowserConfig, CrawlerRunConfig
+
+# Create browser config with builtin mode
+browser_config = BrowserConfig(
+    browser_mode="builtin",  # This is the key setting!
+    headless=True            # Can be headless or not
+)
+
+# Create the crawler
+crawler = AsyncWebCrawler(config=browser_config)
+
+# Use it - no need to explicitly start()
+result = await crawler.arun("https://example.com")
+```
+
+Key points:
+1. Set `browser_mode="builtin"` in your BrowserConfig
+2. No need for explicit `start()` call - the crawler will automatically connect to the builtin browser
+3. No need to use a context manager or call `close()` - the browser stays running
+
+### Via CLI
+
+The CLI provides commands to manage the builtin browser:
+
+```bash
+# Start the builtin browser
+crwl browser start
+
+# Check its status
+crwl browser status
+
+# Open a visible window to see what the browser is doing
+crwl browser view --url https://example.com
+
+# Stop it when no longer needed
+crwl browser stop
+
+# Restart with different settings
+crwl browser restart --no-headless
+```
+
+When crawling via CLI, simply add the builtin browser mode:
+
+```bash
+crwl https://example.com -b "browser_mode=builtin"
+```
+
+## How It Works
+
+1. When a crawler with `browser_mode="builtin"` is created:
+   - It checks if a builtin browser is already running
+   - If not, it automatically launches one
+   - It connects to the browser via CDP (Chrome DevTools Protocol)
+
+2. The browser process continues running after your script exits
+   - This means it's ready for the next crawl
+   - You can manage it via the CLI commands
+
+3. During installation, Crawl4AI attempts to create a builtin browser automatically
+
+## Example
+
+See the [builtin_browser_example.py](builtin_browser_example.py) file for a complete example.
+
+Run it with:
+
+```bash
+python builtin_browser_example.py
+```
+
+## When to Use
+
+The builtin browser is ideal for:
+- Scripts that run frequently
+- Development and testing workflows
+- Applications that need to minimize startup time
+- Systems where you want to manage browser instances centrally
+
+You might not want to use it when:
+- Running one-off scripts
+- When you need different browser configurations for different tasks
+- In environments where persistent processes are not allowed
+
+## Troubleshooting
+
+If you encounter issues:
+
+1. Check the browser status:
+   ```
+   crwl browser status
+   ```
+
+2. Try restarting it:
+   ```
+   crwl browser restart
+   ```
+
+3. If problems persist, stop it and let Crawl4AI start a fresh one:
+   ```
+   crwl browser stop
+   ```

docs/examples/arun_vs_arun_many.py

@@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
+import asyncio
+import time
+from crawl4ai.async_webcrawler import AsyncWebCrawler, CacheMode
+from crawl4ai.async_configs import CrawlerRunConfig
+from crawl4ai.async_dispatcher import MemoryAdaptiveDispatcher, RateLimiter
+
+VERBOSE = False
+
+async def crawl_sequential(urls):
+    config = CrawlerRunConfig(cache_mode=CacheMode.BYPASS, verbose=VERBOSE)
+    results = []
+    start_time = time.perf_counter()
+    async with AsyncWebCrawler() as crawler:
+        for url in urls:
+            result_container = await crawler.arun(url=url, config=config)
+            results.append(result_container[0])
+    total_time = time.perf_counter() - start_time
+    return total_time, results
+
+async def crawl_parallel_dispatcher(urls):
+    config = CrawlerRunConfig(cache_mode=CacheMode.BYPASS, verbose=VERBOSE)
+    # Dispatcher with rate limiter enabled (default behavior)
+    dispatcher = MemoryAdaptiveDispatcher(
+        rate_limiter=RateLimiter(base_delay=(1.0, 3.0), max_delay=60.0, max_retries=3),
+        max_session_permit=50,
+    )
+    start_time = time.perf_counter()
+    async with AsyncWebCrawler() as crawler:
+        result_container = await crawler.arun_many(urls=urls, config=config, dispatcher=dispatcher)
+        results = []
+        if isinstance(result_container, list):
+            results = result_container
+        else:
+            async for res in result_container:
+                results.append(res)
+    total_time = time.perf_counter() - start_time
+    return total_time, results
+
+async def crawl_parallel_no_rate_limit(urls):
+    config = CrawlerRunConfig(cache_mode=CacheMode.BYPASS, verbose=VERBOSE)
+    # Dispatcher with no rate limiter and a high session permit to avoid queuing
+    dispatcher = MemoryAdaptiveDispatcher(
+        rate_limiter=None,
+        max_session_permit=len(urls)  # allow all URLs concurrently
+    )
+    start_time = time.perf_counter()
+    async with AsyncWebCrawler() as crawler:
+        result_container = await crawler.arun_many(urls=urls, config=config, dispatcher=dispatcher)
+        results = []
+        if isinstance(result_container, list):
+            results = result_container
+        else:
+            async for res in result_container:
+                results.append(res)
+    total_time = time.perf_counter() - start_time
+    return total_time, results
+
+async def main():
+    urls = ["https://example.com"] * 100
+    print(f"Crawling {len(urls)} URLs sequentially...")
+    seq_time, seq_results = await crawl_sequential(urls)
+    print(f"Sequential crawling took: {seq_time:.2f} seconds\n")
+    
+    print(f"Crawling {len(urls)} URLs in parallel using arun_many with dispatcher (with rate limit)...")
+    disp_time, disp_results = await crawl_parallel_dispatcher(urls)
+    print(f"Parallel (dispatcher with rate limiter) took: {disp_time:.2f} seconds\n")
+       
+    print(f"Crawling {len(urls)} URLs in parallel using dispatcher with no rate limiter...")
+    no_rl_time, no_rl_results = await crawl_parallel_no_rate_limit(urls)
+    print(f"Parallel (dispatcher without rate limiter) took: {no_rl_time:.2f} seconds\n")
+    
+    print("Crawl4ai - Crawling Comparison")
+    print("--------------------------------------------------------")
+    print(f"Sequential crawling took: {seq_time:.2f} seconds")
+    print(f"Parallel (dispatcher with rate limiter) took: {disp_time:.2f} seconds")
+    print(f"Parallel (dispatcher without rate limiter) took: {no_rl_time:.2f} seconds")
+    
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    asyncio.run(main())

docs/examples/builtin_browser_example.py

@@ -0,0 +1,86 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python3
+"""
+Builtin Browser Example
+
+This example demonstrates how to use Crawl4AI's builtin browser feature,
+which simplifies the browser management process. With builtin mode:
+
+- No need to manually start or connect to a browser
+- No need to manage CDP URLs or browser processes
+- Automatically connects to an existing browser or launches one if needed
+- Browser persists between script runs, reducing startup time
+- No explicit cleanup or close() calls needed
+
+The example also demonstrates "auto-starting" where you don't need to explicitly
+call start() method on the crawler.
+"""
+
+import asyncio
+from crawl4ai import AsyncWebCrawler, BrowserConfig, CrawlerRunConfig, CacheMode
+import time
+
+async def crawl_with_builtin_browser():
+    """
+    Simple example of crawling with the builtin browser.
+    
+    Key features:
+    1. browser_mode="builtin" in BrowserConfig
+    2. No explicit start() call needed
+    3. No explicit close() needed
+    """
+    print("\n=== Crawl4AI Builtin Browser Example ===\n")
+    
+    # Create a browser configuration with builtin mode
+    browser_config = BrowserConfig(
+        browser_mode="builtin",  # This is the key setting!
+        headless=True            # Can run headless for background operation
+    )
+    
+    # Create crawler run configuration
+    crawler_config = CrawlerRunConfig(
+        cache_mode=CacheMode.BYPASS,  # Skip cache for this demo
+        screenshot=True,              # Take a screenshot
+        verbose=True                  # Show verbose logging
+    )
+    
+    # Create the crawler instance
+    # Note: We don't need to use "async with" context manager
+    crawler = AsyncWebCrawler(config=browser_config)
+    
+    # Start crawling several URLs - no explicit start() needed!
+    # The crawler will automatically connect to the builtin browser
+    print("\n➡️ Crawling first URL...")
+    t0 = time.time()
+    result1 = await crawler.arun(
+        url="https://crawl4ai.com",
+        config=crawler_config
+    )
+    t1 = time.time()
+    print(f"✅ First URL crawled in {t1-t0:.2f} seconds")
+    print(f"   Got {len(result1.markdown.raw_markdown)} characters of content")
+    print(f"   Title: {result1.metadata.get('title', 'No title')}")
+    
+    # Try another URL - the browser is already running, so this should be faster
+    print("\n➡️ Crawling second URL...")
+    t0 = time.time()
+    result2 = await crawler.arun(
+        url="https://example.com",
+        config=crawler_config
+    )
+    t1 = time.time()
+    print(f"✅ Second URL crawled in {t1-t0:.2f} seconds")
+    print(f"   Got {len(result2.markdown.raw_markdown)} characters of content")
+    print(f"   Title: {result2.metadata.get('title', 'No title')}")
+    
+    # The builtin browser continues running in the background
+    # No need to explicitly close it
+    print("\n🔄 The builtin browser remains running for future use")
+    print("   You can use 'crwl browser status' to check its status")
+    print("   or 'crwl browser stop' to stop it when completely done")
+
+async def main():
+    """Run the example"""
+    await crawl_with_builtin_browser()
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    asyncio.run(main())

docs/examples/crawler_monitor_example.py

@@ -0,0 +1,209 @@
+"""
+CrawlerMonitor Example
+
+This example demonstrates how to use the CrawlerMonitor component 
+to visualize and track web crawler operations in real-time.
+"""
+
+import time
+import uuid
+import random
+import threading
+from crawl4ai.components.crawler_monitor import CrawlerMonitor
+from crawl4ai.models import CrawlStatus
+
+def simulate_webcrawler_operations(monitor, num_tasks=20):
+    """
+    Simulates a web crawler's operations with multiple tasks and different states.
+    
+    Args:
+        monitor: The CrawlerMonitor instance
+        num_tasks: Number of tasks to simulate
+    """
+    print(f"Starting simulation with {num_tasks} tasks...")
+    
+    # Create and register all tasks first
+    task_ids = []
+    for i in range(num_tasks):
+        task_id = str(uuid.uuid4())
+        url = f"https://example.com/page{i}"
+        monitor.add_task(task_id, url)
+        task_ids.append((task_id, url))
+        
+        # Small delay between task creation
+        time.sleep(0.2)
+    
+    # Process tasks with a variety of different behaviors
+    threads = []
+    for i, (task_id, url) in enumerate(task_ids):
+        # Create a thread for each task
+        thread = threading.Thread(
+            target=process_task,
+            args=(monitor, task_id, url, i)
+        )
+        thread.daemon = True
+        threads.append(thread)
+    
+    # Start threads in batches to simulate concurrent processing
+    batch_size = 4  # Process 4 tasks at a time
+    for i in range(0, len(threads), batch_size):
+        batch = threads[i:i+batch_size]
+        for thread in batch:
+            thread.start()
+            time.sleep(0.5)  # Stagger thread start times
+        
+        # Wait a bit before starting next batch
+        time.sleep(random.uniform(1.0, 3.0))
+        
+        # Update queue statistics
+        update_queue_stats(monitor)
+        
+        # Simulate memory pressure changes
+        active_threads = [t for t in threads if t.is_alive()]
+        if len(active_threads) > 8:
+            monitor.update_memory_status("CRITICAL")
+        elif len(active_threads) > 4:
+            monitor.update_memory_status("PRESSURE")
+        else:
+            monitor.update_memory_status("NORMAL")
+    
+    # Wait for all threads to complete
+    for thread in threads:
+        thread.join()
+    
+    # Final updates
+    update_queue_stats(monitor)
+    monitor.update_memory_status("NORMAL")
+    
+    print("Simulation completed!")
+    
+def process_task(monitor, task_id, url, index):
+    """Simulate processing of a single task."""
+    # Tasks start in queued state (already added)
+    
+    # Simulate waiting in queue
+    wait_time = random.uniform(0.5, 3.0)
+    time.sleep(wait_time)
+    
+    # Start processing - move to IN_PROGRESS
+    monitor.update_task(
+        task_id=task_id,
+        status=CrawlStatus.IN_PROGRESS,
+        start_time=time.time(),
+        wait_time=wait_time
+    )
+    
+    # Simulate task processing with memory usage changes
+    total_process_time = random.uniform(2.0, 10.0)
+    step_time = total_process_time / 5  # Update in 5 steps
+    
+    for step in range(5):
+        # Simulate increasing then decreasing memory usage
+        if step < 3:  # First 3 steps - increasing
+            memory_usage = random.uniform(5.0, 20.0) * (step + 1)
+        else:  # Last 2 steps - decreasing
+            memory_usage = random.uniform(5.0, 20.0) * (5 - step)
+            
+        # Update peak memory if this is higher
+        peak = max(memory_usage, monitor.get_task_stats(task_id).get("peak_memory", 0))
+        
+        monitor.update_task(
+            task_id=task_id,
+            memory_usage=memory_usage,
+            peak_memory=peak
+        )
+        
+        time.sleep(step_time)
+    
+    # Determine final state - 80% success, 20% failure
+    if index % 5 == 0:  # Every 5th task fails
+        monitor.update_task(
+            task_id=task_id,
+            status=CrawlStatus.FAILED,
+            end_time=time.time(),
+            memory_usage=0.0,
+            error_message="Connection timeout"
+        )
+    else:
+        monitor.update_task(
+            task_id=task_id,
+            status=CrawlStatus.COMPLETED,
+            end_time=time.time(),
+            memory_usage=0.0
+        )
+
+def update_queue_stats(monitor):
+    """Update queue statistics based on current tasks."""
+    task_stats = monitor.get_all_task_stats()
+    
+    # Count queued tasks
+    queued_tasks = [
+        stats for stats in task_stats.values() 
+        if stats["status"] == CrawlStatus.QUEUED.name
+    ]
+    
+    total_queued = len(queued_tasks)
+    
+    if total_queued > 0:
+        current_time = time.time()
+        # Calculate wait times
+        wait_times = [
+            current_time - stats.get("enqueue_time", current_time)
+            for stats in queued_tasks
+        ]
+        highest_wait_time = max(wait_times) if wait_times else 0.0
+        avg_wait_time = sum(wait_times) / len(wait_times) if wait_times else 0.0
+    else:
+        highest_wait_time = 0.0
+        avg_wait_time = 0.0
+    
+    # Update monitor
+    monitor.update_queue_statistics(
+        total_queued=total_queued,
+        highest_wait_time=highest_wait_time,
+        avg_wait_time=avg_wait_time
+    )
+
+def main():
+    # Initialize the monitor
+    monitor = CrawlerMonitor(
+        urls_total=20,  # Total URLs to process
+        refresh_rate=0.5,  # Update UI twice per second
+        enable_ui=True,    # Enable terminal UI
+        max_width=120     # Set maximum width to 120 characters
+    )
+    
+    # Start the monitor
+    monitor.start()
+    
+    try:
+        # Run simulation
+        simulate_webcrawler_operations(monitor)
+        
+        # Keep monitor running a bit to see final state
+        print("Waiting to view final state...")
+        time.sleep(5)
+        
+    except KeyboardInterrupt:
+        print("\nExample interrupted by user")
+    finally:
+        # Stop the monitor
+        monitor.stop()
+        print("Example completed!")
+        
+        # Print some statistics
+        summary = monitor.get_summary()
+        print("\nCrawler Statistics Summary:")
+        print(f"Total URLs: {summary['urls_total']}")
+        print(f"Completed: {summary['urls_completed']}")
+        print(f"Completion percentage: {summary['completion_percentage']:.1f}%")
+        print(f"Peak memory usage: {summary['peak_memory_percent']:.1f}%")
+        
+        # Print task status counts
+        status_counts = summary['status_counts']
+        print("\nTask Status Counts:")
+        for status, count in status_counts.items():
+            print(f"  {status}: {count}")
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    main()

docs/examples/crypto_analysis_example.py

@@ -0,0 +1,443 @@
+"""
+Crawl4AI Crypto Trading Analysis Demo
+Author: Unclecode
+Date: 2024-03-15
+
+This script demonstrates advanced crypto market analysis using:
+1. Web scraping of real-time CoinMarketCap data
+2. Smart table extraction with layout detection
+3. Hedge fund-grade financial metrics
+4. Interactive visualizations for trading signals
+
+Key Features:
+- Volume Anomaly Detection: Finds unusual trading activity
+- Liquidity Power Score: Identifies easily tradable assets
+- Volatility-Weighted Momentum: Surface sustainable trends
+- Smart Money Signals: Algorithmic buy/hold recommendations
+"""
+
+import asyncio
+import pandas as pd
+import numpy as np
+import re
+import plotly.express as px
+from crawl4ai import (
+    AsyncWebCrawler,
+    BrowserConfig,
+    CrawlerRunConfig,
+    CacheMode,
+    LXMLWebScrapingStrategy,
+)
+from crawl4ai import CrawlResult
+from typing import List
+
+__current_dir__ = __file__.rsplit("/", 1)[0]
+
+class CryptoAlphaGenerator:
+    """
+    Advanced crypto analysis engine that transforms raw web data into:
+    - Volume anomaly flags
+    - Liquidity scores
+    - Momentum-risk ratios
+    - Machine learning-inspired trading signals
+
+    Methods:
+    analyze_tables(): Process raw tables into trading insights
+    create_visuals(): Generate institutional-grade visualizations
+    generate_insights(): Create plain English trading recommendations
+    """
+
+    def clean_data(self, df: pd.DataFrame) -> pd.DataFrame:
+        """
+        Convert crypto market data to machine-readable format.
+        Handles currency symbols, units (B=Billions), and percentage values.
+        """
+        # Make a copy to avoid SettingWithCopyWarning
+        df = df.copy()
+        
+        # Clean Price column (handle currency symbols)
+        df["Price"] = df["Price"].astype(str).str.replace("[^\d.]", "", regex=True).astype(float)
+        
+        # Handle Market Cap and Volume, considering both Billions and Trillions
+        def convert_large_numbers(value):
+            if pd.isna(value):
+                return float('nan')
+            value = str(value)
+            multiplier = 1
+            if 'B' in value:
+                multiplier = 1e9
+            elif 'T' in value:
+                multiplier = 1e12
+            # Handle cases where the value might already be numeric
+            cleaned_value = re.sub(r"[^\d.]", "", value)
+            return float(cleaned_value) * multiplier if cleaned_value else float('nan')
+        
+        df["Market Cap"] = df["Market Cap"].apply(convert_large_numbers)
+        df["Volume(24h)"] = df["Volume(24h)"].apply(convert_large_numbers)
+        
+        # Convert percentages to decimal values
+        for col in ["1h %", "24h %", "7d %"]:
+            if col in df.columns:
+                # First ensure it's string, then clean
+                df[col] = (
+                    df[col].astype(str)
+                    .str.replace("%", "")
+                    .str.replace(",", ".")
+                    .replace("nan", np.nan)
+                )
+                df[col] = pd.to_numeric(df[col], errors='coerce') / 100
+        
+        return df
+
+    def calculate_metrics(self, df: pd.DataFrame) -> pd.DataFrame:
+        """
+        Compute advanced trading metrics used by quantitative funds:
+
+        1. Volume/Market Cap Ratio - Measures liquidity efficiency
+           (High ratio = Underestimated attention, and small-cap = higher growth potential)
+
+        2. Volatility Score - Risk-adjusted momentum potential - Shows how stable is the trend
+           (STD of 1h/24h/7d returns)
+
+        3. Momentum Score - Weighted average of returns - Shows how strong is the trend
+           (1h:30% + 24h:50% + 7d:20%)
+
+        4. Volume Anomaly - 3σ deviation detection
+           (Flags potential insider activity) - Unusual trading activity – Flags coins with volume spikes (potential insider buying or news).
+        """
+        # Liquidity Metrics
+        df["Volume/Market Cap Ratio"] = df["Volume(24h)"] / df["Market Cap"]
+
+        # Risk Metrics
+        df["Volatility Score"] = df[["1h %", "24h %", "7d %"]].std(axis=1)
+
+        # Momentum Metrics
+        df["Momentum Score"] = df["1h %"] * 0.3 + df["24h %"] * 0.5 + df["7d %"] * 0.2
+
+        # Anomaly Detection
+        median_vol = df["Volume(24h)"].median()
+        df["Volume Anomaly"] = df["Volume(24h)"] > 3 * median_vol
+
+        # Value Flags
+        # Undervalued Flag - Low market cap and high momentum
+        # (High growth potential and low attention)
+        df["Undervalued Flag"] = (df["Market Cap"] < 1e9) & (
+            df["Momentum Score"] > 0.05
+        )
+        # Liquid Giant Flag - High volume/market cap ratio and large market cap
+        # (High liquidity and large market cap = institutional interest)
+        df["Liquid Giant"] = (df["Volume/Market Cap Ratio"] > 0.15) & (
+            df["Market Cap"] > 1e9
+        )
+
+        return df
+
+    def generate_insights_simple(self, df: pd.DataFrame) -> str:
+        """
+        Generates an ultra-actionable crypto trading report with:
+        - Risk-tiered opportunities (High/Medium/Low)
+        - Concrete examples for each trade type
+        - Entry/exit strategies spelled out
+        - Visual cues for quick scanning
+        """
+        report = [
+            "🚀 **CRYPTO TRADING CHEAT SHEET** 🚀",
+            "*Based on quantitative signals + hedge fund tactics*",
+            "━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━"
+        ]
+
+        # 1. HIGH-RISK: Undervalued Small-Caps (Momentum Plays)
+        high_risk = df[df["Undervalued Flag"]].sort_values("Momentum Score", ascending=False)
+        if not high_risk.empty:
+            example_coin = high_risk.iloc[0]
+            report.extend([
+                "\n🔥 **HIGH-RISK: Rocket Fuel Small-Caps**",
+                f"*Example Trade:* {example_coin['Name']} (Price: ${example_coin['Price']:.6f})",
+                "📊 *Why?* Tiny market cap (<$1B) but STRONG momentum (+{:.0f}% last week)".format(example_coin['7d %']*100),
+                "🎯 *Strategy:*",
+                "1. Wait for 5-10% dip from recent high (${:.6f} → Buy under ${:.6f})".format(
+                    example_coin['Price'] / (1 - example_coin['24h %']),  # Approx recent high
+                    example_coin['Price'] * 0.95
+                ),
+                "2. Set stop-loss at -10% (${:.6f})".format(example_coin['Price'] * 0.90),
+                "3. Take profit at +20% (${:.6f})".format(example_coin['Price'] * 1.20),
+                "⚠️ *Risk Warning:* These can drop 30% fast! Never bet more than 5% of your portfolio.",
+                "━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━"
+            ])
+
+        # 2. MEDIUM-RISK: Liquid Giants (Swing Trades)
+        medium_risk = df[df["Liquid Giant"]].sort_values("Volume/Market Cap Ratio", ascending=False)
+        if not medium_risk.empty:
+            example_coin = medium_risk.iloc[0]
+            report.extend([
+                "\n💎 **MEDIUM-RISK: Liquid Giants (Safe Swing Trades)**",
+                f"*Example Trade:* {example_coin['Name']} (Market Cap: ${example_coin['Market Cap']/1e9:.1f}B)",
+                "📊 *Why?* Huge volume (${:.1f}M/day) makes it easy to enter/exit".format(example_coin['Volume(24h)']/1e6),
+                "🎯 *Strategy:*",
+                "1. Buy when 24h volume > 15% of market cap (Current: {:.0f}%)".format(example_coin['Volume/Market Cap Ratio']*100),
+                "2. Hold 1-4 weeks (Big coins trend longer)",
+                "3. Exit when momentum drops below 5% (Current: {:.0f}%)".format(example_coin['Momentum Score']*100),
+                "📉 *Pro Tip:* Watch Bitcoin's trend - if BTC drops 5%, these usually follow.",
+                "━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━"
+            ])
+
+        # 3. LOW-RISK: Stable Momentum (DCA Targets)
+        low_risk = df[
+            (df["Momentum Score"] > 0.05) & 
+            (df["Volatility Score"] < 0.03)
+        ].sort_values("Market Cap", ascending=False)
+        if not low_risk.empty:
+            example_coin = low_risk.iloc[0]
+            report.extend([
+                "\n🛡️ **LOW-RISK: Steady Climbers (DCA & Forget)**",
+                f"*Example Trade:* {example_coin['Name']} (Volatility: {example_coin['Volatility Score']:.2f}/5)",
+                "📊 *Why?* Rises steadily (+{:.0f}%/week) with LOW drama".format(example_coin['7d %']*100),
+                "🎯 *Strategy:*",
+                "1. Buy small amounts every Tuesday/Friday (DCA)",
+                "2. Hold for 3+ months (Compound gains work best here)",
+                "3. Sell 10% at every +25% milestone",
+                "💰 *Best For:* Long-term investors who hate sleepless nights",
+                "━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━"
+            ])
+
+        # Volume Spike Alerts
+        anomalies = df[df["Volume Anomaly"]].sort_values("Volume(24h)", ascending=False)
+        if not anomalies.empty:
+            example_coin = anomalies.iloc[0]
+            report.extend([
+                "\n🚨 **Volume Spike Alert (Possible News/Whale Action)**",
+                f"*Coin:* {example_coin['Name']} (Volume: ${example_coin['Volume(24h)']/1e6:.1f}M, usual: ${example_coin['Volume(24h)']/3/1e6:.1f}M)",
+                "🔍 *Check:* Twitter/CoinGecko for news before trading",
+                "⚡ *If no news:* Could be insider buying - watch price action:",
+                "- Break above today's high → Buy with tight stop-loss",
+                "- Fade back down → Avoid (may be a fakeout)"
+            ])
+
+        # Pro Tip Footer
+        report.append("\n✨ *Pro Tip:* Bookmark this report & check back in 24h to see if signals held up.")
+
+        return "\n".join(report)
+
+    def generate_insights(self, df: pd.DataFrame) -> str:
+        """
+        Generates a tactical trading report with:
+        - Top 3 trades per risk level (High/Medium/Low)
+        - Auto-calculated entry/exit prices
+        - BTC chart toggle tip
+        """
+        # Filter top candidates for each risk level
+        high_risk = (
+            df[df["Undervalued Flag"]]
+            .sort_values("Momentum Score", ascending=False)
+            .head(3)
+        )
+        medium_risk = (
+            df[df["Liquid Giant"]]
+            .sort_values("Volume/Market Cap Ratio", ascending=False)
+            .head(3)
+        )
+        low_risk = (
+            df[(df["Momentum Score"] > 0.05) & (df["Volatility Score"] < 0.03)]
+            .sort_values("Momentum Score", ascending=False)
+            .head(3)
+        )
+
+        report = ["# 🎯 Crypto Trading Tactical Report (Top 3 Per Risk Tier)"]
+        
+        # 1. High-Risk Trades (Small-Cap Momentum)
+        if not high_risk.empty:
+            report.append("\n## 🔥 HIGH RISK: Small-Cap Rockets (5-50% Potential)")
+            for i, coin in high_risk.iterrows():
+                current_price = coin["Price"]
+                entry = current_price * 0.95  # -5% dip
+                stop_loss = current_price * 0.90  # -10%
+                take_profit = current_price * 1.20  # +20%
+                
+                report.append(
+                    f"\n### {coin['Name']} (Momentum: {coin['Momentum Score']:.1%})"
+                    f"\n- **Current Price:** ${current_price:.4f}"
+                    f"\n- **Entry:** < ${entry:.4f} (Wait for pullback)"
+                    f"\n- **Stop-Loss:** ${stop_loss:.4f} (-10%)"
+                    f"\n- **Target:** ${take_profit:.4f} (+20%)"
+                    f"\n- **Risk/Reward:** 1:2"
+                    f"\n- **Watch:** Volume spikes above {coin['Volume(24h)']/1e6:.1f}M"
+                )
+
+        # 2. Medium-Risk Trades (Liquid Giants)
+        if not medium_risk.empty:
+            report.append("\n## 💎 MEDIUM RISK: Liquid Swing Trades (10-30% Potential)")
+            for i, coin in medium_risk.iterrows():
+                current_price = coin["Price"]
+                entry = current_price * 0.98  # -2% dip
+                stop_loss = current_price * 0.94  # -6%
+                take_profit = current_price * 1.15  # +15%
+                
+                report.append(
+                    f"\n### {coin['Name']} (Liquidity Score: {coin['Volume/Market Cap Ratio']:.1%})"
+                    f"\n- **Current Price:** ${current_price:.2f}"
+                    f"\n- **Entry:** < ${entry:.2f} (Buy slight dips)"
+                    f"\n- **Stop-Loss:** ${stop_loss:.2f} (-6%)"
+                    f"\n- **Target:** ${take_profit:.2f} (+15%)"
+                    f"\n- **Hold Time:** 1-3 weeks"
+                    f"\n- **Key Metric:** Volume/Cap > 15%"
+                )
+
+        # 3. Low-Risk Trades (Stable Momentum)
+        if not low_risk.empty:
+            report.append("\n## 🛡️ LOW RISK: Steady Gainers (5-15% Potential)")
+            for i, coin in low_risk.iterrows():
+                current_price = coin["Price"]
+                entry = current_price * 0.99  # -1% dip
+                stop_loss = current_price * 0.97  # -3%
+                take_profit = current_price * 1.10  # +10%
+                
+                report.append(
+                    f"\n### {coin['Name']} (Stability Score: {1/coin['Volatility Score']:.1f}x)"
+                    f"\n- **Current Price:** ${current_price:.2f}"
+                    f"\n- **Entry:** < ${entry:.2f} (Safe zone)"
+                    f"\n- **Stop-Loss:** ${stop_loss:.2f} (-3%)"
+                    f"\n- **Target:** ${take_profit:.2f} (+10%)"
+                    f"\n- **DCA Suggestion:** 3 buys over 72 hours"
+                )
+
+        # Volume Anomaly Alert
+        anomalies = df[df["Volume Anomaly"]].sort_values("Volume(24h)", ascending=False).head(2)
+        if not anomalies.empty:
+            report.append("\n⚠️ **Volume Spike Alerts**")
+            for i, coin in anomalies.iterrows():
+                report.append(
+                    f"- {coin['Name']}: Volume {coin['Volume(24h)']/1e6:.1f}M "
+                    f"(3x normal) | Price moved: {coin['24h %']:.1%}"
+                )
+
+        # Pro Tip
+        report.append(
+            "\n📊 **Chart Hack:** Hide BTC in visuals:\n"
+            "```python\n"
+            "# For 3D Map:\n"
+            "fig.update_traces(visible=False, selector={'name':'Bitcoin'})\n"
+            "# For Treemap:\n"
+            "df = df[df['Name'] != 'Bitcoin']\n"
+            "```"
+        )
+
+        return "\n".join(report)
+
+    def create_visuals(self, df: pd.DataFrame) -> dict:
+        """Enhanced visuals with BTC toggle support"""
+        # 3D Market Map (with BTC toggle hint)
+        fig1 = px.scatter_3d(
+            df,
+            x="Market Cap",
+            y="Volume/Market Cap Ratio",
+            z="Momentum Score",
+            color="Name",  # Color by name to allow toggling
+            hover_name="Name",
+            title="Market Map (Toggle BTC in legend to focus on alts)",
+            log_x=True
+        )
+        fig1.update_traces(
+            marker=dict(size=df["Volatility Score"]*100 + 5)  # Dynamic sizing
+        )
+        
+        # Liquidity Tree (exclude BTC if too dominant)
+        if df[df["Name"] == "BitcoinBTC"]["Market Cap"].values[0] > df["Market Cap"].median() * 10:
+            df = df[df["Name"] != "BitcoinBTC"]
+        
+        fig2 = px.treemap(
+            df,
+            path=["Name"],
+            values="Market Cap",
+            color="Volume/Market Cap Ratio",
+            title="Liquidity Tree (BTC auto-removed if dominant)"
+        )
+        
+        return {"market_map": fig1, "liquidity_tree": fig2}
+
+async def main():
+    """
+    Main execution flow:
+    1. Configure headless browser for scraping
+    2. Extract live crypto market data
+    3. Clean and analyze using hedge fund models
+    4. Generate visualizations and insights
+    5. Output professional trading report
+    """
+    # Configure browser with anti-detection features
+    browser_config = BrowserConfig(
+        headless=False,
+    )
+
+    # Initialize crawler with smart table detection
+    crawler = AsyncWebCrawler(config=browser_config)
+    await crawler.start()
+
+    try:
+        # Set up scraping parameters
+        crawl_config = CrawlerRunConfig(
+            cache_mode=CacheMode.BYPASS,
+            table_score_threshold=8,  # Strict table detection
+            keep_data_attributes=True,
+            scraping_strategy=LXMLWebScrapingStrategy(),
+            scan_full_page=True,
+            scroll_delay=0.2,
+        )
+
+        # # Execute market data extraction
+        # results: List[CrawlResult] = await crawler.arun(
+        #     url="https://coinmarketcap.com/?page=1", config=crawl_config
+        # )
+
+        # # Process results
+        # raw_df = pd.DataFrame()
+        # for result in results:
+        #     if result.success and result.media["tables"]:
+        #         # Extract primary market table
+        #         # DataFrame
+        #         raw_df = pd.DataFrame(
+        #             result.media["tables"][0]["rows"],
+        #             columns=result.media["tables"][0]["headers"],
+        #         )
+        #         break
+
+
+        # This is for debugging only
+        # ////// Remove this in production from here..
+        # Save raw data for debugging
+        # raw_df.to_csv(f"{__current_dir__}/tmp/raw_crypto_data.csv", index=False)
+        # print("🔍 Raw data saved to 'raw_crypto_data.csv'")
+
+        # Read from file for debugging
+        raw_df = pd.read_csv(f"{__current_dir__}/tmp/raw_crypto_data.csv")
+        # ////// ..to here
+
+        # Select top 20
+        raw_df = raw_df.head(50)
+        # Remove "Buy" from name
+        raw_df["Name"] = raw_df["Name"].str.replace("Buy", "")
+
+        # Initialize analysis engine
+        analyzer = CryptoAlphaGenerator()
+        clean_df = analyzer.clean_data(raw_df)
+        analyzed_df = analyzer.calculate_metrics(clean_df)
+
+        # Generate outputs
+        visuals = analyzer.create_visuals(analyzed_df)
+        insights = analyzer.generate_insights(analyzed_df)
+
+        # Save visualizations
+        visuals["market_map"].write_html(f"{__current_dir__}/tmp/market_map.html")
+        visuals["liquidity_tree"].write_html(f"{__current_dir__}/tmp/liquidity_tree.html")
+
+        # Display results
+        print("🔑 Key Trading Insights:")
+        print(insights)
+        print("\n📊 Open 'market_map.html' for interactive analysis")
+        print("\n📊 Open 'liquidity_tree.html' for interactive analysis")
+
+    finally:
+        await crawler.close()
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    asyncio.run(main())

docs/examples/dispatcher_example.py

@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ async def memory_adaptive_with_rate_limit(urls, browser_config, run_config):
     start = time.perf_counter()
     async with AsyncWebCrawler(config=browser_config) as crawler:
         dispatcher = MemoryAdaptiveDispatcher(
-            memory_threshold_percent=70.0,
+            memory_threshold_percent=95.0,
             max_session_permit=10,
             rate_limiter=RateLimiter(
                 base_delay=(1.0, 2.0), max_delay=30.0, max_retries=2

docs/examples/docker_python_rest_api.py

@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ async def test_stream_crawl(session, token: str):
             # "https://news.ycombinator.com/news"
         ],
         "browser_config": {"headless": True, "viewport": {"width": 1200}},
-        "crawler_config": {"stream": True, "cache_mode": "aggressive"}
+        "crawler_config": {"stream": True, "cache_mode": "bypass"}
     }
     headers = {"Authorization": f"Bearer {token}"}
     print(f"\nTesting Streaming Crawl: {url}")

docs/examples/extraction_strategies_examples.py

@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ import asyncio
 import os
 
 from crawl4ai import AsyncWebCrawler, BrowserConfig, CrawlerRunConfig, CacheMode
-from crawl4ai.types import LLMConfig
+from crawl4ai import LLMConfig
 from crawl4ai.extraction_strategy import (
     LLMExtractionStrategy,
     JsonCssExtractionStrategy,

docs/examples/hello_world.py

@@ -9,6 +9,26 @@ from crawl4ai import (
     CrawlResult
 )
 
+async def example_cdp():
+    browser_conf = BrowserConfig(
+        headless=False,
+        cdp_url="http://localhost:9223"
+    )
+    crawler_config = CrawlerRunConfig(
+        session_id="test",
+        js_code = """(() => { return {"result": "Hello World!"} })()""",
+        js_only=True
+    )
+    async with AsyncWebCrawler(
+        config=browser_conf,
+        verbose=True,
+    ) as crawler:
+        result : CrawlResult = await crawler.arun(
+            url="https://www.helloworld.org",
+            config=crawler_config,
+        )
+        print(result.js_execution_result)
+                   
 
 async def main():
     browser_config = BrowserConfig(headless=True, verbose=True)
@@ -16,18 +36,15 @@ async def main():
         crawler_config = CrawlerRunConfig(
             cache_mode=CacheMode.BYPASS,
             markdown_generator=DefaultMarkdownGenerator(
-                # content_filter=PruningContentFilter(
-                #     threshold=0.48, threshold_type="fixed", min_word_threshold=0
-                # )
+                content_filter=PruningContentFilter(
+                     threshold=0.48, threshold_type="fixed", min_word_threshold=0
+                )
             ),
         )
         result : CrawlResult = await crawler.arun(
-            # url="https://www.helloworld.org", config=crawler_config
-            url="https://www.kidocode.com", config=crawler_config
+            url="https://www.helloworld.org", config=crawler_config
         )
         print(result.markdown.raw_markdown[:500])
-        # print(result.model_dump())
-
 
 if __name__ == "__main__":
     asyncio.run(main())

docs/examples/llm_extraction_openai_pricing.py

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-from crawl4ai.types import LLMConfig
+from crawl4ai import LLMConfig
 from crawl4ai import AsyncWebCrawler, LLMExtractionStrategy
 import asyncio
 import os

docs/examples/llm_markdown_generator.py

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 import os
 import asyncio
 from crawl4ai import AsyncWebCrawler, BrowserConfig, CrawlerRunConfig, CacheMode
-from crawl4ai.types import LLMConfig
+from crawl4ai import LLMConfig
 from crawl4ai.content_filter_strategy import LLMContentFilter
 
 async def test_llm_filter():

docs/examples/quickstart.py

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 import os, sys
 
-from crawl4ai.types import LLMConfig
+from crawl4ai import LLMConfig
 
 sys.path.append(
     os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__))))

docs/examples/quickstart_async.py

@@ -1,675 +0,0 @@
-import os, sys
-
-from crawl4ai.types import LLMConfig
-
-# append parent directory to system path
-sys.path.append(
-    os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__))))
-)
-os.environ["FIRECRAWL_API_KEY"] = "fc-84b370ccfad44beabc686b38f1769692"
-
-import asyncio
-# import nest_asyncio
-# nest_asyncio.apply()
-
-import time
-import json
-import os
-import re
-from typing import Dict, List
-from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
-from pydantic import BaseModel, Field
-from crawl4ai import AsyncWebCrawler, CacheMode
-from crawl4ai.markdown_generation_strategy import DefaultMarkdownGenerator
-from crawl4ai.content_filter_strategy import PruningContentFilter
-from crawl4ai.extraction_strategy import (
-    JsonCssExtractionStrategy,
-    LLMExtractionStrategy,
-)
-
-__location__ = os.path.realpath(os.path.join(os.getcwd(), os.path.dirname(__file__)))
-
-print("Crawl4AI: Advanced Web Crawling and Data Extraction")
-print("GitHub Repository: https://github.com/unclecode/crawl4ai")
-print("Twitter: @unclecode")
-print("Website: https://crawl4ai.com")
-
-
-async def simple_crawl():
-    print("\n--- Basic Usage ---")
-    async with AsyncWebCrawler(verbose=True) as crawler:
-        result = await crawler.arun(
-            url="https://www.nbcnews.com/business", cache_mode=CacheMode.BYPASS
-        )
-        print(result.markdown[:500])  # Print first 500 characters
-
-
-async def simple_example_with_running_js_code():
-    print("\n--- Executing JavaScript and Using CSS Selectors ---")
-    # New code to handle the wait_for parameter
-    wait_for = """() => {
-        return Array.from(document.querySelectorAll('article.tease-card')).length > 10;
-    }"""
-
-    # wait_for can be also just a css selector
-    # wait_for = "article.tease-card:nth-child(10)"
-
-    async with AsyncWebCrawler(verbose=True) as crawler:
-        js_code = [
-            "const loadMoreButton = Array.from(document.querySelectorAll('button')).find(button => button.textContent.includes('Load More')); loadMoreButton && loadMoreButton.click();"
-        ]
-        result = await crawler.arun(
-            url="https://www.nbcnews.com/business",
-            js_code=js_code,
-            # wait_for=wait_for,
-            cache_mode=CacheMode.BYPASS,
-        )
-        print(result.markdown[:500])  # Print first 500 characters
-
-
-async def simple_example_with_css_selector():
-    print("\n--- Using CSS Selectors ---")
-    async with AsyncWebCrawler(verbose=True) as crawler:
-        result = await crawler.arun(
-            url="https://www.nbcnews.com/business",
-            css_selector=".wide-tease-item__description",
-            cache_mode=CacheMode.BYPASS,
-        )
-        print(result.markdown[:500])  # Print first 500 characters
-
-
-async def use_proxy():
-    print("\n--- Using a Proxy ---")
-    print(
-        "Note: Replace 'http://your-proxy-url:port' with a working proxy to run this example."
-    )
-    # Uncomment and modify the following lines to use a proxy
-    async with AsyncWebCrawler(
-        verbose=True, proxy="http://your-proxy-url:port"
-    ) as crawler:
-        result = await crawler.arun(
-            url="https://www.nbcnews.com/business", cache_mode=CacheMode.BYPASS
-        )
-        if result.success:
-            print(result.markdown[:500])  # Print first 500 characters
-
-
-async def capture_and_save_screenshot(url: str, output_path: str):
-    async with AsyncWebCrawler(verbose=True) as crawler:
-        result = await crawler.arun(
-            url=url, screenshot=True, cache_mode=CacheMode.BYPASS
-        )
-
-        if result.success and result.screenshot:
-            import base64
-
-            # Decode the base64 screenshot data
-            screenshot_data = base64.b64decode(result.screenshot)
-
-            # Save the screenshot as a JPEG file
-            with open(output_path, "wb") as f:
-                f.write(screenshot_data)
-
-            print(f"Screenshot saved successfully to {output_path}")
-        else:
-            print("Failed to capture screenshot")
-
-
-class OpenAIModelFee(BaseModel):
-    model_name: str = Field(..., description="Name of the OpenAI model.")
-    input_fee: str = Field(..., description="Fee for input token for the OpenAI model.")
-    output_fee: str = Field(
-        ..., description="Fee for output token for the OpenAI model."
-    )
-
-
-async def extract_structured_data_using_llm(
-    provider: str, api_token: str = None, extra_headers: Dict[str, str] = None
-):
-    print(f"\n--- Extracting Structured Data with {provider} ---")
-
-    if api_token is None and provider != "ollama":
-        print(f"API token is required for {provider}. Skipping this example.")
-        return
-
-    # extra_args = {}
-    extra_args = {
-        "temperature": 0,
-        "top_p": 0.9,
-        "max_tokens": 2000,
-        # any other supported parameters for litellm
-    }
-    if extra_headers:
-        extra_args["extra_headers"] = extra_headers
-
-    async with AsyncWebCrawler(verbose=True) as crawler:
-        result = await crawler.arun(
-            url="https://openai.com/api/pricing/",
-            word_count_threshold=1,
-            extraction_strategy=LLMExtractionStrategy(
-                llm_config=LLMConfig(provider=provider,api_token=api_token),
-                schema=OpenAIModelFee.model_json_schema(),
-                extraction_type="schema",
-                instruction="""From the crawled content, extract all mentioned model names along with their fees for input and output tokens. 
-                Do not miss any models in the entire content. One extracted model JSON format should look like this: 
-                {"model_name": "GPT-4", "input_fee": "US$10.00 / 1M tokens", "output_fee": "US$30.00 / 1M tokens"}.""",
-                extra_args=extra_args,
-            ),
-            cache_mode=CacheMode.BYPASS,
-        )
-        print(result.extracted_content)
-
-
-async def extract_structured_data_using_css_extractor():
-    print("\n--- Using JsonCssExtractionStrategy for Fast Structured Output ---")
-    schema = {
-        "name": "KidoCode Courses",
-        "baseSelector": "section.charge-methodology .w-tab-content > div",
-        "fields": [
-            {
-                "name": "section_title",
-                "selector": "h3.heading-50",
-                "type": "text",
-            },
-            {
-                "name": "section_description",
-                "selector": ".charge-content",
-                "type": "text",
-            },
-            {
-                "name": "course_name",
-                "selector": ".text-block-93",
-                "type": "text",
-            },
-            {
-                "name": "course_description",
-                "selector": ".course-content-text",
-                "type": "text",
-            },
-            {
-                "name": "course_icon",
-                "selector": ".image-92",
-                "type": "attribute",
-                "attribute": "src",
-            },
-        ],
-    }
-
-    async with AsyncWebCrawler(headless=True, verbose=True) as crawler:
-        # Create the JavaScript that handles clicking multiple times
-        js_click_tabs = """
-        (async () => {
-            const tabs = document.querySelectorAll("section.charge-methodology .tabs-menu-3 > div");
-            
-            for(let tab of tabs) {
-                // scroll to the tab
-                tab.scrollIntoView();
-                tab.click();
-                // Wait for content to load and animations to complete
-                await new Promise(r => setTimeout(r, 500));
-            }
-        })();
-        """
-
-        result = await crawler.arun(
-            url="https://www.kidocode.com/degrees/technology",
-            extraction_strategy=JsonCssExtractionStrategy(schema, verbose=True),
-            js_code=[js_click_tabs],
-            cache_mode=CacheMode.BYPASS,
-        )
-
-        companies = json.loads(result.extracted_content)
-        print(f"Successfully extracted {len(companies)} companies")
-        print(json.dumps(companies[0], indent=2))
-
-
-# Advanced Session-Based Crawling with Dynamic Content 🔄
-async def crawl_dynamic_content_pages_method_1():
-    print("\n--- Advanced Multi-Page Crawling with JavaScript Execution ---")
-    first_commit = ""
-
-    async def on_execution_started(page):
-        nonlocal first_commit
-        try:
-            while True:
-                await page.wait_for_selector("li.Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 h4")
-                commit = await page.query_selector("li.Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 h4")
-                commit = await commit.evaluate("(element) => element.textContent")
-                commit = re.sub(r"\s+", "", commit)
-                if commit and commit != first_commit:
-                    first_commit = commit
-                    break
-                await asyncio.sleep(0.5)
-        except Exception as e:
-            print(f"Warning: New content didn't appear after JavaScript execution: {e}")
-
-    async with AsyncWebCrawler(verbose=True) as crawler:
-        crawler.crawler_strategy.set_hook("on_execution_started", on_execution_started)
-
-        url = "https://github.com/microsoft/TypeScript/commits/main"
-        session_id = "typescript_commits_session"
-        all_commits = []
-
-        js_next_page = """
-        (() => {
-            const button = document.querySelector('a[data-testid="pagination-next-button"]');
-            if (button) button.click();
-        })();
-        """
-
-        for page in range(3):  # Crawl 3 pages
-            result = await crawler.arun(
-                url=url,
-                session_id=session_id,
-                css_selector="li.Box-sc-g0xbh4-0",
-                js=js_next_page if page > 0 else None,
-                cache_mode=CacheMode.BYPASS,
-                js_only=page > 0,
-                headless=False,
-            )
-
-            assert result.success, f"Failed to crawl page {page + 1}"
-
-            soup = BeautifulSoup(result.cleaned_html, "html.parser")
-            commits = soup.select("li")
-            all_commits.extend(commits)
-
-            print(f"Page {page + 1}: Found {len(commits)} commits")
-
-        await crawler.crawler_strategy.kill_session(session_id)
-        print(f"Successfully crawled {len(all_commits)} commits across 3 pages")
-
-
-async def crawl_dynamic_content_pages_method_2():
-    print("\n--- Advanced Multi-Page Crawling with JavaScript Execution ---")
-
-    async with AsyncWebCrawler(verbose=True) as crawler:
-        url = "https://github.com/microsoft/TypeScript/commits/main"
-        session_id = "typescript_commits_session"
-        all_commits = []
-        last_commit = ""
-
-        js_next_page_and_wait = """
-        (async () => {
-            const getCurrentCommit = () => {
-                const commits = document.querySelectorAll('li.Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 h4');
-                return commits.length > 0 ? commits[0].textContent.trim() : null;
-            };
-
-            const initialCommit = getCurrentCommit();
-            const button = document.querySelector('a[data-testid="pagination-next-button"]');
-            if (button) button.click();
-
-            // Poll for changes
-            while (true) {
-                await new Promise(resolve => setTimeout(resolve, 100)); // Wait 100ms
-                const newCommit = getCurrentCommit();
-                if (newCommit && newCommit !== initialCommit) {
-                    break;
-                }
-            }
-        })();
-        """
-
-        schema = {
-            "name": "Commit Extractor",
-            "baseSelector": "li.Box-sc-g0xbh4-0",
-            "fields": [
-                {
-                    "name": "title",
-                    "selector": "h4.markdown-title",
-                    "type": "text",
-                    "transform": "strip",
-                },
-            ],
-        }
-        extraction_strategy = JsonCssExtractionStrategy(schema, verbose=True)
-
-        for page in range(3):  # Crawl 3 pages
-            result = await crawler.arun(
-                url=url,
-                session_id=session_id,
-                css_selector="li.Box-sc-g0xbh4-0",
-                extraction_strategy=extraction_strategy,
-                js_code=js_next_page_and_wait if page > 0 else None,
-                js_only=page > 0,
-                cache_mode=CacheMode.BYPASS,
-                headless=False,
-            )
-
-            assert result.success, f"Failed to crawl page {page + 1}"
-
-            commits = json.loads(result.extracted_content)
-            all_commits.extend(commits)
-
-            print(f"Page {page + 1}: Found {len(commits)} commits")
-
-        await crawler.crawler_strategy.kill_session(session_id)
-        print(f"Successfully crawled {len(all_commits)} commits across 3 pages")
-
-
-async def crawl_dynamic_content_pages_method_3():
-    print(
-        "\n--- Advanced Multi-Page Crawling with JavaScript Execution using `wait_for` ---"
-    )
-
-    async with AsyncWebCrawler(verbose=True) as crawler:
-        url = "https://github.com/microsoft/TypeScript/commits/main"
-        session_id = "typescript_commits_session"
-        all_commits = []
-
-        js_next_page = """
-        const commits = document.querySelectorAll('li.Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 h4');
-        if (commits.length > 0) {
-            window.firstCommit = commits[0].textContent.trim();
-        }
-        const button = document.querySelector('a[data-testid="pagination-next-button"]');
-        if (button) button.click();
-        """
-
-        wait_for = """() => {
-            const commits = document.querySelectorAll('li.Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 h4');
-            if (commits.length === 0) return false;
-            const firstCommit = commits[0].textContent.trim();
-            return firstCommit !== window.firstCommit;
-        }"""
-
-        schema = {
-            "name": "Commit Extractor",
-            "baseSelector": "li.Box-sc-g0xbh4-0",
-            "fields": [
-                {
-                    "name": "title",
-                    "selector": "h4.markdown-title",
-                    "type": "text",
-                    "transform": "strip",
-                },
-            ],
-        }
-        extraction_strategy = JsonCssExtractionStrategy(schema, verbose=True)
-
-        for page in range(3):  # Crawl 3 pages
-            result = await crawler.arun(
-                url=url,
-                session_id=session_id,
-                css_selector="li.Box-sc-g0xbh4-0",
-                extraction_strategy=extraction_strategy,
-                js_code=js_next_page if page > 0 else None,
-                wait_for=wait_for if page > 0 else None,
-                js_only=page > 0,
-                cache_mode=CacheMode.BYPASS,
-                headless=False,
-            )
-
-            assert result.success, f"Failed to crawl page {page + 1}"
-
-            commits = json.loads(result.extracted_content)
-            all_commits.extend(commits)
-
-            print(f"Page {page + 1}: Found {len(commits)} commits")
-
-        await crawler.crawler_strategy.kill_session(session_id)
-        print(f"Successfully crawled {len(all_commits)} commits across 3 pages")
-
-
-async def crawl_custom_browser_type():
-    # Use Firefox
-    start = time.time()
-    async with AsyncWebCrawler(
-        browser_type="firefox", verbose=True, headless=True
-    ) as crawler:
-        result = await crawler.arun(
-            url="https://www.example.com", cache_mode=CacheMode.BYPASS
-        )
-        print(result.markdown[:500])
-        print("Time taken: ", time.time() - start)
-
-    # Use WebKit
-    start = time.time()
-    async with AsyncWebCrawler(
-        browser_type="webkit", verbose=True, headless=True
-    ) as crawler:
-        result = await crawler.arun(
-            url="https://www.example.com", cache_mode=CacheMode.BYPASS
-        )
-        print(result.markdown[:500])
-        print("Time taken: ", time.time() - start)
-
-    # Use Chromium (default)
-    start = time.time()
-    async with AsyncWebCrawler(verbose=True, headless=True) as crawler:
-        result = await crawler.arun(
-            url="https://www.example.com", cache_mode=CacheMode.BYPASS
-        )
-        print(result.markdown[:500])
-        print("Time taken: ", time.time() - start)
-
-
-async def crawl_with_user_simultion():
-    async with AsyncWebCrawler(verbose=True, headless=True) as crawler:
-        url = "YOUR-URL-HERE"
-        result = await crawler.arun(
-            url=url,
-            cache_mode=CacheMode.BYPASS,
-            magic=True,  # Automatically detects and removes overlays, popups, and other elements that block content
-            # simulate_user = True,# Causes a series of random mouse movements and clicks to simulate user interaction
-            # override_navigator = True # Overrides the navigator object to make it look like a real user
-        )
-
-        print(result.markdown)
-
-
-async def speed_comparison():
-    # print("\n--- Speed Comparison ---")
-    # print("Firecrawl (simulated):")
-    # print("Time taken: 7.02 seconds")
-    # print("Content length: 42074 characters")
-    # print("Images found: 49")
-    # print()
-    # Simulated Firecrawl performance
-    from firecrawl import FirecrawlApp
-
-    app = FirecrawlApp(api_key=os.environ["FIRECRAWL_API_KEY"])
-    start = time.time()
-    scrape_status = app.scrape_url(
-        "https://www.nbcnews.com/business", params={"formats": ["markdown", "html"]}
-    )
-    end = time.time()
-    print("Firecrawl:")
-    print(f"Time taken: {end - start:.2f} seconds")
-    print(f"Content length: {len(scrape_status['markdown'])} characters")
-    print(f"Images found: {scrape_status['markdown'].count('cldnry.s-nbcnews.com')}")
-    print()
-
-    async with AsyncWebCrawler() as crawler:
-        # Crawl4AI simple crawl
-        start = time.time()
-        result = await crawler.arun(
-            url="https://www.nbcnews.com/business",
-            word_count_threshold=0,
-            cache_mode=CacheMode.BYPASS,
-            verbose=False,
-        )
-        end = time.time()
-        print("Crawl4AI (simple crawl):")
-        print(f"Time taken: {end - start:.2f} seconds")
-        print(f"Content length: {len(result.markdown)} characters")
-        print(f"Images found: {result.markdown.count('cldnry.s-nbcnews.com')}")
-        print()
-
-        # Crawl4AI with advanced content filtering
-        start = time.time()
-        result = await crawler.arun(
-            url="https://www.nbcnews.com/business",
-            word_count_threshold=0,
-            markdown_generator=DefaultMarkdownGenerator(
-                content_filter=PruningContentFilter(
-                    threshold=0.48, threshold_type="fixed", min_word_threshold=0
-                )
-                # content_filter=BM25ContentFilter(user_query=None, bm25_threshold=1.0)
-            ),
-            cache_mode=CacheMode.BYPASS,
-            verbose=False,
-        )
-        end = time.time()
-        print("Crawl4AI (Markdown Plus):")
-        print(f"Time taken: {end - start:.2f} seconds")
-        print(f"Content length: {len(result.markdown.raw_markdown)} characters")
-        print(f"Fit Markdown: {len(result.markdown.fit_markdown)} characters")
-        print(f"Images found: {result.markdown.raw_markdown.count('cldnry.s-nbcnews.com')}")
-        print()
-
-        # Crawl4AI with JavaScript execution
-        start = time.time()
-        result = await crawler.arun(
-            url="https://www.nbcnews.com/business",
-            js_code=[
-                "const loadMoreButton = Array.from(document.querySelectorAll('button')).find(button => button.textContent.includes('Load More')); loadMoreButton && loadMoreButton.click();"
-            ],
-            word_count_threshold=0,
-            cache_mode=CacheMode.BYPASS,
-            markdown_generator=DefaultMarkdownGenerator(
-                content_filter=PruningContentFilter(
-                    threshold=0.48, threshold_type="fixed", min_word_threshold=0
-                )
-                # content_filter=BM25ContentFilter(user_query=None, bm25_threshold=1.0)
-            ),
-            verbose=False,
-        )
-        end = time.time()
-        print("Crawl4AI (with JavaScript execution):")
-        print(f"Time taken: {end - start:.2f} seconds")
-        print(f"Content length: {len(result.markdown.raw_markdown)} characters")
-        print(f"Fit Markdown: {len(result.markdown.fit_markdown)} characters")
-        print(f"Images found: {result.markdown.raw_markdown.count('cldnry.s-nbcnews.com')}")
-
-    print("\nNote on Speed Comparison:")
-    print("The speed test conducted here may not reflect optimal conditions.")
-    print("When we call Firecrawl's API, we're seeing its best performance,")
-    print("while Crawl4AI's performance is limited by the local network speed.")
-    print("For a more accurate comparison, it's recommended to run these tests")
-    print("on servers with a stable and fast internet connection.")
-    print("Despite these limitations, Crawl4AI still demonstrates faster performance.")
-    print("If you run these tests in an environment with better network conditions,")
-    print("you may observe an even more significant speed advantage for Crawl4AI.")
-
-
-async def generate_knowledge_graph():
-    class Entity(BaseModel):
-        name: str
-        description: str
-
-    class Relationship(BaseModel):
-        entity1: Entity
-        entity2: Entity
-        description: str
-        relation_type: str
-
-    class KnowledgeGraph(BaseModel):
-        entities: List[Entity]
-        relationships: List[Relationship]
-
-    extraction_strategy = LLMExtractionStrategy(
-        llm_config=LLMConfig(provider="openai/gpt-4o-mini",  api_token=os.getenv("OPENAI_API_KEY")),  # In case of Ollama just pass "no-token"
-        schema=KnowledgeGraph.model_json_schema(),
-        extraction_type="schema",
-        instruction="""Extract entities and relationships from the given text.""",
-    )
-    async with AsyncWebCrawler() as crawler:
-        url = "https://paulgraham.com/love.html"
-        result = await crawler.arun(
-            url=url,
-            cache_mode=CacheMode.BYPASS,
-            extraction_strategy=extraction_strategy,
-            # magic=True
-        )
-        # print(result.extracted_content)
-        with open(os.path.join(__location__, "kb.json"), "w") as f:
-            f.write(result.extracted_content)
-
-
-async def fit_markdown_remove_overlay():
-    async with AsyncWebCrawler(
-        headless=True,  # Set to False to see what is happening
-        verbose=True,
-        user_agent_mode="random",
-        user_agent_generator_config={"device_type": "mobile", "os_type": "android"},
-    ) as crawler:
-        result = await crawler.arun(
-            url="https://www.kidocode.com/degrees/technology",
-            cache_mode=CacheMode.BYPASS,
-            markdown_generator=DefaultMarkdownGenerator(
-                content_filter=PruningContentFilter(
-                    threshold=0.48, threshold_type="fixed", min_word_threshold=0
-                ),
-                options={"ignore_links": True},
-            ),
-            # markdown_generator=DefaultMarkdownGenerator(
-            #     content_filter=BM25ContentFilter(user_query="", bm25_threshold=1.0),
-            #     options={
-            #         "ignore_links": True
-            #     }
-            # ),
-        )
-
-        if result.success:
-            print(len(result.markdown.raw_markdown))
-            print(len(result.markdown.markdown_with_citations))
-            print(len(result.markdown.fit_markdown))
-
-            # Save clean html
-            with open(os.path.join(__location__, "output/cleaned_html.html"), "w") as f:
-                f.write(result.cleaned_html)
-
-            with open(
-                os.path.join(__location__, "output/output_raw_markdown.md"), "w"
-            ) as f:
-                f.write(result.markdown.raw_markdown)
-
-            with open(
-                os.path.join(__location__, "output/output_markdown_with_citations.md"),
-                "w",
-            ) as f:
-                f.write(result.markdown.markdown_with_citations)
-
-            with open(
-                os.path.join(__location__, "output/output_fit_markdown.md"), "w"
-            ) as f:
-                f.write(result.markdown.fit_markdown)
-
-    print("Done")
-
-
-async def main():
-    # await extract_structured_data_using_llm("openai/gpt-4o", os.getenv("OPENAI_API_KEY"))
-
-    # await simple_crawl()
-    # await simple_example_with_running_js_code()
-    # await simple_example_with_css_selector()
-    # # await use_proxy()
-    # await capture_and_save_screenshot("https://www.example.com", os.path.join(__location__, "tmp/example_screenshot.jpg"))
-    # await extract_structured_data_using_css_extractor()
-
-    # LLM extraction examples
-    # await extract_structured_data_using_llm()
-    # await extract_structured_data_using_llm("huggingface/meta-llama/Meta-Llama-3.1-8B-Instruct", os.getenv("HUGGINGFACE_API_KEY"))
-    # await extract_structured_data_using_llm("ollama/llama3.2")
-
-    # You always can pass custom headers to the extraction strategy
-    # custom_headers = {
-    #     "Authorization": "Bearer your-custom-token",
-    #     "X-Custom-Header": "Some-Value"
-    # }
-    # await extract_structured_data_using_llm(extra_headers=custom_headers)
-
-    # await crawl_dynamic_content_pages_method_1()
-    # await crawl_dynamic_content_pages_method_2()
-    await crawl_dynamic_content_pages_method_3()
-
-    # await crawl_custom_browser_type()
-
-    # await speed_comparison()
-
-
-if __name__ == "__main__":
-    asyncio.run(main())

docs/examples/quickstart_sync.py

@@ -1,405 +0,0 @@
-import os
-import time
-from crawl4ai.types import LLMConfig
-from crawl4ai.web_crawler import WebCrawler
-from crawl4ai.chunking_strategy import *
-from crawl4ai.extraction_strategy import *
-from crawl4ai.crawler_strategy import *
-from rich import print
-from rich.console import Console
-from functools import lru_cache
-
-console = Console()
-
-
-@lru_cache()
-def create_crawler():
-    crawler = WebCrawler(verbose=True)
-    crawler.warmup()
-    return crawler
-
-
-def print_result(result):
-    # Print each key in one line and just the first 10 characters of each one's value and three dots
-    console.print("\t[bold]Result:[/bold]")
-    for key, value in result.model_dump().items():
-        if isinstance(value, str) and value:
-            console.print(f"\t{key}: [green]{value[:20]}...[/green]")
-    if result.extracted_content:
-        items = json.loads(result.extracted_content)
-        print(f"\t[bold]{len(items)} blocks is extracted![/bold]")
-
-
-def cprint(message, press_any_key=False):
-    console.print(message)
-    if press_any_key:
-        console.print("Press any key to continue...", style="")
-        input()
-
-
-def basic_usage(crawler):
-    cprint(
-        "🛠️ [bold cyan]Basic Usage: Simply provide a URL and let Crawl4ai do the magic![/bold cyan]"
-    )
-    result = crawler.run(url="https://www.nbcnews.com/business", only_text=True)
-    cprint("[LOG] 📦 [bold yellow]Basic crawl result:[/bold yellow]")
-    print_result(result)
-
-
-def basic_usage_some_params(crawler):
-    cprint(
-        "🛠️ [bold cyan]Basic Usage: Simply provide a URL and let Crawl4ai do the magic![/bold cyan]"
-    )
-    result = crawler.run(
-        url="https://www.nbcnews.com/business", word_count_threshold=1, only_text=True
-    )
-    cprint("[LOG] 📦 [bold yellow]Basic crawl result:[/bold yellow]")
-    print_result(result)
-
-
-def screenshot_usage(crawler):
-    cprint("\n📸 [bold cyan]Let's take a screenshot of the page![/bold cyan]")
-    result = crawler.run(url="https://www.nbcnews.com/business", screenshot=True)
-    cprint("[LOG] 📦 [bold yellow]Screenshot result:[/bold yellow]")
-    # Save the screenshot to a file
-    with open("screenshot.png", "wb") as f:
-        f.write(base64.b64decode(result.screenshot))
-    cprint("Screenshot saved to 'screenshot.png'!")
-    print_result(result)
-
-
-def understanding_parameters(crawler):
-    cprint(
-        "\n🧠 [bold cyan]Understanding 'bypass_cache' and 'include_raw_html' parameters:[/bold cyan]"
-    )
-    cprint(
-        "By default, Crawl4ai caches the results of your crawls. This means that subsequent crawls of the same URL will be much faster! Let's see this in action."
-    )
-
-    # First crawl (reads from cache)
-    cprint("1️⃣ First crawl (caches the result):", True)
-    start_time = time.time()
-    result = crawler.run(url="https://www.nbcnews.com/business")
-    end_time = time.time()
-    cprint(
-        f"[LOG] 📦 [bold yellow]First crawl took {end_time - start_time} seconds and result (from cache):[/bold yellow]"
-    )
-    print_result(result)
-
-    # Force to crawl again
-    cprint("2️⃣ Second crawl (Force to crawl again):", True)
-    start_time = time.time()
-    result = crawler.run(url="https://www.nbcnews.com/business", bypass_cache=True)
-    end_time = time.time()
-    cprint(
-        f"[LOG] 📦 [bold yellow]Second crawl took {end_time - start_time} seconds and result (forced to crawl):[/bold yellow]"
-    )
-    print_result(result)
-
-
-def add_chunking_strategy(crawler):
-    # Adding a chunking strategy: RegexChunking
-    cprint(
-        "\n🧩 [bold cyan]Let's add a chunking strategy: RegexChunking![/bold cyan]",
-        True,
-    )
-    cprint(
-        "RegexChunking is a simple chunking strategy that splits the text based on a given regex pattern. Let's see it in action!"
-    )
-    result = crawler.run(
-        url="https://www.nbcnews.com/business",
-        chunking_strategy=RegexChunking(patterns=["\n\n"]),
-    )
-    cprint("[LOG] 📦 [bold yellow]RegexChunking result:[/bold yellow]")
-    print_result(result)
-
-    # Adding another chunking strategy: NlpSentenceChunking
-    cprint(
-        "\n🔍 [bold cyan]Time to explore another chunking strategy: NlpSentenceChunking![/bold cyan]",
-        True,
-    )
-    cprint(
-        "NlpSentenceChunking uses NLP techniques to split the text into sentences. Let's see how it performs!"
-    )
-    result = crawler.run(
-        url="https://www.nbcnews.com/business", chunking_strategy=NlpSentenceChunking()
-    )
-    cprint("[LOG] 📦 [bold yellow]NlpSentenceChunking result:[/bold yellow]")
-    print_result(result)
-
-
-def add_extraction_strategy(crawler):
-    # Adding an extraction strategy: CosineStrategy
-    cprint(
-        "\n🧠 [bold cyan]Let's get smarter with an extraction strategy: CosineStrategy![/bold cyan]",
-        True,
-    )
-    cprint(
-        "CosineStrategy uses cosine similarity to extract semantically similar blocks of text. Let's see it in action!"
-    )
-    result = crawler.run(
-        url="https://www.nbcnews.com/business",
-        extraction_strategy=CosineStrategy(
-            word_count_threshold=10,
-            max_dist=0.2,
-            linkage_method="ward",
-            top_k=3,
-            sim_threshold=0.3,
-            verbose=True,
-        ),
-    )
-    cprint("[LOG] 📦 [bold yellow]CosineStrategy result:[/bold yellow]")
-    print_result(result)
-
-    # Using semantic_filter with CosineStrategy
-    cprint(
-        "You can pass other parameters like 'semantic_filter' to the CosineStrategy to extract semantically similar blocks of text. Let's see it in action!"
-    )
-    result = crawler.run(
-        url="https://www.nbcnews.com/business",
-        extraction_strategy=CosineStrategy(
-            semantic_filter="inflation rent prices",
-        ),
-    )
-    cprint(
-        "[LOG] 📦 [bold yellow]CosineStrategy result with semantic filter:[/bold yellow]"
-    )
-    print_result(result)
-
-
-def add_llm_extraction_strategy(crawler):
-    # Adding an LLM extraction strategy without instructions
-    cprint(
-        "\n🤖 [bold cyan]Time to bring in the big guns: LLMExtractionStrategy without instructions![/bold cyan]",
-        True,
-    )
-    cprint(
-        "LLMExtractionStrategy uses a large language model to extract relevant information from the web page. Let's see it in action!"
-    )
-    result = crawler.run(
-        url="https://www.nbcnews.com/business",
-        extraction_strategy=LLMExtractionStrategy(
-            llm_config =  LLMConfig(provider="openai/gpt-4o", api_token=os.getenv("OPENAI_API_KEY"))
-        ),
-    )
-    cprint(
-        "[LOG] 📦 [bold yellow]LLMExtractionStrategy (no instructions) result:[/bold yellow]"
-    )
-    print_result(result)
-
-    # Adding an LLM extraction strategy with instructions
-    cprint(
-        "\n📜 [bold cyan]Let's make it even more interesting: LLMExtractionStrategy with instructions![/bold cyan]",
-        True,
-    )
-    cprint(
-        "Let's say we are only interested in financial news. Let's see how LLMExtractionStrategy performs with instructions!"
-    )
-    result = crawler.run(
-        url="https://www.nbcnews.com/business",
-        extraction_strategy=LLMExtractionStrategy(
-            llm_config=LLMConfig(provider="openai/gpt-4o",api_token=os.getenv("OPENAI_API_KEY")),
-            instruction="I am interested in only financial news",
-        ),
-    )
-    cprint(
-        "[LOG] 📦 [bold yellow]LLMExtractionStrategy (with instructions) result:[/bold yellow]"
-    )
-    print_result(result)
-
-    result = crawler.run(
-        url="https://www.nbcnews.com/business",
-        extraction_strategy=LLMExtractionStrategy(
-            llm_config=LLMConfig(provider="openai/gpt-4o",api_token=os.getenv("OPENAI_API_KEY")),
-            instruction="Extract only content related to technology",
-        ),
-    )
-    cprint(
-        "[LOG] 📦 [bold yellow]LLMExtractionStrategy (with technology instruction) result:[/bold yellow]"
-    )
-    print_result(result)
-
-
-def targeted_extraction(crawler):
-    # Using a CSS selector to extract only H2 tags
-    cprint(
-        "\n🎯 [bold cyan]Targeted extraction: Let's use a CSS selector to extract only H2 tags![/bold cyan]",
-        True,
-    )
-    result = crawler.run(url="https://www.nbcnews.com/business", css_selector="h2")
-    cprint("[LOG] 📦 [bold yellow]CSS Selector (H2 tags) result:[/bold yellow]")
-    print_result(result)
-
-
-def interactive_extraction(crawler):
-    # Passing JavaScript code to interact with the page
-    cprint(
-        "\n🖱️ [bold cyan]Let's get interactive: Passing JavaScript code to click 'Load More' button![/bold cyan]",
-        True,
-    )
-    cprint(
-        "In this example we try to click the 'Load More' button on the page using JavaScript code."
-    )
-    js_code = """
-    const loadMoreButton = Array.from(document.querySelectorAll('button')).find(button => button.textContent.includes('Load More'));
-    loadMoreButton && loadMoreButton.click();
-    """
-    # crawler_strategy = LocalSeleniumCrawlerStrategy(js_code=js_code)
-    # crawler = WebCrawler(crawler_strategy=crawler_strategy, always_by_pass_cache=True)
-    result = crawler.run(url="https://www.nbcnews.com/business", js=js_code)
-    cprint(
-        "[LOG] 📦 [bold yellow]JavaScript Code (Load More button) result:[/bold yellow]"
-    )
-    print_result(result)
-
-
-def multiple_scrip(crawler):
-    # Passing JavaScript code to interact with the page
-    cprint(
-        "\n🖱️ [bold cyan]Let's get interactive: Passing JavaScript code to click 'Load More' button![/bold cyan]",
-        True,
-    )
-    cprint(
-        "In this example we try to click the 'Load More' button on the page using JavaScript code."
-    )
-    js_code = [
-        """
-    const loadMoreButton = Array.from(document.querySelectorAll('button')).find(button => button.textContent.includes('Load More'));
-    loadMoreButton && loadMoreButton.click();
-    """
-    ] * 2
-    # crawler_strategy = LocalSeleniumCrawlerStrategy(js_code=js_code)
-    # crawler = WebCrawler(crawler_strategy=crawler_strategy, always_by_pass_cache=True)
-    result = crawler.run(url="https://www.nbcnews.com/business", js=js_code)
-    cprint(
-        "[LOG] 📦 [bold yellow]JavaScript Code (Load More button) result:[/bold yellow]"
-    )
-    print_result(result)
-
-
-def using_crawler_hooks(crawler):
-    # Example usage of the hooks for authentication and setting a cookie
-    def on_driver_created(driver):
-        print("[HOOK] on_driver_created")
-        # Example customization: maximize the window
-        driver.maximize_window()
-
-        # Example customization: logging in to a hypothetical website
-        driver.get("https://example.com/login")
-
-        from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait
-        from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
-        from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC
-
-        WebDriverWait(driver, 10).until(
-            EC.presence_of_element_located((By.NAME, "username"))
-        )
-        driver.find_element(By.NAME, "username").send_keys("testuser")
-        driver.find_element(By.NAME, "password").send_keys("password123")
-        driver.find_element(By.NAME, "login").click()
-        WebDriverWait(driver, 10).until(
-            EC.presence_of_element_located((By.ID, "welcome"))
-        )
-        # Add a custom cookie
-        driver.add_cookie({"name": "test_cookie", "value": "cookie_value"})
-        return driver
-
-    def before_get_url(driver):
-        print("[HOOK] before_get_url")
-        # Example customization: add a custom header
-        # Enable Network domain for sending headers
-        driver.execute_cdp_cmd("Network.enable", {})
-        # Add a custom header
-        driver.execute_cdp_cmd(
-            "Network.setExtraHTTPHeaders", {"headers": {"X-Test-Header": "test"}}
-        )
-        return driver
-
-    def after_get_url(driver):
-        print("[HOOK] after_get_url")
-        # Example customization: log the URL
-        print(driver.current_url)
-        return driver
-
-    def before_return_html(driver, html):
-        print("[HOOK] before_return_html")
-        # Example customization: log the HTML
-        print(len(html))
-        return driver
-
-    cprint(
-        "\n🔗 [bold cyan]Using Crawler Hooks: Let's see how we can customize the crawler using hooks![/bold cyan]",
-        True,
-    )
-
-    crawler_strategy = LocalSeleniumCrawlerStrategy(verbose=True)
-    crawler_strategy.set_hook("on_driver_created", on_driver_created)
-    crawler_strategy.set_hook("before_get_url", before_get_url)
-    crawler_strategy.set_hook("after_get_url", after_get_url)
-    crawler_strategy.set_hook("before_return_html", before_return_html)
-
-    crawler = WebCrawler(verbose=True, crawler_strategy=crawler_strategy)
-    crawler.warmup()
-    result = crawler.run(url="https://example.com")
-
-    cprint("[LOG] 📦 [bold yellow]Crawler Hooks result:[/bold yellow]")
-    print_result(result=result)
-
-
-def using_crawler_hooks_dleay_example(crawler):
-    def delay(driver):
-        print("Delaying for 5 seconds...")
-        time.sleep(5)
-        print("Resuming...")
-
-    def create_crawler():
-        crawler_strategy = LocalSeleniumCrawlerStrategy(verbose=True)
-        crawler_strategy.set_hook("after_get_url", delay)
-        crawler = WebCrawler(verbose=True, crawler_strategy=crawler_strategy)
-        crawler.warmup()
-        return crawler
-
-    cprint(
-        "\n🔗 [bold cyan]Using Crawler Hooks: Let's add a delay after fetching the url to make sure entire page is fetched.[/bold cyan]"
-    )
-    crawler = create_crawler()
-    result = crawler.run(url="https://google.com", bypass_cache=True)
-
-    cprint("[LOG] 📦 [bold yellow]Crawler Hooks result:[/bold yellow]")
-    print_result(result)
-
-
-def main():
-    cprint(
-        "🌟 [bold green]Welcome to the Crawl4ai Quickstart Guide! Let's dive into some web crawling fun! 🌐[/bold green]"
-    )
-    cprint(
-        "⛳️ [bold cyan]First Step: Create an instance of WebCrawler and call the `warmup()` function.[/bold cyan]"
-    )
-    cprint(
-        "If this is the first time you're running Crawl4ai, this might take a few seconds to load required model files."
-    )
-
-    crawler = create_crawler()
-
-    crawler.always_by_pass_cache = True
-    basic_usage(crawler)
-    # basic_usage_some_params(crawler)
-    understanding_parameters(crawler)
-
-    crawler.always_by_pass_cache = True
-    screenshot_usage(crawler)
-    add_chunking_strategy(crawler)
-    add_extraction_strategy(crawler)
-    add_llm_extraction_strategy(crawler)
-    targeted_extraction(crawler)
-    interactive_extraction(crawler)
-    multiple_scrip(crawler)
-
-    cprint(
-        "\n🎉 [bold green]Congratulations! You've made it through the Crawl4ai Quickstart Guide! Now go forth and crawl the web like a pro! 🕸️[/bold green]"
-    )
-
-
-if __name__ == "__main__":
-    main()

docs/examples/quickstart_v0.ipynb

@@ -1,735 +0,0 @@
-{
-  "cells": [
-    {
-      "cell_type": "markdown",
-      "metadata": {
-        "id": "6yLvrXn7yZQI"
-      },
-      "source": [
-        "# Crawl4AI: Advanced Web Crawling and Data Extraction\n",
-        "\n",
-        "Welcome to this interactive notebook showcasing Crawl4AI, an advanced asynchronous web crawling and data extraction library.\n",
-        "\n",
-        "- GitHub Repository: [https://github.com/unclecode/crawl4ai](https://github.com/unclecode/crawl4ai)\n",
-        "- Twitter: [@unclecode](https://twitter.com/unclecode)\n",
-        "- Website: [https://crawl4ai.com](https://crawl4ai.com)\n",
-        "\n",
-        "Let's explore the powerful features of Crawl4AI!"
-      ]
-    },
-    {
-      "cell_type": "markdown",
-      "metadata": {
-        "id": "KIn_9nxFyZQK"
-      },
-      "source": [
-        "## Installation\n",
-        "\n",
-        "First, let's install Crawl4AI from GitHub:"
-      ]
-    },
-    {
-      "cell_type": "code",
-      "execution_count": null,
-      "metadata": {
-        "id": "mSnaxLf3zMog"
-      },
-      "outputs": [],
-      "source": [
-        "!sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install -y libwoff1 libopus0 libwebp6 libwebpdemux2 libenchant1c2a libgudev-1.0-0 libsecret-1-0 libhyphen0 libgdk-pixbuf2.0-0 libegl1 libnotify4 libxslt1.1 libevent-2.1-7 libgles2 libvpx6 libxcomposite1 libatk1.0-0 libatk-bridge2.0-0 libepoxy0 libgtk-3-0 libharfbuzz-icu0"
-      ]
-    },
-    {
-      "cell_type": "code",
-      "execution_count": null,
-      "metadata": {
-        "id": "xlXqaRtayZQK"
-      },
-      "outputs": [],
-      "source": [
-        "!pip install crawl4ai\n",
-        "!pip install nest-asyncio\n",
-        "!playwright install"
-      ]
-    },
-    {
-      "cell_type": "markdown",
-      "metadata": {
-        "id": "qKCE7TI7yZQL"
-      },
-      "source": [
-        "Now, let's import the necessary libraries:"
-      ]
-    },
-    {
-      "cell_type": "code",
-      "execution_count": 1,
-      "metadata": {
-        "id": "I67tr7aAyZQL"
-      },
-      "outputs": [],
-      "source": [
-        "import asyncio\n",
-        "import nest_asyncio\n",
-        "from crawl4ai import AsyncWebCrawler\n",
-        "from crawl4ai.extraction_strategy import JsonCssExtractionStrategy, LLMExtractionStrategy\n",
-        "import json\n",
-        "import time\n",
-        "from pydantic import BaseModel, Field\n",
-        "\n",
-        "nest_asyncio.apply()"
-      ]
-    },
-    {
-      "cell_type": "markdown",
-      "metadata": {
-        "id": "h7yR_Rt_yZQM"
-      },
-      "source": [
-        "## Basic Usage\n",
-        "\n",
-        "Let's start with a simple crawl example:"
-      ]
-    },
-    {
-      "cell_type": "code",
-      "execution_count": 2,
-      "metadata": {
-        "colab": {
-          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/"
-        },
-        "id": "yBh6hf4WyZQM",
-        "outputId": "0f83af5c-abba-4175-ed95-70b7512e6bcc"
-      },
-      "outputs": [
-        {
-          "name": "stdout",
-          "output_type": "stream",
-          "text": [
-            "[LOG] 🌤️  Warming up the AsyncWebCrawler\n",
-            "[LOG] 🌞 AsyncWebCrawler is ready to crawl\n",
-            "[LOG] 🚀 Content extracted for https://www.nbcnews.com/business, success: True, time taken: 0.05 seconds\n",
-            "[LOG] 🚀 Extraction done for https://www.nbcnews.com/business, time taken: 0.05 seconds.\n",
-            "18102\n"
-          ]
-        }
-      ],
-      "source": [
-        "async def simple_crawl():\n",
-        "    async with AsyncWebCrawler(verbose=True) as crawler:\n",
-        "        result = await crawler.arun(url=\"https://www.nbcnews.com/business\")\n",
-        "        print(len(result.markdown))\n",
-        "await simple_crawl()"
-      ]
-    },
-    {
-      "cell_type": "markdown",
-      "metadata": {
-        "id": "9rtkgHI28uI4"
-      },
-      "source": [
-        "💡 By default, **Crawl4AI** caches the result of every URL, so the next time you call it, you’ll get an instant result. But if you want to bypass the cache, just set `bypass_cache=True`."
-      ]
-    },
-    {
-      "cell_type": "markdown",
-      "metadata": {
-        "id": "MzZ0zlJ9yZQM"
-      },
-      "source": [
-        "## Advanced Features\n",
-        "\n",
-        "### Executing JavaScript and Using CSS Selectors"
-      ]
-    },
-    {
-      "cell_type": "code",
-      "execution_count": 3,
-      "metadata": {
-        "colab": {
-          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/"
-        },
-        "id": "gHStF86xyZQM",
-        "outputId": "34d0fb6d-4dec-4677-f76e-85a1f082829b"
-      },
-      "outputs": [
-        {
-          "name": "stdout",
-          "output_type": "stream",
-          "text": [
-            "[LOG] 🌤️  Warming up the AsyncWebCrawler\n",
-            "[LOG] 🌞 AsyncWebCrawler is ready to crawl\n",
-            "[LOG] 🕸️ Crawling https://www.nbcnews.com/business using AsyncPlaywrightCrawlerStrategy...\n",
-            "[LOG] ✅ Crawled https://www.nbcnews.com/business successfully!\n",
-            "[LOG] 🚀 Crawling done for https://www.nbcnews.com/business, success: True, time taken: 6.06 seconds\n",
-            "[LOG] 🚀 Content extracted for https://www.nbcnews.com/business, success: True, time taken: 0.10 seconds\n",
-            "[LOG] 🔥 Extracting semantic blocks for https://www.nbcnews.com/business, Strategy: AsyncWebCrawler\n",
-            "[LOG] 🚀 Extraction done for https://www.nbcnews.com/business, time taken: 0.11 seconds.\n",
-            "41135\n"
-          ]
-        }
-      ],
-      "source": [
-        "async def js_and_css():\n",
-        "    async with AsyncWebCrawler(verbose=True) as crawler:\n",
-        "        js_code = [\"const loadMoreButton = Array.from(document.querySelectorAll('button')).find(button => button.textContent.includes('Load More')); loadMoreButton && loadMoreButton.click();\"]\n",
-        "        result = await crawler.arun(\n",
-        "            url=\"https://www.nbcnews.com/business\",\n",
-        "            js_code=js_code,\n",
-        "            # css_selector=\"YOUR_CSS_SELECTOR_HERE\",\n",
-        "            bypass_cache=True\n",
-        "        )\n",
-        "        print(len(result.markdown))\n",
-        "\n",
-        "await js_and_css()"
-      ]
-    },
-    {
-      "cell_type": "markdown",
-      "metadata": {
-        "id": "cqE_W4coyZQM"
-      },
-      "source": [
-        "### Using a Proxy\n",
-        "\n",
-        "Note: You'll need to replace the proxy URL with a working proxy for this example to run successfully."
-      ]
-    },
-    {
-      "cell_type": "code",
-      "execution_count": null,
-      "metadata": {
-        "id": "QjAyiAGqyZQM"
-      },
-      "outputs": [],
-      "source": [
-        "async def use_proxy():\n",
-        "    async with AsyncWebCrawler(verbose=True, proxy=\"http://your-proxy-url:port\") as crawler:\n",
-        "        result = await crawler.arun(\n",
-        "            url=\"https://www.nbcnews.com/business\",\n",
-        "            bypass_cache=True\n",
-        "        )\n",
-        "        print(result.markdown[:500])  # Print first 500 characters\n",
-        "\n",
-        "# Uncomment the following line to run the proxy example\n",
-        "# await use_proxy()"
-      ]
-    },
-    {
-      "cell_type": "markdown",
-      "metadata": {
-        "id": "XTZ88lbayZQN"
-      },
-      "source": [
-        "### Extracting Structured Data with OpenAI\n",
-        "\n",
-        "Note: You'll need to set your OpenAI API key as an environment variable for this example to work."
-      ]
-    },
-    {
-      "cell_type": "code",
-      "execution_count": 14,
-      "metadata": {
-        "colab": {
-          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/"
-        },
-        "id": "fIOlDayYyZQN",
-        "outputId": "cb8359cc-dee0-4762-9698-5dfdcee055b8"
-      },
-      "outputs": [
-        {
-          "name": "stdout",
-          "output_type": "stream",
-          "text": [
-            "[LOG] 🌤️  Warming up the AsyncWebCrawler\n",
-            "[LOG] 🌞 AsyncWebCrawler is ready to crawl\n",
-            "[LOG] 🕸️ Crawling https://openai.com/api/pricing/ using AsyncPlaywrightCrawlerStrategy...\n",
-            "[LOG] ✅ Crawled https://openai.com/api/pricing/ successfully!\n",
-            "[LOG] 🚀 Crawling done for https://openai.com/api/pricing/, success: True, time taken: 3.77 seconds\n",
-            "[LOG] 🚀 Content extracted for https://openai.com/api/pricing/, success: True, time taken: 0.21 seconds\n",
-            "[LOG] 🔥 Extracting semantic blocks for https://openai.com/api/pricing/, Strategy: AsyncWebCrawler\n",
-            "[LOG] Call LLM for https://openai.com/api/pricing/ - block index: 0\n",
-            "[LOG] Call LLM for https://openai.com/api/pricing/ - block index: 1\n",
-            "[LOG] Call LLM for https://openai.com/api/pricing/ - block index: 2\n",
-            "[LOG] Call LLM for https://openai.com/api/pricing/ - block index: 3\n",
-            "[LOG] Extracted 4 blocks from URL: https://openai.com/api/pricing/ block index: 3\n",
-            "[LOG] Call LLM for https://openai.com/api/pricing/ - block index: 4\n",
-            "[LOG] Extracted 5 blocks from URL: https://openai.com/api/pricing/ block index: 0\n",
-            "[LOG] Extracted 1 blocks from URL: https://openai.com/api/pricing/ block index: 4\n",
-            "[LOG] Extracted 8 blocks from URL: https://openai.com/api/pricing/ block index: 1\n",
-            "[LOG] Extracted 12 blocks from URL: https://openai.com/api/pricing/ block index: 2\n",
-            "[LOG] 🚀 Extraction done for https://openai.com/api/pricing/, time taken: 8.55 seconds.\n",
-            "5029\n"
-          ]
-        }
-      ],
-      "source": [
-        "import os\n",
-        "from google.colab import userdata\n",
-        "os.environ['OPENAI_API_KEY'] = userdata.get('OPENAI_API_KEY')\n",
-        "\n",
-        "class OpenAIModelFee(BaseModel):\n",
-        "    model_name: str = Field(..., description=\"Name of the OpenAI model.\")\n",
-        "    input_fee: str = Field(..., description=\"Fee for input token for the OpenAI model.\")\n",
-        "    output_fee: str = Field(..., description=\"Fee for output token for the OpenAI model.\")\n",
-        "\n",
-        "async def extract_openai_fees():\n",
-        "    async with AsyncWebCrawler(verbose=True) as crawler:\n",
-        "        result = await crawler.arun(\n",
-        "            url='https://openai.com/api/pricing/',\n",
-        "            word_count_threshold=1,\n",
-        "            extraction_strategy=LLMExtractionStrategy(\n",
-        "                provider=\"openai/gpt-4o\", api_token=os.getenv('OPENAI_API_KEY'),\n",
-        "                schema=OpenAIModelFee.schema(),\n",
-        "                extraction_type=\"schema\",\n",
-        "                instruction=\"\"\"From the crawled content, extract all mentioned model names along with their fees for input and output tokens.\n",
-        "                Do not miss any models in the entire content. One extracted model JSON format should look like this:\n",
-        "                {\"model_name\": \"GPT-4\", \"input_fee\": \"US$10.00 / 1M tokens\", \"output_fee\": \"US$30.00 / 1M tokens\"}.\"\"\"\n",
-        "            ),\n",
-        "            bypass_cache=True,\n",
-        "        )\n",
-        "        print(len(result.extracted_content))\n",
-        "\n",
-        "# Uncomment the following line to run the OpenAI extraction example\n",
-        "await extract_openai_fees()"
-      ]
-    },
-    {
-      "cell_type": "markdown",
-      "metadata": {
-        "id": "BypA5YxEyZQN"
-      },
-      "source": [
-        "### Advanced Multi-Page Crawling with JavaScript Execution"
-      ]
-    },
-    {
-      "cell_type": "markdown",
-      "metadata": {
-        "id": "tfkcVQ0b7mw-"
-      },
-      "source": [
-        "## Advanced Multi-Page Crawling with JavaScript Execution\n",
-        "\n",
-        "This example demonstrates Crawl4AI's ability to handle complex crawling scenarios, specifically extracting commits from multiple pages of a GitHub repository. The challenge here is that clicking the \"Next\" button doesn't load a new page, but instead uses asynchronous JavaScript to update the content. This is a common hurdle in modern web crawling.\n",
-        "\n",
-        "To overcome this, we use Crawl4AI's custom JavaScript execution to simulate clicking the \"Next\" button, and implement a custom hook to detect when new data has loaded. Our strategy involves comparing the first commit's text before and after \"clicking\" Next, waiting until it changes to confirm new data has rendered. This showcases Crawl4AI's flexibility in handling dynamic content and its ability to implement custom logic for even the most challenging crawling tasks."
-      ]
-    },
-    {
-      "cell_type": "code",
-      "execution_count": 11,
-      "metadata": {
-        "colab": {
-          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/"
-        },
-        "id": "qUBKGpn3yZQN",
-        "outputId": "3e555b6a-ed33-42f4-cce9-499a923fbe17"
-      },
-      "outputs": [
-        {
-          "name": "stdout",
-          "output_type": "stream",
-          "text": [
-            "[LOG] 🌤️  Warming up the AsyncWebCrawler\n",
-            "[LOG] 🌞 AsyncWebCrawler is ready to crawl\n",
-            "[LOG] 🕸️ Crawling https://github.com/microsoft/TypeScript/commits/main using AsyncPlaywrightCrawlerStrategy...\n",
-            "[LOG] ✅ Crawled https://github.com/microsoft/TypeScript/commits/main successfully!\n",
-            "[LOG] 🚀 Crawling done for https://github.com/microsoft/TypeScript/commits/main, success: True, time taken: 5.16 seconds\n",
-            "[LOG] 🚀 Content extracted for https://github.com/microsoft/TypeScript/commits/main, success: True, time taken: 0.28 seconds\n",
-            "[LOG] 🔥 Extracting semantic blocks for https://github.com/microsoft/TypeScript/commits/main, Strategy: AsyncWebCrawler\n",
-            "[LOG] 🚀 Extraction done for https://github.com/microsoft/TypeScript/commits/main, time taken: 0.28 seconds.\n",
-            "Page 1: Found 35 commits\n",
-            "[LOG] 🕸️ Crawling https://github.com/microsoft/TypeScript/commits/main using AsyncPlaywrightCrawlerStrategy...\n",
-            "[LOG] ✅ Crawled https://github.com/microsoft/TypeScript/commits/main successfully!\n",
-            "[LOG] 🚀 Crawling done for https://github.com/microsoft/TypeScript/commits/main, success: True, time taken: 0.78 seconds\n",
-            "[LOG] 🚀 Content extracted for https://github.com/microsoft/TypeScript/commits/main, success: True, time taken: 0.90 seconds\n",
-            "[LOG] 🔥 Extracting semantic blocks for https://github.com/microsoft/TypeScript/commits/main, Strategy: AsyncWebCrawler\n",
-            "[LOG] 🚀 Extraction done for https://github.com/microsoft/TypeScript/commits/main, time taken: 0.90 seconds.\n",
-            "Page 2: Found 35 commits\n",
-            "[LOG] 🕸️ Crawling https://github.com/microsoft/TypeScript/commits/main using AsyncPlaywrightCrawlerStrategy...\n",
-            "[LOG] ✅ Crawled https://github.com/microsoft/TypeScript/commits/main successfully!\n",
-            "[LOG] 🚀 Crawling done for https://github.com/microsoft/TypeScript/commits/main, success: True, time taken: 2.00 seconds\n",
-            "[LOG] 🚀 Content extracted for https://github.com/microsoft/TypeScript/commits/main, success: True, time taken: 0.74 seconds\n",
-            "[LOG] 🔥 Extracting semantic blocks for https://github.com/microsoft/TypeScript/commits/main, Strategy: AsyncWebCrawler\n",
-            "[LOG] 🚀 Extraction done for https://github.com/microsoft/TypeScript/commits/main, time taken: 0.75 seconds.\n",
-            "Page 3: Found 35 commits\n",
-            "Successfully crawled 105 commits across 3 pages\n"
-          ]
-        }
-      ],
-      "source": [
-        "import re\n",
-        "from bs4 import BeautifulSoup\n",
-        "\n",
-        "async def crawl_typescript_commits():\n",
-        "    first_commit = \"\"\n",
-        "    async def on_execution_started(page):\n",
-        "        nonlocal first_commit\n",
-        "        try:\n",
-        "            while True:\n",
-        "                await page.wait_for_selector('li.Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 h4')\n",
-        "                commit = await page.query_selector('li.Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 h4')\n",
-        "                commit = await commit.evaluate('(element) => element.textContent')\n",
-        "                commit = re.sub(r'\\s+', '', commit)\n",
-        "                if commit and commit != first_commit:\n",
-        "                    first_commit = commit\n",
-        "                    break\n",
-        "                await asyncio.sleep(0.5)\n",
-        "        except Exception as e:\n",
-        "            print(f\"Warning: New content didn't appear after JavaScript execution: {e}\")\n",
-        "\n",
-        "    async with AsyncWebCrawler(verbose=True) as crawler:\n",
-        "        crawler.crawler_strategy.set_hook('on_execution_started', on_execution_started)\n",
-        "\n",
-        "        url = \"https://github.com/microsoft/TypeScript/commits/main\"\n",
-        "        session_id = \"typescript_commits_session\"\n",
-        "        all_commits = []\n",
-        "\n",
-        "        js_next_page = \"\"\"\n",
-        "        const button = document.querySelector('a[data-testid=\"pagination-next-button\"]');\n",
-        "        if (button) button.click();\n",
-        "        \"\"\"\n",
-        "\n",
-        "        for page in range(3):  # Crawl 3 pages\n",
-        "            result = await crawler.arun(\n",
-        "                url=url,\n",
-        "                session_id=session_id,\n",
-        "                css_selector=\"li.Box-sc-g0xbh4-0\",\n",
-        "                js=js_next_page if page > 0 else None,\n",
-        "                bypass_cache=True,\n",
-        "                js_only=page > 0\n",
-        "            )\n",
-        "\n",
-        "            assert result.success, f\"Failed to crawl page {page + 1}\"\n",
-        "\n",
-        "            soup = BeautifulSoup(result.cleaned_html, 'html.parser')\n",
-        "            commits = soup.select(\"li\")\n",
-        "            all_commits.extend(commits)\n",
-        "\n",
-        "            print(f\"Page {page + 1}: Found {len(commits)} commits\")\n",
-        "\n",
-        "        await crawler.crawler_strategy.kill_session(session_id)\n",
-        "        print(f\"Successfully crawled {len(all_commits)} commits across 3 pages\")\n",
-        "\n",
-        "await crawl_typescript_commits()"
-      ]
-    },
-    {
-      "cell_type": "markdown",
-      "metadata": {
-        "id": "EJRnYsp6yZQN"
-      },
-      "source": [
-        "### Using JsonCssExtractionStrategy for Fast Structured Output"
-      ]
-    },
-    {
-      "cell_type": "markdown",
-      "metadata": {
-        "id": "1ZMqIzB_8SYp"
-      },
-      "source": [
-        "The JsonCssExtractionStrategy is a powerful feature of Crawl4AI that allows for precise, structured data extraction from web pages. Here's how it works:\n",
-        "\n",
-        "1. You define a schema that describes the pattern of data you're interested in extracting.\n",
-        "2. The schema includes a base selector that identifies repeating elements on the page.\n",
-        "3. Within the schema, you define fields, each with its own selector and type.\n",
-        "4. These field selectors are applied within the context of each base selector element.\n",
-        "5. The strategy supports nested structures, lists within lists, and various data types.\n",
-        "6. You can even include computed fields for more complex data manipulation.\n",
-        "\n",
-        "This approach allows for highly flexible and precise data extraction, transforming semi-structured web content into clean, structured JSON data. It's particularly useful for extracting consistent data patterns from pages like product listings, news articles, or search results.\n",
-        "\n",
-        "For more details and advanced usage, check out the full documentation on the Crawl4AI website."
-      ]
-    },
-    {
-      "cell_type": "code",
-      "execution_count": 12,
-      "metadata": {
-        "colab": {
-          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/"
-        },
-        "id": "trCMR2T9yZQN",
-        "outputId": "718d36f4-cccf-40f4-8d8c-c3ba73524d16"
-      },
-      "outputs": [
-        {
-          "name": "stdout",
-          "output_type": "stream",
-          "text": [
-            "[LOG] 🌤️  Warming up the AsyncWebCrawler\n",
-            "[LOG] 🌞 AsyncWebCrawler is ready to crawl\n",
-            "[LOG] 🕸️ Crawling https://www.nbcnews.com/business using AsyncPlaywrightCrawlerStrategy...\n",
-            "[LOG] ✅ Crawled https://www.nbcnews.com/business successfully!\n",
-            "[LOG] 🚀 Crawling done for https://www.nbcnews.com/business, success: True, time taken: 7.00 seconds\n",
-            "[LOG] 🚀 Content extracted for https://www.nbcnews.com/business, success: True, time taken: 0.32 seconds\n",
-            "[LOG] 🔥 Extracting semantic blocks for https://www.nbcnews.com/business, Strategy: AsyncWebCrawler\n",
-            "[LOG] 🚀 Extraction done for https://www.nbcnews.com/business, time taken: 0.48 seconds.\n",
-            "Successfully extracted 11 news teasers\n",
-            "{\n",
-            "  \"category\": \"Business News\",\n",
-            "  \"headline\": \"NBC ripped up its Olympics playbook for 2024 \\u2014 so far, the new strategy paid off\",\n",
-            "  \"summary\": \"The Olympics have long been key to NBCUniversal. Paris marked the 18th Olympic Games broadcast by NBC in the U.S.\",\n",
-            "  \"time\": \"13h ago\",\n",
-            "  \"image\": {\n",
-            "    \"src\": \"https://media-cldnry.s-nbcnews.com/image/upload/t_focal-200x100,f_auto,q_auto:best/rockcms/2024-09/240903-nbc-olympics-ch-1344-c7a486.jpg\",\n",
-            "    \"alt\": \"Mike Tirico.\"\n",
-            "  },\n",
-            "  \"link\": \"https://www.nbcnews.com/business\"\n",
-            "}\n"
-          ]
-        }
-      ],
-      "source": [
-        "async def extract_news_teasers():\n",
-        "    schema = {\n",
-        "        \"name\": \"News Teaser Extractor\",\n",
-        "        \"baseSelector\": \".wide-tease-item__wrapper\",\n",
-        "        \"fields\": [\n",
-        "            {\n",
-        "                \"name\": \"category\",\n",
-        "                \"selector\": \".unibrow span[data-testid='unibrow-text']\",\n",
-        "                \"type\": \"text\",\n",
-        "            },\n",
-        "            {\n",
-        "                \"name\": \"headline\",\n",
-        "                \"selector\": \".wide-tease-item__headline\",\n",
-        "                \"type\": \"text\",\n",
-        "            },\n",
-        "            {\n",
-        "                \"name\": \"summary\",\n",
-        "                \"selector\": \".wide-tease-item__description\",\n",
-        "                \"type\": \"text\",\n",
-        "            },\n",
-        "            {\n",
-        "                \"name\": \"time\",\n",
-        "                \"selector\": \"[data-testid='wide-tease-date']\",\n",
-        "                \"type\": \"text\",\n",
-        "            },\n",
-        "            {\n",
-        "                \"name\": \"image\",\n",
-        "                \"type\": \"nested\",\n",
-        "                \"selector\": \"picture.teasePicture img\",\n",
-        "                \"fields\": [\n",
-        "                    {\"name\": \"src\", \"type\": \"attribute\", \"attribute\": \"src\"},\n",
-        "                    {\"name\": \"alt\", \"type\": \"attribute\", \"attribute\": \"alt\"},\n",
-        "                ],\n",
-        "            },\n",
-        "            {\n",
-        "                \"name\": \"link\",\n",
-        "                \"selector\": \"a[href]\",\n",
-        "                \"type\": \"attribute\",\n",
-        "                \"attribute\": \"href\",\n",
-        "            },\n",
-        "        ],\n",
-        "    }\n",
-        "\n",
-        "    extraction_strategy = JsonCssExtractionStrategy(schema, verbose=True)\n",
-        "\n",
-        "    async with AsyncWebCrawler(verbose=True) as crawler:\n",
-        "        result = await crawler.arun(\n",
-        "            url=\"https://www.nbcnews.com/business\",\n",
-        "            extraction_strategy=extraction_strategy,\n",
-        "            bypass_cache=True,\n",
-        "        )\n",
-        "\n",
-        "        assert result.success, \"Failed to crawl the page\"\n",
-        "\n",
-        "        news_teasers = json.loads(result.extracted_content)\n",
-        "        print(f\"Successfully extracted {len(news_teasers)} news teasers\")\n",
-        "        print(json.dumps(news_teasers[0], indent=2))\n",
-        "\n",
-        "await extract_news_teasers()"
-      ]
-    },
-    {
-      "cell_type": "markdown",
-      "metadata": {
-        "id": "FnyVhJaByZQN"
-      },
-      "source": [
-        "## Speed Comparison\n",
-        "\n",
-        "Let's compare the speed of Crawl4AI with Firecrawl, a paid service. Note that we can't run Firecrawl in this Colab environment, so we'll simulate its performance based on previously recorded data."
-      ]
-    },
-    {
-      "cell_type": "markdown",
-      "metadata": {
-        "id": "agDD186f3wig"
-      },
-      "source": [
-        "💡 **Note on Speed Comparison:**\n",
-        "\n",
-        "The speed test conducted here is running on Google Colab, where the internet speed and performance can vary and may not reflect optimal conditions. When we call Firecrawl's API, we're seeing its best performance, while Crawl4AI's performance is limited by Colab's network speed.\n",
-        "\n",
-        "For a more accurate comparison, it's recommended to run these tests on your own servers or computers with a stable and fast internet connection. Despite these limitations, Crawl4AI still demonstrates faster performance in this environment.\n",
-        "\n",
-        "If you run these tests locally, you may observe an even more significant speed advantage for Crawl4AI compared to other services."
-      ]
-    },
-    {
-      "cell_type": "code",
-      "execution_count": null,
-      "metadata": {
-        "id": "F7KwHv8G1LbY"
-      },
-      "outputs": [],
-      "source": [
-        "!pip install firecrawl"
-      ]
-    },
-    {
-      "cell_type": "code",
-      "execution_count": 4,
-      "metadata": {
-        "colab": {
-          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/"
-        },
-        "id": "91813zILyZQN",
-        "outputId": "663223db-ab89-4976-b233-05ceca62b19b"
-      },
-      "outputs": [
-        {
-          "name": "stdout",
-          "output_type": "stream",
-          "text": [
-            "Firecrawl (simulated):\n",
-            "Time taken: 4.38 seconds\n",
-            "Content length: 41967 characters\n",
-            "Images found: 49\n",
-            "\n",
-            "Crawl4AI (simple crawl):\n",
-            "Time taken: 4.22 seconds\n",
-            "Content length: 18221 characters\n",
-            "Images found: 49\n",
-            "\n",
-            "Crawl4AI (with JavaScript execution):\n",
-            "Time taken: 9.13 seconds\n",
-            "Content length: 34243 characters\n",
-            "Images found: 89\n"
-          ]
-        }
-      ],
-      "source": [
-        "import os\n",
-        "from google.colab import userdata\n",
-        "os.environ['FIRECRAWL_API_KEY'] = userdata.get('FIRECRAWL_API_KEY')\n",
-        "import time\n",
-        "from firecrawl import FirecrawlApp\n",
-        "\n",
-        "async def speed_comparison():\n",
-        "    # Simulated Firecrawl performance\n",
-        "    app = FirecrawlApp(api_key=os.environ['FIRECRAWL_API_KEY'])\n",
-        "    start = time.time()\n",
-        "    scrape_status = app.scrape_url(\n",
-        "    'https://www.nbcnews.com/business',\n",
-        "    params={'formats': ['markdown', 'html']}\n",
-        "    )\n",
-        "    end = time.time()\n",
-        "    print(\"Firecrawl (simulated):\")\n",
-        "    print(f\"Time taken: {end - start:.2f} seconds\")\n",
-        "    print(f\"Content length: {len(scrape_status['markdown'])} characters\")\n",
-        "    print(f\"Images found: {scrape_status['markdown'].count('cldnry.s-nbcnews.com')}\")\n",
-        "    print()\n",
-        "\n",
-        "    async with AsyncWebCrawler() as crawler:\n",
-        "        # Crawl4AI simple crawl\n",
-        "        start = time.time()\n",
-        "        result = await crawler.arun(\n",
-        "            url=\"https://www.nbcnews.com/business\",\n",
-        "            word_count_threshold=0,\n",
-        "            bypass_cache=True,\n",
-        "            verbose=False\n",
-        "        )\n",
-        "        end = time.time()\n",
-        "        print(\"Crawl4AI (simple crawl):\")\n",
-        "        print(f\"Time taken: {end - start:.2f} seconds\")\n",
-        "        print(f\"Content length: {len(result.markdown)} characters\")\n",
-        "        print(f\"Images found: {result.markdown.count('cldnry.s-nbcnews.com')}\")\n",
-        "        print()\n",
-        "\n",
-        "        # Crawl4AI with JavaScript execution\n",
-        "        start = time.time()\n",
-        "        result = await crawler.arun(\n",
-        "            url=\"https://www.nbcnews.com/business\",\n",
-        "            js_code=[\"const loadMoreButton = Array.from(document.querySelectorAll('button')).find(button => button.textContent.includes('Load More')); loadMoreButton && loadMoreButton.click();\"],\n",
-        "            word_count_threshold=0,\n",
-        "            bypass_cache=True,\n",
-        "            verbose=False\n",
-        "        )\n",
-        "        end = time.time()\n",
-        "        print(\"Crawl4AI (with JavaScript execution):\")\n",
-        "        print(f\"Time taken: {end - start:.2f} seconds\")\n",
-        "        print(f\"Content length: {len(result.markdown)} characters\")\n",
-        "        print(f\"Images found: {result.markdown.count('cldnry.s-nbcnews.com')}\")\n",
-        "\n",
-        "await speed_comparison()"
-      ]
-    },
-    {
-      "cell_type": "markdown",
-      "metadata": {
-        "id": "OBFFYVJIyZQN"
-      },
-      "source": [
-        "If you run on a local machine with a proper internet speed:\n",
-        "- Simple crawl: Crawl4AI is typically over 3-4 times faster than Firecrawl.\n",
-        "- With JavaScript execution: Even when executing JavaScript to load more content (potentially doubling the number of images found), Crawl4AI is still faster than Firecrawl's simple crawl.\n",
-        "\n",
-        "Please note that actual performance may vary depending on network conditions and the specific content being crawled."
-      ]
-    },
-    {
-      "cell_type": "markdown",
-      "metadata": {
-        "id": "A6_1RK1_yZQO"
-      },
-      "source": [
-        "## Conclusion\n",
-        "\n",
-        "In this notebook, we've explored the powerful features of Crawl4AI, including:\n",
-        "\n",
-        "1. Basic crawling\n",
-        "2. JavaScript execution and CSS selector usage\n",
-        "3. Proxy support\n",
-        "4. Structured data extraction with OpenAI\n",
-        "5. Advanced multi-page crawling with JavaScript execution\n",
-        "6. Fast structured output using JsonCssExtractionStrategy\n",
-        "7. Speed comparison with other services\n",
-        "\n",
-        "Crawl4AI offers a fast, flexible, and powerful solution for web crawling and data extraction tasks. Its asynchronous architecture and advanced features make it suitable for a wide range of applications, from simple web scraping to complex, multi-page data extraction scenarios.\n",
-        "\n",
-        "For more information and advanced usage, please visit the [Crawl4AI documentation](https://docs.crawl4ai.com/).\n",
-        "\n",
-        "Happy crawling!"
-      ]
-    }
-  ],
-  "metadata": {
-    "colab": {
-      "provenance": []
-    },
-    "kernelspec": {
-      "display_name": "venv",
-      "language": "python",
-      "name": "python3"
-    },
-    "language_info": {
-      "codemirror_mode": {
-        "name": "ipython",
-        "version": 3
-      },
-      "file_extension": ".py",
-      "mimetype": "text/x-python",
-      "name": "python",
-      "nbconvert_exporter": "python",
-      "pygments_lexer": "ipython3",
-      "version": "3.10.13"
-    }
-  },
-  "nbformat": 4,
-  "nbformat_minor": 0
-}

docs/examples/tutorial_v0.5.py

@@ -13,11 +13,11 @@ from crawl4ai.deep_crawling import (
 )
 from crawl4ai.deep_crawling.scorers import KeywordRelevanceScorer
 from crawl4ai.async_crawler_strategy import AsyncHTTPCrawlerStrategy
-from crawl4ai.configs import ProxyConfig
+from crawl4ai.proxy_strategy import ProxyConfig
 from crawl4ai import RoundRobinProxyStrategy
 from crawl4ai.content_filter_strategy import LLMContentFilter
 from crawl4ai import DefaultMarkdownGenerator
-from crawl4ai.types import LLMConfig
+from crawl4ai import LLMConfig
 from crawl4ai.extraction_strategy import JsonCssExtractionStrategy
 from crawl4ai.processors.pdf import PDFCrawlerStrategy, PDFContentScrapingStrategy
 from pprint import pprint

docs/md_v2/api/parameters.md

@@ -71,7 +71,8 @@ We group them by category.
 | **`word_count_threshold`**   | `int` (default: ~200)                | Skips text blocks below X words. Helps ignore trivial sections.                                 |
 | **`extraction_strategy`**    | `ExtractionStrategy` (default: None) | If set, extracts structured data (CSS-based, LLM-based, etc.).                                  |
 | **`markdown_generator`**     | `MarkdownGenerationStrategy` (None)  | If you want specialized markdown output (citations, filtering, chunking, etc.).                 |
-| **`css_selector`**           | `str` (None)                         | Retains only the part of the page matching this selector.                                       |
+| **`css_selector`**           | `str` (None)                         | Retains only the part of the page matching this selector. Affects the entire extraction process. |
+| **`target_elements`**        | `List[str]` (None)                   | List of CSS selectors for elements to focus on for markdown generation and data extraction, while still processing the entire page for links, media, etc. Provides more flexibility than `css_selector`. |
 | **`excluded_tags`**          | `list` (None)                        | Removes entire tags (e.g. `["script", "style"]`).                                               |
 | **`excluded_selector`**      | `str` (None)                         | Like `css_selector` but to exclude. E.g. `"#ads, .tracker"`.                                    |
 | **`only_text`**              | `bool` (False)                       | If `True`, tries to extract text-only content.                                                  |

docs/md_v2/api/strategies.md

@@ -131,7 +131,7 @@ OverlappingWindowChunking(
 ```python
 from pydantic import BaseModel
 from crawl4ai.extraction_strategy import LLMExtractionStrategy
-from crawl4ai.types import LLMConfig
+from crawl4ai import LLMConfig
 
 # Define schema
 class Article(BaseModel):
@@ -198,7 +198,7 @@ result = await crawler.arun(
 
 ```python
 from crawl4ai.chunking_strategy import OverlappingWindowChunking
-from crawl4ai.types import LLMConfig
+from crawl4ai import LLMConfig
 
 # Create chunking strategy
 chunker = OverlappingWindowChunking(

docs/md_v2/blog/releases/0.5.0.md

@@ -251,7 +251,7 @@ from crawl4ai import (
     RoundRobinProxyStrategy,
 )
 import asyncio
-from crawl4ai.configs import ProxyConfig
+from crawl4ai.proxy_strategy import ProxyConfig
 async def main():
     # Load proxies and create rotation strategy
     proxies = ProxyConfig.from_env()
@@ -305,7 +305,7 @@ asyncio.run(main())
 ```python
 from crawl4ai import AsyncWebCrawler, CrawlerRunConfig, DefaultMarkdownGenerator
 from crawl4ai.content_filter_strategy import LLMContentFilter
-from crawl4ai.types import LLMConfig
+from crawl4ai import LLMConfig
 import asyncio
 
 llm_config = LLMConfig(provider="gemini/gemini-1.5-pro", api_token="env:GEMINI_API_KEY")
@@ -335,7 +335,7 @@ asyncio.run(main())
 
 ```python
 from crawl4ai.extraction_strategy import JsonCssExtractionStrategy
-from crawl4ai.types import LLMConfig
+from crawl4ai import LLMConfig
 
 llm_config = LLMConfig(provider="gemini/gemini-1.5-pro", api_token="env:GEMINI_API_KEY")
 
@@ -401,7 +401,7 @@ print(schema)
   experimentation between different LLM configurations.
 
   ```python
-  from crawl4ai.types import LLMConfig
+  from crawl4ai import LLMConfig
   from crawl4ai.extraction_strategy import LLMExtractionStrategy
   from crawl4ai import AsyncWebCrawler, CrawlerRunConfig
 

docs/md_v2/core/content-selection.md

@@ -8,6 +8,10 @@ Below, we show how to configure these parameters and combine them for precise co
 
 ## 1. CSS-Based Selection
 
+There are two ways to select content from a page: using `css_selector` or the more flexible `target_elements`.
+
+### 1.1 Using `css_selector`
+
 A straightforward way to **limit** your crawl results to a certain region of the page is **`css_selector`** in **`CrawlerRunConfig`**:
 
 ```python
@@ -32,6 +36,33 @@ if __name__ == "__main__":
 
 **Result**: Only elements matching that selector remain in `result.cleaned_html`.
 
+### 1.2 Using `target_elements`
+
+The `target_elements` parameter provides more flexibility by allowing you to target **multiple elements** for content extraction while preserving the entire page context for other features:
+
+```python
+import asyncio
+from crawl4ai import AsyncWebCrawler, CrawlerRunConfig
+
+async def main():
+    config = CrawlerRunConfig(
+        # Target article body and sidebar, but not other content
+        target_elements=["article.main-content", "aside.sidebar"]
+    )
+    async with AsyncWebCrawler() as crawler:
+        result = await crawler.arun(
+            url="https://example.com/blog-post", 
+            config=config
+        )
+        print("Markdown focused on target elements")
+        print("Links from entire page still available:", len(result.links.get("internal", [])))
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    asyncio.run(main())
+```
+
+**Key difference**: With `target_elements`, the markdown generation and structural data extraction focus on those elements, but other page elements (like links, images, and tables) are still extracted from the entire page. This gives you fine-grained control over what appears in your markdown content while preserving full page context for link analysis and media collection.
+
 ---
 
 ## 2. Content Filtering & Exclusions
@@ -404,15 +435,59 @@ Stick to BeautifulSoup strategy (default) when:
 
 ---
 
-## 7. Conclusion
+## 7. Combining CSS Selection Methods
 
-By mixing **css_selector** scoping, **content filtering** parameters, and advanced **extraction strategies**, you can precisely **choose** which data to keep. Key parameters in **`CrawlerRunConfig`** for content selection include:
+You can combine `css_selector` and `target_elements` in powerful ways to achieve fine-grained control over your output:
 
-1. **`css_selector`** – Basic scoping to an element or region.  
-2. **`word_count_threshold`** – Skip short blocks.  
-3. **`excluded_tags`** – Remove entire HTML tags.  
-4. **`exclude_external_links`**, **`exclude_social_media_links`**, **`exclude_domains`** – Filter out unwanted links or domains.  
-5. **`exclude_external_images`** – Remove images from external sources.  
-6. **`process_iframes`** – Merge iframe content if needed.  
+```python
+import asyncio
+from crawl4ai import AsyncWebCrawler, CrawlerRunConfig, CacheMode
+
+async def main():
+    # Target specific content but preserve page context
+    config = CrawlerRunConfig(
+        # Focus markdown on main content and sidebar
+        target_elements=["#main-content", ".sidebar"],
+        
+        # Global filters applied to entire page
+        excluded_tags=["nav", "footer", "header"],
+        exclude_external_links=True,
+        
+        # Use basic content thresholds
+        word_count_threshold=15,
+        
+        cache_mode=CacheMode.BYPASS
+    )
+    
+    async with AsyncWebCrawler() as crawler:
+        result = await crawler.arun(
+            url="https://example.com/article",
+            config=config
+        )
+        
+        print(f"Content focuses on specific elements, but all links still analyzed")
+        print(f"Internal links: {len(result.links.get('internal', []))}")
+        print(f"External links: {len(result.links.get('external', []))}")
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    asyncio.run(main())
+```
+
+This approach gives you the best of both worlds:
+- Markdown generation and content extraction focus on the elements you care about
+- Links, images and other page data still give you the full context of the page
+- Content filtering still applies globally
+
+## 8. Conclusion
+
+By mixing **target_elements** or **css_selector** scoping, **content filtering** parameters, and advanced **extraction strategies**, you can precisely **choose** which data to keep. Key parameters in **`CrawlerRunConfig`** for content selection include:
+
+1. **`target_elements`** – Array of CSS selectors to focus markdown generation and data extraction, while preserving full page context for links and media.
+2. **`css_selector`** – Basic scoping to an element or region for all extraction processes.  
+3. **`word_count_threshold`** – Skip short blocks.  
+4. **`excluded_tags`** – Remove entire HTML tags.  
+5. **`exclude_external_links`**, **`exclude_social_media_links`**, **`exclude_domains`** – Filter out unwanted links or domains.  
+6. **`exclude_external_images`** – Remove images from external sources.  
+7. **`process_iframes`** – Merge iframe content if needed.  
 
 Combine these with structured extraction (CSS, LLM-based, or others) to build powerful crawls that yield exactly the content you want, from raw or cleaned HTML up to sophisticated JSON structures. For more detail, see [Configuration Reference](../api/parameters.md). Enjoy curating your data to the max!

docs/md_v2/core/link-media.md

@@ -133,19 +133,28 @@ This approach is handy when you still want external links but need to block cert
 
 ### 3.1 Accessing `result.media`
 
-By default, Crawl4AI collects images, audio, and video URLs it finds on the page. These are stored in `result.media`, a dictionary keyed by media type (e.g., `images`, `videos`, `audio`).
+By default, Crawl4AI collects images, audio, video URLs, and data tables it finds on the page. These are stored in `result.media`, a dictionary keyed by media type (e.g., `images`, `videos`, `audio`, `tables`).
 
 **Basic Example**:
 
 ```python
 if result.success:
+    # Get images
     images_info = result.media.get("images", [])
     print(f"Found {len(images_info)} images in total.")
-    for i, img in enumerate(images_info[:5]):  # Inspect just the first 5
+    for i, img in enumerate(images_info[:3]):  # Inspect just the first 3
         print(f"[Image {i}] URL: {img['src']}")
         print(f"           Alt text: {img.get('alt', '')}")
         print(f"           Score: {img.get('score')}")
         print(f"           Description: {img.get('desc', '')}\n")
+    
+    # Get tables
+    tables = result.media.get("tables", [])
+    print(f"Found {len(tables)} data tables in total.")
+    for i, table in enumerate(tables):
+        print(f"[Table {i}] Caption: {table.get('caption', 'No caption')}")
+        print(f"           Columns: {len(table.get('headers', []))}")
+        print(f"           Rows: {len(table.get('rows', []))}")
 ```
 
 **Structure Example**:
@@ -171,6 +180,19 @@ result.media = {
   ],
   "audio": [
     # Similar structure but with audio-specific fields
+  ],
+  "tables": [
+    {
+      "headers": ["Name", "Age", "Location"],
+      "rows": [
+        ["John Doe", "34", "New York"],
+        ["Jane Smith", "28", "San Francisco"],
+        ["Alex Johnson", "42", "Chicago"]
+      ],
+      "caption": "Employee Directory",
+      "summary": "Directory of company employees"
+    },
+    # More tables if present
   ]
 }
 ```
@@ -199,7 +221,53 @@ crawler_cfg = CrawlerRunConfig(
 
 This setting attempts to discard images from outside the primary domain, keeping only those from the site you’re crawling.
 
-### 3.3 Additional Media Config
+### 3.3 Working with Tables
+
+Crawl4AI can detect and extract structured data from HTML tables. Tables are analyzed based on various criteria to determine if they are actual data tables (as opposed to layout tables), including:
+
+- Presence of thead and tbody sections
+- Use of th elements for headers
+- Column consistency
+- Text density
+- And other factors
+
+Tables that score above the threshold (default: 7) are extracted and stored in `result.media.tables`.
+
+**Accessing Table Data**:
+
+```python
+if result.success:
+    tables = result.media.get("tables", [])
+    print(f"Found {len(tables)} data tables on the page")
+    
+    if tables:
+        # Access the first table
+        first_table = tables[0]
+        print(f"Table caption: {first_table.get('caption', 'No caption')}")
+        print(f"Headers: {first_table.get('headers', [])}")
+        
+        # Print the first 3 rows
+        for i, row in enumerate(first_table.get('rows', [])[:3]):
+            print(f"Row {i+1}: {row}")
+```
+
+**Configuring Table Extraction**:
+
+You can adjust the sensitivity of the table detection algorithm with:
+
+```python
+crawler_cfg = CrawlerRunConfig(
+    table_score_threshold=5  # Lower value = more tables detected (default: 7)
+)
+```
+
+Each extracted table contains:
+- `headers`: Column header names
+- `rows`: List of rows, each containing cell values
+- `caption`: Table caption text (if available)
+- `summary`: Table summary attribute (if specified)
+
+### 3.4 Additional Media Config
 
 - **`screenshot`**: Set to `True` if you want a full-page screenshot stored as `base64` in `result.screenshot`.  
 - **`pdf`**: Set to `True` if you want a PDF version of the page in `result.pdf`.  
@@ -273,4 +341,11 @@ if __name__ == "__main__":
 
 ---
 
-**That’s it for Link & Media Analysis!** You’re now equipped to filter out unwanted sites and zero in on the images and videos that matter for your project.
+**That’s it for Link & Media Analysis!** You’re now equipped to filter out unwanted sites and zero in on the images and videos that matter for your project.
+### Table Extraction Tips
+
+- Not all HTML tables are extracted - only those detected as "data tables" vs. layout tables.
+- Tables with inconsistent cell counts, nested tables, or those used purely for layout may be skipped.
+- If you're missing tables, try adjusting the `table_score_threshold` to a lower value (default is 7).
+
+The table detection algorithm scores tables based on features like consistent columns, presence of headers, text density, and more. Tables scoring above the threshold are considered data tables worth extracting.

docs/md_v2/core/quickstart.md

@@ -128,7 +128,7 @@ Crawl4AI can also extract structured data (JSON) using CSS or XPath selectors. B
 
 ```python
 from crawl4ai.extraction_strategy import JsonCssExtractionStrategy
-from crawl4ai.types import LLMConfig
+from crawl4ai import LLMConfig
 
 # Generate a schema (one-time cost)
 html = "<div class='product'><h2>Gaming Laptop</h2><span class='price'>$999.99</span></div>"

docs/md_v2/extraction/no-llm-strategies.md

@@ -415,7 +415,7 @@ The schema generator is available as a static method on both `JsonCssExtractionS
 
 ```python
 from crawl4ai.extraction_strategy import JsonCssExtractionStrategy, JsonXPathExtractionStrategy
-from crawl4ai.types import LLMConfig
+from crawl4ai import LLMConfig
 
 # Sample HTML with product information
 html = """

docs/snippets/deep_crawl/2.filters.py

@@ -0,0 +1,162 @@
+import asyncio
+from typing import List
+
+from crawl4ai import (
+    AsyncWebCrawler,
+    CrawlerRunConfig,
+    BFSDeepCrawlStrategy,
+    CrawlResult,
+    URLFilter, # Base class for filters, not directly used in examples but good to import for context
+    ContentTypeFilter,
+    DomainFilter,
+    FilterChain,
+    URLPatternFilter,
+    SEOFilter # Advanced filter, can be introduced later or as bonus
+)
+
+async def deep_crawl_filter_tutorial_part_2():
+    """
+    Tutorial demonstrating URL filters in Crawl4AI, focusing on isolated filter behavior
+    before integrating them into a deep crawl.
+
+    This tutorial covers:
+    - Testing individual filters with synthetic URLs.
+    - Understanding filter logic and behavior in isolation.
+    - Combining filters using FilterChain.
+    - Integrating filters into a deep crawling example.
+    """
+
+    # === Introduction: URL Filters in Isolation ===
+    print("\n" + "=" * 40)
+    print("=== Introduction: URL Filters in Isolation ===")
+    print("=" * 40 + "\n")
+    print("In this section, we will explore each filter individually using synthetic URLs.")
+    print("This allows us to understand exactly how each filter works before using them in a crawl.\n")
+
+
+    # === 2. ContentTypeFilter - Testing in Isolation ===
+    print("\n" + "=" * 40)
+    print("=== 2. ContentTypeFilter - Testing in Isolation ===")
+    print("=" * 40 + "\n")
+
+    # 2.1. Create ContentTypeFilter:
+    # Create a ContentTypeFilter to allow only 'text/html' and 'application/json' content types 
+    # BASED ON URL EXTENSIONS.
+    content_type_filter = ContentTypeFilter(allowed_types=["text/html", "application/json"])
+    print("ContentTypeFilter created, allowing types (by extension): ['text/html', 'application/json']")
+    print("Note: ContentTypeFilter in Crawl4ai works by checking URL file extensions, not HTTP headers.")
+
+
+    # 2.2. Synthetic URLs for Testing:
+    # ContentTypeFilter checks URL extensions. We provide URLs with different extensions to test.
+    test_urls_content_type = [
+        "https://example.com/page.html",       # Should pass: .html extension (text/html)
+        "https://example.com/data.json",       # Should pass: .json extension (application/json)
+        "https://example.com/image.png",       # Should reject: .png extension (not allowed type)
+        "https://example.com/document.pdf",    # Should reject: .pdf extension (not allowed type)
+        "https://example.com/page",            # Should pass: no extension (defaults to allow) - check default behaviour!
+        "https://example.com/page.xhtml",      # Should pass: .xhtml extension (text/html)
+    ]
+
+    # 2.3. Apply Filter and Show Results:
+    print("\n=== Testing ContentTypeFilter (URL Extension based) ===")
+    for url in test_urls_content_type:
+        passed = content_type_filter.apply(url)
+        result = "PASSED" if passed else "REJECTED"
+        extension = ContentTypeFilter._extract_extension(url) # Show extracted extension for clarity
+        print(f"- URL: {url} - {result} (Extension: '{extension or 'No Extension'}')")
+    print("=" * 40)
+
+    input("Press Enter to continue to DomainFilter example...")
+
+    # === 3. DomainFilter - Testing in Isolation ===
+    print("\n" + "=" * 40)
+    print("=== 3. DomainFilter - Testing in Isolation ===")
+    print("=" * 40 + "\n")
+
+    # 3.1. Create DomainFilter:
+    domain_filter = DomainFilter(allowed_domains=["crawl4ai.com", "example.com"])
+    print("DomainFilter created, allowing domains: ['crawl4ai.com', 'example.com']")
+
+    # 3.2. Synthetic URLs for Testing:
+    test_urls_domain = [
+        "https://docs.crawl4ai.com/api",
+        "https://example.com/products",
+        "https://another-website.org/blog",
+        "https://sub.example.com/about",
+        "https://crawl4ai.com.attacker.net", # Corrected example: now should be rejected
+    ]
+
+    # 3.3. Apply Filter and Show Results:
+    print("\n=== Testing DomainFilter ===")
+    for url in test_urls_domain:
+        passed = domain_filter.apply(url)
+        result = "PASSED" if passed else "REJECTED"
+        print(f"- URL: {url} - {result}")
+    print("=" * 40)
+
+    input("Press Enter to continue to FilterChain example...")
+
+    # === 4. FilterChain - Combining Filters ===
+    print("\n" + "=" * 40)
+    print("=== 4. FilterChain - Combining Filters ===")
+    print("=" * 40 + "\n")
+
+    combined_filter = FilterChain(
+        filters=[
+            URLPatternFilter(patterns=["*api*"]),
+            ContentTypeFilter(allowed_types=["text/html"]), # Still URL extension based
+            DomainFilter(allowed_domains=["docs.crawl4ai.com"]),
+        ]
+    )
+    print("FilterChain created, combining URLPatternFilter, ContentTypeFilter, and DomainFilter.")
+
+
+    test_urls_combined = [
+        "https://docs.crawl4ai.com/api/async-webcrawler",
+        "https://example.com/api/products",
+        "https://docs.crawl4ai.com/core/crawling",
+        "https://another-website.org/api/data",
+    ]
+
+    # 4.3. Apply FilterChain and Show Results
+    print("\n=== Testing FilterChain (URLPatternFilter + ContentTypeFilter + DomainFilter) ===")
+    for url in test_urls_combined:
+        passed = await combined_filter.apply(url)
+        result = "PASSED" if passed else "REJECTED"
+        print(f"- URL: {url} - {result}")
+    print("=" * 40)
+
+    input("Press Enter to continue to Deep Crawl with FilterChain example...")
+
+    # === 5. Deep Crawl with FilterChain ===
+    print("\n" + "=" * 40)
+    print("=== 5. Deep Crawl with FilterChain ===")
+    print("=" * 40 + "\n")
+    print("Finally, let's integrate the FilterChain into a deep crawl example.")
+
+    config_final_crawl = CrawlerRunConfig(
+        deep_crawl_strategy=BFSDeepCrawlStrategy(
+            max_depth=2,
+            max_pages=10,
+            include_external=False,
+            filter_chain=combined_filter
+        ),
+        verbose=False,
+    )
+
+    async with AsyncWebCrawler() as crawler:
+        results_final_crawl: List[CrawlResult] = await crawler.arun(
+            url="https://docs.crawl4ai.com", config=config_final_crawl
+        )
+
+        print("=== Crawled URLs (Deep Crawl with FilterChain) ===")
+        for result in results_final_crawl:
+            print(f"- {result.url}, Depth: {result.metadata.get('depth', 0)}")
+        print("=" * 40)
+
+    print("\nTutorial Completed! Review the output of each section to understand URL filters.")
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    asyncio.run(deep_crawl_filter_tutorial_part_2())

pyproject.toml

@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ dependencies = [
     "pyperclip>=1.8.2",
     "faust-cchardet>=2.1.19",
     "aiohttp>=3.11.11",
-    "humanize>=4.10.0"
+    "humanize>=4.10.0",
 ]
 classifiers = [
     "Development Status :: 4 - Beta",

tests/20241401/test_llm_filter.py

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 import os
 import asyncio
 from crawl4ai import AsyncWebCrawler, BrowserConfig, CrawlerRunConfig, CacheMode
-from crawl4ai.types import LLMConfig
+from crawl4ai import LLMConfig
 from crawl4ai.content_filter_strategy import LLMContentFilter
 
 async def test_llm_filter():

tests/20241401/test_schema_builder.py

@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ import asyncio
 from crawl4ai import AsyncWebCrawler, BrowserConfig, CrawlerRunConfig, CacheMode
 from crawl4ai.markdown_generation_strategy import DefaultMarkdownGenerator
 from crawl4ai.extraction_strategy import JsonCssExtractionStrategy, JsonXPathExtractionStrategy
+from crawl4ai.utils import preprocess_html_for_schema, JsonXPathExtractionStrategy
 import json
 
 # Test HTML - A complex job board with companies, departments, and positions

tests/async/test_chunking_and_extraction_strategies.py

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ import json
 parent_dir = os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__)))
 sys.path.append(parent_dir)
 
-from crawl4ai.types import LLMConfig
+from crawl4ai import LLMConfig
 from crawl4ai.async_webcrawler import AsyncWebCrawler
 from crawl4ai.chunking_strategy import RegexChunking
 from crawl4ai.extraction_strategy import LLMExtractionStrategy

tests/browser/docker/__init__.py

@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+"""Docker browser strategy tests.
+
+This package contains tests for the Docker browser strategy implementation.
+"""

tests/browser/docker/test_docker_browser.py

@@ -0,0 +1,651 @@
+"""Test examples for Docker Browser Strategy.
+
+These examples demonstrate the functionality of Docker Browser Strategy
+and serve as functional tests.
+"""
+
+import asyncio
+import os
+import sys
+import shutil
+import uuid
+
+# Add the project root to Python path if running directly
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    sys.path.insert(0, os.path.abspath(os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), '../../..')))
+
+from crawl4ai.browser import BrowserManager
+from crawl4ai.async_configs import BrowserConfig, CrawlerRunConfig
+from crawl4ai.async_logger import AsyncLogger
+from crawl4ai.browser import DockerConfig
+from crawl4ai.browser import DockerRegistry
+from crawl4ai.browser import DockerUtils
+
+# Create a logger for clear terminal output
+logger = AsyncLogger(verbose=True, log_file=None)
+
+# Global Docker utils instance
+docker_utils = DockerUtils(logger)
+
+async def test_docker_components():
+    """Test Docker utilities, registry, and image building.
+    
+    This function tests the core Docker components before running the browser tests.
+    It validates DockerRegistry, DockerUtils, and builds test images to ensure
+    everything is functioning correctly.
+    """
+    logger.info("Testing Docker components", tag="SETUP")
+    
+    # Create a test registry directory
+    registry_dir = os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), "test_registry")
+    registry_file = os.path.join(registry_dir, "test_registry.json")
+    os.makedirs(registry_dir, exist_ok=True)
+    
+    try:
+        # 1. Test DockerRegistry
+        logger.info("Testing DockerRegistry...", tag="SETUP")
+        registry = DockerRegistry(registry_file)
+        
+        # Test saving and loading registry
+        test_container_id = "test-container-123"
+        registry.register_container(test_container_id, 9876, "test-hash-123")
+        registry.save()
+        
+        # Create a new registry instance that loads from the file
+        registry2 = DockerRegistry(registry_file)
+        port = registry2.get_container_host_port(test_container_id)
+        hash_value = registry2.get_container_config_hash(test_container_id)
+        
+        if port != 9876 or hash_value != "test-hash-123":
+            logger.error("DockerRegistry persistence failed", tag="SETUP")
+            return False
+            
+        # Clean up test container from registry
+        registry2.unregister_container(test_container_id)
+        logger.success("DockerRegistry works correctly", tag="SETUP")
+        
+        # 2. Test DockerUtils
+        logger.info("Testing DockerUtils...", tag="SETUP")
+        
+        # Test port detection
+        in_use = docker_utils.is_port_in_use(22)  # SSH port is usually in use
+        logger.info(f"Port 22 in use: {in_use}", tag="SETUP")
+        
+        # Get next available port
+        available_port = docker_utils.get_next_available_port(9000)
+        logger.info(f"Next available port: {available_port}", tag="SETUP")
+        
+        # Test config hash generation
+        config_dict = {"mode": "connect", "headless": True}
+        config_hash = docker_utils.generate_config_hash(config_dict)
+        logger.info(f"Generated config hash: {config_hash[:8]}...", tag="SETUP")
+        
+        # 3. Test Docker is available
+        logger.info("Checking Docker availability...", tag="SETUP")
+        if not await check_docker_available():
+            logger.error("Docker is not available - cannot continue tests", tag="SETUP")
+            return False
+            
+        # 4. Test building connect image
+        logger.info("Building connect mode Docker image...", tag="SETUP")
+        connect_image = await docker_utils.ensure_docker_image_exists(None, "connect")
+        if not connect_image:
+            logger.error("Failed to build connect mode image", tag="SETUP")
+            return False
+        logger.success(f"Successfully built connect image: {connect_image}", tag="SETUP")
+        
+        # 5. Test building launch image
+        logger.info("Building launch mode Docker image...", tag="SETUP")
+        launch_image = await docker_utils.ensure_docker_image_exists(None, "launch")
+        if not launch_image:
+            logger.error("Failed to build launch mode image", tag="SETUP")
+            return False
+        logger.success(f"Successfully built launch image: {launch_image}", tag="SETUP")
+        
+        # 6. Test creating and removing container
+        logger.info("Testing container creation and removal...", tag="SETUP")
+        container_id = await docker_utils.create_container(
+            image_name=launch_image,
+            host_port=available_port,
+            container_name="crawl4ai-test-container"
+        )
+        
+        if not container_id:
+            logger.error("Failed to create test container", tag="SETUP")
+            return False
+            
+        logger.info(f"Created test container: {container_id[:12]}", tag="SETUP")
+        
+        # Verify container is running
+        running = await docker_utils.is_container_running(container_id)
+        if not running:
+            logger.error("Test container is not running", tag="SETUP")
+            await docker_utils.remove_container(container_id)
+            return False
+            
+        # Test commands in container
+        logger.info("Testing command execution in container...", tag="SETUP")
+        returncode, stdout, stderr = await docker_utils.exec_in_container(
+            container_id, ["ls", "-la", "/"]
+        )
+        
+        if returncode != 0:
+            logger.error(f"Command execution failed: {stderr}", tag="SETUP")
+            await docker_utils.remove_container(container_id)
+            return False
+            
+        # Verify Chrome is installed in the container
+        returncode, stdout, stderr = await docker_utils.exec_in_container(
+            container_id, ["which", "chromium"]
+        )
+        
+        if returncode != 0:
+            logger.error("Chrome not found in container", tag="SETUP")
+            await docker_utils.remove_container(container_id)
+            return False
+            
+        chrome_path = stdout.strip()
+        logger.info(f"Chrome found at: {chrome_path}", tag="SETUP")
+        
+        # Test Chrome version
+        returncode, stdout, stderr = await docker_utils.exec_in_container(
+            container_id, ["chromium", "--version"]
+        )
+        
+        if returncode != 0:
+            logger.error(f"Failed to get Chrome version: {stderr}", tag="SETUP")
+            await docker_utils.remove_container(container_id)
+            return False
+            
+        logger.info(f"Chrome version: {stdout.strip()}", tag="SETUP")
+        
+        # Remove test container
+        removed = await docker_utils.remove_container(container_id)
+        if not removed:
+            logger.error("Failed to remove test container", tag="SETUP")
+            return False
+            
+        logger.success("Test container removed successfully", tag="SETUP")
+        
+        # All components tested successfully
+        logger.success("All Docker components tested successfully", tag="SETUP")
+        return True
+        
+    except Exception as e:
+        logger.error(f"Docker component tests failed: {str(e)}", tag="SETUP")
+        return False
+    finally:
+        # Clean up registry test directory
+        if os.path.exists(registry_dir):
+            shutil.rmtree(registry_dir)
+
+async def test_docker_connect_mode():
+    """Test Docker browser in connect mode.
+    
+    This tests the basic functionality of creating a browser in Docker
+    connect mode and using it for navigation.
+    """
+    logger.info("Testing Docker browser in connect mode", tag="TEST")
+    
+    # Create temp directory for user data
+    temp_dir = os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), "tmp_user_data")
+    os.makedirs(temp_dir, exist_ok=True)
+    
+    try:
+        # Create Docker configuration
+        docker_config = DockerConfig(
+            mode="connect",
+            persistent=False,
+            remove_on_exit=True,
+            user_data_dir=temp_dir
+        )
+        
+        # Create browser configuration
+        browser_config = BrowserConfig(
+            browser_mode="docker",
+            headless=True,
+            docker_config=docker_config
+        )
+        
+        # Create browser manager
+        manager = BrowserManager(browser_config=browser_config, logger=logger)
+        
+        # Start the browser
+        await manager.start()
+        logger.info("Browser started successfully", tag="TEST")
+        
+        # Create crawler config
+        crawler_config = CrawlerRunConfig(url="https://example.com")
+        
+        # Get a page
+        page, context = await manager.get_page(crawler_config)
+        logger.info("Got page successfully", tag="TEST")
+        
+        # Navigate to a website
+        await page.goto("https://example.com")
+        logger.info("Navigated to example.com", tag="TEST")
+        
+        # Get page title
+        title = await page.title()
+        logger.info(f"Page title: {title}", tag="TEST")
+        
+        # Clean up
+        await manager.close()
+        logger.info("Browser closed successfully", tag="TEST")
+        
+        return True
+    except Exception as e:
+        logger.error(f"Test failed: {str(e)}", tag="TEST")
+        # Ensure cleanup
+        try:
+            await manager.close()
+        except:
+            pass
+        return False
+    finally:
+        # Clean up the temp directory
+        if os.path.exists(temp_dir):
+            shutil.rmtree(temp_dir)
+
+async def test_docker_launch_mode():
+    """Test Docker browser in launch mode.
+    
+    This tests launching a Chrome browser within a Docker container
+    on demand with custom settings.
+    """
+    logger.info("Testing Docker browser in launch mode", tag="TEST")
+    
+    # Create temp directory for user data
+    temp_dir = os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), "tmp_user_data_launch")
+    os.makedirs(temp_dir, exist_ok=True)
+    
+    try:
+        # Create Docker configuration
+        docker_config = DockerConfig(
+            mode="launch",
+            persistent=False,
+            remove_on_exit=True,
+            user_data_dir=temp_dir
+        )
+        
+        # Create browser configuration
+        browser_config = BrowserConfig(
+            browser_mode="docker",
+            headless=True,
+            text_mode=True,  # Enable text mode for faster operation
+            docker_config=docker_config
+        )
+        
+        # Create browser manager
+        manager = BrowserManager(browser_config=browser_config, logger=logger)
+        
+        # Start the browser
+        await manager.start()
+        logger.info("Browser started successfully", tag="TEST")
+        
+        # Create crawler config
+        crawler_config = CrawlerRunConfig(url="https://example.com")
+        
+        # Get a page
+        page, context = await manager.get_page(crawler_config)
+        logger.info("Got page successfully", tag="TEST")
+        
+        # Navigate to a website
+        await page.goto("https://example.com")
+        logger.info("Navigated to example.com", tag="TEST")
+        
+        # Get page title
+        title = await page.title()
+        logger.info(f"Page title: {title}", tag="TEST")
+        
+        # Clean up
+        await manager.close()
+        logger.info("Browser closed successfully", tag="TEST")
+        
+        return True
+    except Exception as e:
+        logger.error(f"Test failed: {str(e)}", tag="TEST")
+        # Ensure cleanup
+        try:
+            await manager.close()
+        except:
+            pass
+        return False
+    finally:
+        # Clean up the temp directory
+        if os.path.exists(temp_dir):
+            shutil.rmtree(temp_dir)
+
+async def test_docker_persistent_storage():
+    """Test Docker browser with persistent storage.
+    
+    This tests creating localStorage data in one session and verifying
+    it persists to another session when using persistent storage.
+    """
+    logger.info("Testing Docker browser with persistent storage", tag="TEST")
+    
+    # Create a unique temp directory
+    test_id = uuid.uuid4().hex[:8]
+    temp_dir = os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), f"tmp_user_data_persist_{test_id}")
+    os.makedirs(temp_dir, exist_ok=True)
+    
+    manager1 = None
+    manager2 = None
+    
+    try:
+        # Create Docker configuration with persistence
+        docker_config = DockerConfig(
+            mode="connect",
+            persistent=True,  # Keep container running between sessions
+            user_data_dir=temp_dir,
+            container_user_data_dir="/data"
+        )
+        
+        # Create browser configuration
+        browser_config = BrowserConfig(
+            browser_mode="docker",
+            headless=True,
+            docker_config=docker_config
+        )
+        
+        # Create first browser manager
+        manager1 = BrowserManager(browser_config=browser_config, logger=logger)
+        
+        # Start the browser
+        await manager1.start()
+        logger.info("First browser started successfully", tag="TEST")
+        
+        # Create crawler config
+        crawler_config = CrawlerRunConfig()
+        
+        # Get a page
+        page1, context1 = await manager1.get_page(crawler_config)
+        
+        # Navigate to example.com
+        await page1.goto("https://example.com")
+        
+        # Set localStorage item
+        test_value = f"test_value_{test_id}"
+        await page1.evaluate(f"localStorage.setItem('test_key', '{test_value}')")
+        logger.info(f"Set localStorage test_key = {test_value}", tag="TEST")
+        
+        # Close the first browser manager
+        await manager1.close()
+        logger.info("First browser closed", tag="TEST")
+        
+        # Create second browser manager with same config
+        manager2 = BrowserManager(browser_config=browser_config, logger=logger)
+        
+        # Start the browser
+        await manager2.start()
+        logger.info("Second browser started successfully", tag="TEST")
+        
+        # Get a page
+        page2, context2 = await manager2.get_page(crawler_config)
+        
+        # Navigate to same site
+        await page2.goto("https://example.com")
+        
+        # Get localStorage item
+        value = await page2.evaluate("localStorage.getItem('test_key')")
+        logger.info(f"Retrieved localStorage test_key = {value}", tag="TEST")
+        
+        # Check if persistence worked
+        if value == test_value:
+            logger.success("Storage persistence verified!", tag="TEST")
+        else:
+            logger.error(f"Storage persistence failed! Expected {test_value}, got {value}", tag="TEST")
+        
+        # Clean up
+        await manager2.close()
+        logger.info("Second browser closed successfully", tag="TEST")
+        
+        return value == test_value
+    except Exception as e:
+        logger.error(f"Test failed: {str(e)}", tag="TEST")
+        # Ensure cleanup
+        try:
+            if manager1:
+                await manager1.close()
+            if manager2:
+                await manager2.close()
+        except:
+            pass
+        return False
+    finally:
+        # Clean up the temp directory
+        if os.path.exists(temp_dir):
+            shutil.rmtree(temp_dir)
+
+async def test_docker_parallel_pages():
+    """Test Docker browser with parallel page creation.
+    
+    This tests the ability to create and use multiple pages in parallel
+    from a single Docker browser instance.
+    """
+    logger.info("Testing Docker browser with parallel pages", tag="TEST")
+    
+    try:
+        # Create Docker configuration
+        docker_config = DockerConfig(
+            mode="connect",
+            persistent=False,
+            remove_on_exit=True
+        )
+        
+        # Create browser configuration
+        browser_config = BrowserConfig(
+            browser_mode="docker",
+            headless=True,
+            docker_config=docker_config
+        )
+        
+        # Create browser manager
+        manager = BrowserManager(browser_config=browser_config, logger=logger)
+        
+        # Start the browser
+        await manager.start()
+        logger.info("Browser started successfully", tag="TEST")
+        
+        # Create crawler config
+        crawler_config = CrawlerRunConfig()
+        
+        # Get multiple pages
+        page_count = 3
+        pages = await manager.get_pages(crawler_config, count=page_count)
+        logger.info(f"Got {len(pages)} pages successfully", tag="TEST")
+        
+        if len(pages) != page_count:
+            logger.error(f"Expected {page_count} pages, got {len(pages)}", tag="TEST")
+            await manager.close()
+            return False
+            
+        # Navigate to different sites with each page
+        tasks = []
+        for i, (page, _) in enumerate(pages):
+            tasks.append(page.goto(f"https://example.com?page={i}"))
+            
+        # Wait for all navigations to complete
+        await asyncio.gather(*tasks)
+        logger.info("All pages navigated successfully", tag="TEST")
+        
+        # Get titles from all pages
+        titles = []
+        for i, (page, _) in enumerate(pages):
+            title = await page.title()
+            titles.append(title)
+            logger.info(f"Page {i+1} title: {title}", tag="TEST")
+        
+        # Clean up
+        await manager.close()
+        logger.info("Browser closed successfully", tag="TEST")
+        
+        return True
+    except Exception as e:
+        logger.error(f"Test failed: {str(e)}", tag="TEST")
+        # Ensure cleanup
+        try:
+            await manager.close()
+        except:
+            pass
+        return False
+
+async def test_docker_registry_reuse():
+    """Test Docker container reuse via registry.
+    
+    This tests that containers with matching configurations
+    are reused rather than creating new ones.
+    """
+    logger.info("Testing Docker container reuse via registry", tag="TEST")
+    
+    # Create registry for this test
+    registry_dir = os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), "registry_reuse_test")
+    registry_file = os.path.join(registry_dir, "registry.json")
+    os.makedirs(registry_dir, exist_ok=True)
+    
+    manager1 = None
+    manager2 = None
+    container_id1 = None
+    
+    try:
+        # Create identical Docker configurations with custom registry
+        docker_config1 = DockerConfig(
+            mode="connect",
+            persistent=True,  # Keep container running after closing
+            registry_file=registry_file
+        )
+        
+        # Create first browser configuration
+        browser_config1 = BrowserConfig(
+            browser_mode="docker",
+            headless=True,
+            docker_config=docker_config1
+        )
+        
+        # Create first browser manager
+        manager1 = BrowserManager(browser_config=browser_config1, logger=logger)
+        
+        # Start the first browser
+        await manager1.start()
+        logger.info("First browser started successfully", tag="TEST")
+        
+        # Get container ID from the strategy
+        docker_strategy1 = manager1.strategy
+        container_id1 = docker_strategy1.container_id
+        logger.info(f"First browser container ID: {container_id1[:12]}", tag="TEST")
+        
+        # Close the first manager but keep container running
+        await manager1.close()
+        logger.info("First browser closed", tag="TEST")
+        
+        # Create second Docker configuration identical to first
+        docker_config2 = DockerConfig(
+            mode="connect",
+            persistent=True,
+            registry_file=registry_file
+        )
+        
+        # Create second browser configuration
+        browser_config2 = BrowserConfig(
+            browser_mode="docker",
+            headless=True,
+            docker_config=docker_config2
+        )
+        
+        # Create second browser manager
+        manager2 = BrowserManager(browser_config=browser_config2, logger=logger)
+        
+        # Start the second browser - should reuse existing container
+        await manager2.start()
+        logger.info("Second browser started successfully", tag="TEST")
+        
+        # Get container ID from the second strategy
+        docker_strategy2 = manager2.strategy
+        container_id2 = docker_strategy2.container_id
+        logger.info(f"Second browser container ID: {container_id2[:12]}", tag="TEST")
+        
+        # Verify container reuse
+        if container_id1 == container_id2:
+            logger.success("Container reuse successful - using same container!", tag="TEST")
+        else:
+            logger.error("Container reuse failed - new container created!", tag="TEST")
+        
+        # Clean up
+        docker_strategy2.docker_config.persistent = False
+        docker_strategy2.docker_config.remove_on_exit = True
+        await manager2.close()
+        logger.info("Second browser closed and container removed", tag="TEST")
+        
+        return container_id1 == container_id2
+    except Exception as e:
+        logger.error(f"Test failed: {str(e)}", tag="TEST")
+        # Ensure cleanup
+        try:
+            if manager1:
+                await manager1.close()
+            if manager2:
+                await manager2.close()
+            # Make sure container is removed
+            if container_id1:
+                await docker_utils.remove_container(container_id1, force=True)
+        except:
+            pass
+        return False
+    finally:
+        # Clean up registry directory
+        if os.path.exists(registry_dir):
+            shutil.rmtree(registry_dir)
+
+async def run_tests():
+    """Run all tests sequentially."""
+    results = []
+    
+    logger.info("Starting Docker Browser Strategy tests", tag="TEST")
+    
+    # Check if Docker is available
+    if not await check_docker_available():
+        logger.error("Docker is not available - skipping tests", tag="TEST")
+        return
+    
+    # First test Docker components
+    # setup_result = await test_docker_components()
+    # if not setup_result:
+    #     logger.error("Docker component tests failed - skipping browser tests", tag="TEST")
+    #     return
+    
+    # Run browser tests
+    results.append(await test_docker_connect_mode())
+    results.append(await test_docker_launch_mode())
+    results.append(await test_docker_persistent_storage())
+    results.append(await test_docker_parallel_pages())
+    results.append(await test_docker_registry_reuse())
+    
+    # Print summary
+    total = len(results)
+    passed = sum(1 for r in results if r)
+    logger.info(f"Tests complete: {passed}/{total} passed", tag="SUMMARY")
+    
+    if passed == total:
+        logger.success("All tests passed!", tag="SUMMARY")
+    else:
+        logger.error(f"{total - passed} tests failed", tag="SUMMARY")
+
+async def check_docker_available() -> bool:
+    """Check if Docker is available on the system.
+    
+    Returns:
+        bool: True if Docker is available, False otherwise
+    """
+    try:
+        proc = await asyncio.create_subprocess_exec(
+            "docker", "--version",
+            stdout=asyncio.subprocess.PIPE,
+            stderr=asyncio.subprocess.PIPE
+        )
+        stdout, _ = await proc.communicate()
+        return proc.returncode == 0 and stdout
+    except:
+        return False
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    asyncio.run(run_tests())

tests/browser/manager/demo_browser_manager.py

@@ -0,0 +1,525 @@
+"""Demo script for testing the enhanced BrowserManager.
+
+This script demonstrates the browser pooling capabilities of the enhanced
+BrowserManager with various configurations and usage patterns.
+"""
+
+import asyncio
+import time
+import random
+
+from crawl4ai.browser.manager import BrowserManager, UnavailableBehavior
+from crawl4ai.async_configs import BrowserConfig, CrawlerRunConfig
+from crawl4ai.async_logger import AsyncLogger
+
+import playwright
+
+SAFE_URLS = [
+    "https://example.com",
+    "https://example.com/page1",
+    "https://httpbin.org/get",
+    "https://httpbin.org/html",
+    "https://httpbin.org/ip",
+    "https://httpbin.org/user-agent",
+    "https://httpbin.org/headers",
+    "https://httpbin.org/cookies",
+    "https://httpstat.us/200",
+    "https://httpstat.us/301",
+    "https://httpstat.us/404",
+    "https://httpstat.us/500",
+    "https://jsonplaceholder.typicode.com/posts/1",
+    "https://jsonplaceholder.typicode.com/posts/2",
+    "https://jsonplaceholder.typicode.com/posts/3",
+    "https://jsonplaceholder.typicode.com/posts/4",
+    "https://jsonplaceholder.typicode.com/posts/5",
+    "https://jsonplaceholder.typicode.com/comments/1",
+    "https://jsonplaceholder.typicode.com/comments/2",
+    "https://jsonplaceholder.typicode.com/users/1",
+    "https://jsonplaceholder.typicode.com/users/2",
+    "https://jsonplaceholder.typicode.com/albums/1",
+    "https://jsonplaceholder.typicode.com/albums/2",
+    "https://jsonplaceholder.typicode.com/photos/1",
+    "https://jsonplaceholder.typicode.com/photos/2",
+    "https://jsonplaceholder.typicode.com/todos/1",
+    "https://jsonplaceholder.typicode.com/todos/2",
+    "https://www.iana.org",
+    "https://www.iana.org/domains",
+    "https://www.iana.org/numbers",
+    "https://www.iana.org/protocols",
+    "https://www.iana.org/about",
+    "https://www.iana.org/time-zones",
+    "https://www.data.gov",
+    "https://catalog.data.gov/dataset",
+    "https://www.archives.gov",
+    "https://www.usa.gov",
+    "https://www.loc.gov",
+    "https://www.irs.gov",
+    "https://www.census.gov",
+    "https://www.bls.gov",
+    "https://www.gpo.gov",
+    "https://www.w3.org",
+    "https://www.w3.org/standards",
+    "https://www.w3.org/WAI",
+    "https://www.rfc-editor.org",
+    "https://www.ietf.org",
+    "https://www.icann.org",
+    "https://www.internetsociety.org",
+    "https://www.python.org"
+]
+
+async def basic_pooling_demo():
+    """Demonstrate basic browser pooling functionality."""
+    print("\n=== Basic Browser Pooling Demo ===")
+    
+    # Create logger
+    logger = AsyncLogger(verbose=True)
+    
+    # Create browser configurations
+    config1 = BrowserConfig(
+        browser_type="chromium",
+        headless=True,
+        browser_mode="playwright"
+    )
+    
+    config2 = BrowserConfig(
+        browser_type="chromium", 
+        headless=True,
+        browser_mode="cdp"
+    )
+    
+    # Create browser manager with on-demand behavior
+    manager = BrowserManager(
+        browser_config=config1,
+        logger=logger,
+        unavailable_behavior=UnavailableBehavior.ON_DEMAND,
+        max_browsers_per_config=3
+    )
+    
+    try:
+        # Initialize pool with both configurations
+        print("Initializing browser pool...")
+        await manager.initialize_pool(
+            browser_configs=[config1, config2],
+            browsers_per_config=2
+        )
+        
+        # Display initial pool status
+        status = await manager.get_pool_status()
+        print(f"Initial pool status: {status}")
+        
+        # Create crawler run configurations
+        run_config1 = CrawlerRunConfig()
+        run_config2 = CrawlerRunConfig()
+        
+        # Simulate concurrent page requests
+        print("\nGetting pages for parallel crawling...")
+        
+        # Function to simulate crawling
+        async def simulate_crawl(index: int, config: BrowserConfig, run_config: CrawlerRunConfig):
+            print(f"Crawler {index}: Requesting page...")
+            page, context, strategy = await manager.get_page(run_config, config)
+            print(f"Crawler {index}: Got page, navigating to example.com...")
+            
+            try:
+                await page.goto("https://example.com")
+                title = await page.title()
+                print(f"Crawler {index}: Page title: {title}")
+                
+                # Simulate work
+                await asyncio.sleep(random.uniform(1, 3))
+                print(f"Crawler {index}: Work completed, releasing page...")
+                
+                # Check dynamic page content
+                content = await page.content()
+                content_length = len(content)
+                print(f"Crawler {index}: Page content length: {content_length}")
+                
+            except Exception as e:
+                print(f"Crawler {index}: Error: {str(e)}")
+            finally:
+                # Release the page
+                await manager.release_page(page, strategy, config)
+                print(f"Crawler {index}: Page released")
+        
+        # Create 5 parallel crawls
+        crawl_tasks = []
+        for i in range(5):
+            # Alternate between configurations
+            config = config1 if i % 2 == 0 else config2
+            run_config = run_config1 if i % 2 == 0 else run_config2
+            
+            task = asyncio.create_task(simulate_crawl(i+1, config, run_config))
+            crawl_tasks.append(task)
+        
+        # Wait for all crawls to complete
+        await asyncio.gather(*crawl_tasks)
+        
+        # Display final pool status
+        status = await manager.get_pool_status()
+        print(f"\nFinal pool status: {status}")
+        
+    finally:
+        # Clean up
+        print("\nClosing browser manager...")
+        await manager.close()
+        print("Browser manager closed")
+
+
+async def prewarm_pages_demo():
+    """Demonstrate page pre-warming functionality."""
+    print("\n=== Page Pre-warming Demo ===")
+    
+    # Create logger
+    logger = AsyncLogger(verbose=True)
+    
+    # Create browser configuration
+    config = BrowserConfig(
+        browser_type="chromium",
+        headless=True,
+        browser_mode="playwright"
+    )
+    
+    # Create crawler run configurations for pre-warming
+    run_config1 = CrawlerRunConfig(
+        user_agent="Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/91.0.4472.124 Safari/537.36"
+    )
+    
+    run_config2 = CrawlerRunConfig(
+        user_agent="Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_15_7) AppleWebKit/605.1.15 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/14.0 Safari/605.1.15"
+    )
+    
+    # Create page pre-warm configurations
+    page_configs = [
+        (config, run_config1, 2),  # 2 pages with run_config1
+        (config, run_config2, 3)   # 3 pages with run_config2
+    ]
+    
+    # Create browser manager
+    manager = BrowserManager(
+        browser_config=config,
+        logger=logger,
+        unavailable_behavior=UnavailableBehavior.EXCEPTION
+    )
+    
+    try:
+        # Initialize pool with pre-warmed pages
+        print("Initializing browser pool with pre-warmed pages...")
+        await manager.initialize_pool(
+            browser_configs=[config],
+            browsers_per_config=2,
+            page_configs=page_configs
+        )
+        
+        # Display pool status
+        status = await manager.get_pool_status()
+        print(f"Pool status after pre-warming: {status}")
+        
+        # Simulate using pre-warmed pages
+        print("\nUsing pre-warmed pages...")
+        
+        async def use_prewarm_page(index: int, run_config: CrawlerRunConfig):
+            print(f"Task {index}: Requesting pre-warmed page...")
+            page, context, strategy = await manager.get_page(run_config, config)
+            
+            try:
+                print(f"Task {index}: Got page, navigating to example.com...")
+                await page.goto("https://example.com")
+                
+                # Verify user agent was applied correctly
+                user_agent = await page.evaluate("() => navigator.userAgent")
+                print(f"Task {index}: User agent: {user_agent}")
+                
+                # Get page title
+                title = await page.title()
+                print(f"Task {index}: Page title: {title}")
+                
+                # Simulate work
+                await asyncio.sleep(1)
+            finally:
+                # Release the page
+                print(f"Task {index}: Releasing page...")
+                await manager.release_page(page, strategy, config)
+        
+        # Create tasks to use pre-warmed pages
+        tasks = []
+        # Use run_config1 pages
+        for i in range(2):
+            tasks.append(asyncio.create_task(use_prewarm_page(i+1, run_config1)))
+        
+        # Use run_config2 pages
+        for i in range(3):
+            tasks.append(asyncio.create_task(use_prewarm_page(i+3, run_config2)))
+        
+        # Wait for all tasks to complete
+        await asyncio.gather(*tasks)
+        
+        # Try to use more pages than we pre-warmed (should raise exception)
+        print("\nTrying to use more pages than pre-warmed...")
+        try:
+            page, context, strategy = await manager.get_page(run_config1, config)
+            try:
+                print("Got extra page (unexpected)")
+                await page.goto("https://example.com")
+            finally:
+                await manager.release_page(page, strategy, config)
+        except Exception as e:
+            print(f"Expected exception when requesting more pages: {str(e)}")
+        
+    finally:
+        # Clean up
+        print("\nClosing browser manager...")
+        await manager.close()
+        print("Browser manager closed")
+
+
+async def prewarm_on_demand_demo():
+    """Demonstrate pre-warming with on-demand browser creation."""
+    print("\n=== Pre-warming with On-Demand Browser Creation Demo ===")
+    
+    # Create logger
+    logger = AsyncLogger(verbose=True)
+    
+    # Create browser configuration
+    config = BrowserConfig(
+        browser_type="chromium",
+        headless=True,
+        browser_mode="playwright"
+    )
+    
+    # Create crawler run configurations
+    run_config = CrawlerRunConfig(
+        user_agent="Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/91.0.4472.124 Safari/537.36"
+    )
+    
+    # Create page pre-warm configurations - just pre-warm 2 pages
+    page_configs = [
+        (config, run_config, 2)
+    ]
+    
+    # Create browser manager with ON_DEMAND behavior
+    manager = BrowserManager(
+        browser_config=config,
+        logger=logger,
+        unavailable_behavior=UnavailableBehavior.ON_DEMAND,
+        max_browsers_per_config=5  # Allow up to 5 browsers
+    )
+    
+    try:
+        # Initialize pool with pre-warmed pages
+        print("Initializing browser pool with pre-warmed pages...")
+        await manager.initialize_pool(
+            browser_configs=[config],
+            browsers_per_config=1,  # Start with just 1 browser
+            page_configs=page_configs
+        )
+        
+        # Display initial pool status
+        status = await manager.get_pool_status()
+        print(f"Initial pool status: {status}")
+        
+        # Simulate using more pages than pre-warmed - should create browsers on demand
+        print("\nUsing more pages than pre-warmed (should create on demand)...")
+        
+        async def use_page(index: int):
+            print(f"Task {index}: Requesting page...")
+            page, context, strategy = await manager.get_page(run_config, config)
+            
+            try:
+                print(f"Task {index}: Got page, navigating to example.com...")
+                await page.goto("https://example.com")
+                
+                # Get page title
+                title = await page.title()
+                print(f"Task {index}: Page title: {title}")
+                
+                # Simulate work for a varying amount of time
+                work_time = 1 + (index * 0.5)  # Stagger completion times
+                print(f"Task {index}: Working for {work_time} seconds...")
+                await asyncio.sleep(work_time)
+                print(f"Task {index}: Work completed")
+            finally:
+                # Release the page
+                print(f"Task {index}: Releasing page...")
+                await manager.release_page(page, strategy, config)
+        
+        # Create more tasks than pre-warmed pages
+        tasks = []
+        for i in range(5):  # Try to use 5 pages when only 2 are pre-warmed
+            tasks.append(asyncio.create_task(use_page(i+1)))
+        
+        # Wait for all tasks to complete
+        await asyncio.gather(*tasks)
+        
+        # Display final pool status - should show on-demand created browsers
+        status = await manager.get_pool_status()
+        print(f"\nFinal pool status: {status}")
+        
+    finally:
+        # Clean up
+        print("\nClosing browser manager...")
+        await manager.close()
+        print("Browser manager closed")
+
+
+async def high_volume_demo():
+    """Demonstrate high-volume access to pre-warmed pages."""
+    print("\n=== High Volume Pre-warmed Pages Demo ===")
+    
+    # Create logger
+    logger = AsyncLogger(verbose=True)
+    
+    # Create browser configuration
+    config = BrowserConfig(
+        browser_type="chromium",
+        headless=True,
+        browser_mode="playwright"
+    )
+    
+    # Create crawler run configuration
+    run_config = CrawlerRunConfig(
+        user_agent="Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/91.0.4472.124 Safari/537.36"
+    )
+    
+    # Set up dimensions
+    browser_count = 10
+    pages_per_browser = 5
+    total_pages = browser_count * pages_per_browser
+    
+    # Create page pre-warm configuration
+    page_configs = [
+        (config, run_config, total_pages)
+    ]
+    
+    print(f"Preparing {browser_count} browsers with {pages_per_browser} pages each ({total_pages} total pages)")
+    
+    # Create browser manager with ON_DEMAND behavior as fallback
+    # No need to specify max_browsers_per_config as it will be calculated automatically
+    manager = BrowserManager(
+        browser_config=config,
+        logger=logger,
+        unavailable_behavior=UnavailableBehavior.ON_DEMAND
+    )
+    
+    try:
+        # Initialize pool with browsers and pre-warmed pages
+        print(f"Pre-warming {total_pages} pages...")
+        start_time = time.time()
+        await manager.initialize_pool(
+            browser_configs=[config],
+            browsers_per_config=browser_count,
+            page_configs=page_configs
+        )
+        warmup_time = time.time() - start_time
+        print(f"Pre-warming completed in {warmup_time:.2f} seconds")
+        
+        # Display pool status
+        status = await manager.get_pool_status()
+        print(f"Pool status after pre-warming: {status}")
+        
+        # Simulate using all pre-warmed pages simultaneously
+        print(f"\nSending {total_pages} crawl requests simultaneously...")
+        
+        async def crawl_page(index: int):
+            # url = f"https://example.com/page{index}"
+            url = SAFE_URLS[index % len(SAFE_URLS)]
+            print(f"Page {index}: Requesting page...")            
+            # Measure time to acquire page
+            page_start = time.time()
+            page, context, strategy = await manager.get_page(run_config, config)
+            page_acquisition_time = time.time() - page_start
+            
+            try:
+                # Navigate to the URL
+                nav_start = time.time()
+                await page.goto(url, timeout=5000)
+                navigation_time = time.time() - nav_start
+                
+                # Get the page title
+                title = await page.title()
+                
+                return {
+                    "index": index,
+                    "url": url,
+                    "title": title,
+                    "page_acquisition_time": page_acquisition_time,
+                    "navigation_time": navigation_time
+                }
+            except playwright._impl._errors.TimeoutError as e:
+                # print(f"Page {index}: Navigation timed out - {e}")
+                return {
+                    "index": index,
+                    "url": url,
+                    "title": "Navigation timed out",
+                    "page_acquisition_time": page_acquisition_time,
+                    "navigation_time": 0
+                }
+            finally:
+                # Release the page
+                await manager.release_page(page, strategy, config)
+        
+        # Create and execute all tasks simultaneously
+        start_time = time.time()
+
+        # Non-parallel way
+        # for i in range(total_pages):
+        #     await crawl_page(i+1)
+
+        tasks = [crawl_page(i+1) for i in range(total_pages)]
+        results = await asyncio.gather(*tasks)
+        total_time = time.time() - start_time
+        
+        # # Print all titles
+        # for result in results:
+        #     print(f"Page {result['index']} ({result['url']}): Title: {result['title']}")
+        #     print(f"  Page acquisition time: {result['page_acquisition_time']:.4f}s")
+        #     print(f"  Navigation time: {result['navigation_time']:.4f}s")
+        #     print(f"  Total time: {result['page_acquisition_time'] + result['navigation_time']:.4f}s")
+        #     print("-" * 40)
+        
+        # Report results
+        print(f"\nAll {total_pages} crawls completed in {total_time:.2f} seconds")
+        
+        # Calculate statistics
+        acquisition_times = [r["page_acquisition_time"] for r in results]
+        navigation_times = [r["navigation_time"] for r in results]
+        
+        avg_acquisition = sum(acquisition_times) / len(acquisition_times)
+        max_acquisition = max(acquisition_times)
+        min_acquisition = min(acquisition_times)
+        
+        avg_navigation = sum(navigation_times) / len(navigation_times)
+        max_navigation = max(navigation_times)
+        min_navigation = min(navigation_times)
+        
+        print("\nPage acquisition times:")
+        print(f"  Average: {avg_acquisition:.4f}s")
+        print(f"  Min: {min_acquisition:.4f}s")
+        print(f"  Max: {max_acquisition:.4f}s")
+        
+        print("\nPage navigation times:")
+        print(f"  Average: {avg_navigation:.4f}s")
+        print(f"  Min: {min_navigation:.4f}s")
+        print(f"  Max: {max_navigation:.4f}s")
+        
+        # Display final pool status
+        status = await manager.get_pool_status()
+        print(f"\nFinal pool status: {status}")
+        
+    finally:
+        # Clean up
+        print("\nClosing browser manager...")
+        await manager.close()
+        print("Browser manager closed")
+
+
+async def main():
+    """Run all demos."""
+    # await basic_pooling_demo()
+    # await prewarm_pages_demo()
+    # await prewarm_on_demand_demo()
+    await high_volume_demo()
+    # Additional demo functions can be added here
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    asyncio.run(main())

tests/browser/test_browser_manager.py

@@ -0,0 +1,190 @@
+"""Test examples for BrowserManager.
+
+These examples demonstrate the functionality of BrowserManager
+and serve as functional tests.
+"""
+
+import asyncio
+import os
+import sys
+from typing import List
+
+# Add the project root to Python path if running directly
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    sys.path.insert(0, os.path.abspath(os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), '../..')))
+
+from crawl4ai.browser import BrowserManager
+from crawl4ai.async_configs import BrowserConfig, CrawlerRunConfig
+from crawl4ai.async_logger import AsyncLogger
+
+# Create a logger for clear terminal output
+logger = AsyncLogger(verbose=True, log_file=None)
+
+async def test_basic_browser_manager():
+    """Test basic BrowserManager functionality with default configuration."""
+    logger.info("Starting test_basic_browser_manager", tag="TEST")
+    
+    try:
+        # Create a browser manager with default config
+        manager = BrowserManager(logger=logger)
+        
+        # Start the browser
+        await manager.start()
+        logger.info("Browser started successfully", tag="TEST")
+        
+        # Get a page
+        crawler_config = CrawlerRunConfig(url="https://example.com")
+        page, context = await manager.get_page(crawler_config)
+        logger.info("Page created successfully", tag="TEST")
+        
+        # Navigate to a website
+        await page.goto("https://example.com")
+        title = await page.title()
+        logger.info(f"Page title: {title}", tag="TEST")
+        
+        # Clean up
+        await manager.close()
+        logger.success("test_basic_browser_manager completed successfully", tag="TEST")
+        return True
+    except Exception as e:
+        logger.error(f"test_basic_browser_manager failed: {str(e)}", tag="TEST")
+        return False
+
+async def test_custom_browser_config():
+    """Test BrowserManager with custom browser configuration."""
+    logger.info("Starting test_custom_browser_config", tag="TEST")
+    
+    try:
+        # Create a custom browser config
+        browser_config = BrowserConfig(
+            browser_type="chromium",
+            headless=True,
+            viewport_width=1280,
+            viewport_height=800,
+            light_mode=True
+        )
+        
+        # Create browser manager with the config
+        manager = BrowserManager(browser_config=browser_config, logger=logger)
+        
+        # Start the browser
+        await manager.start()
+        logger.info("Browser started successfully with custom config", tag="TEST")
+        
+        # Get a page
+        crawler_config = CrawlerRunConfig(url="https://example.com")
+        page, context = await manager.get_page(crawler_config)
+        
+        # Navigate to a website
+        await page.goto("https://example.com")
+        title = await page.title()
+        logger.info(f"Page title: {title}", tag="TEST")
+        
+        # Verify viewport size
+        viewport_size = await page.evaluate("() => ({ width: window.innerWidth, height: window.innerHeight })")
+        logger.info(f"Viewport size: {viewport_size}", tag="TEST")
+        
+        # Clean up
+        await manager.close()
+        logger.success("test_custom_browser_config completed successfully", tag="TEST")
+        return True
+    except Exception as e:
+        logger.error(f"test_custom_browser_config failed: {str(e)}", tag="TEST")
+        return False
+
+async def test_multiple_pages():
+    """Test BrowserManager with multiple pages."""
+    logger.info("Starting test_multiple_pages", tag="TEST")
+    
+    try:
+        # Create browser manager
+        manager = BrowserManager(logger=logger)
+        
+        # Start the browser
+        await manager.start()
+        logger.info("Browser started successfully", tag="TEST")
+        
+        # Create multiple pages
+        pages = []
+        urls = ["https://example.com", "https://example.org", "https://mozilla.org"]
+        
+        for i, url in enumerate(urls):
+            crawler_config = CrawlerRunConfig(url=url)
+            page, context = await manager.get_page(crawler_config)
+            await page.goto(url)
+            pages.append((page, url))
+            logger.info(f"Created page {i+1} for {url}", tag="TEST")
+        
+        # Verify all pages are loaded correctly
+        for i, (page, url) in enumerate(pages):
+            title = await page.title()
+            logger.info(f"Page {i+1} title: {title}", tag="TEST")
+        
+        # Clean up
+        await manager.close()
+        logger.success("test_multiple_pages completed successfully", tag="TEST")
+        return True
+    except Exception as e:
+        logger.error(f"test_multiple_pages failed: {str(e)}", tag="TEST")
+        return False
+
+async def test_session_management():
+    """Test session management in BrowserManager."""
+    logger.info("Starting test_session_management", tag="TEST")
+    
+    try:
+        # Create browser manager
+        manager = BrowserManager(logger=logger)
+        
+        # Start the browser
+        await manager.start()
+        logger.info("Browser started successfully", tag="TEST")
+        
+        # Create a session
+        session_id = "test_session_1"
+        crawler_config = CrawlerRunConfig(url="https://example.com", session_id=session_id)
+        page1, context1 = await manager.get_page(crawler_config)
+        await page1.goto("https://example.com")
+        logger.info(f"Created session with ID: {session_id}", tag="TEST")
+        
+        # Get the same session again
+        page2, context2 = await manager.get_page(crawler_config)
+        
+        # Verify it's the same page/context
+        is_same_page = page1 == page2
+        is_same_context = context1 == context2
+        logger.info(f"Same page: {is_same_page}, Same context: {is_same_context}", tag="TEST")
+        
+        # Kill the session
+        await manager.kill_session(session_id)
+        logger.info(f"Killed session with ID: {session_id}", tag="TEST")
+        
+        # Clean up
+        await manager.close()
+        logger.success("test_session_management completed successfully", tag="TEST")
+        return True
+    except Exception as e:
+        logger.error(f"test_session_management failed: {str(e)}", tag="TEST")
+        return False
+
+async def run_tests():
+    """Run all tests sequentially."""
+    results = []
+    
+    results.append(await test_basic_browser_manager())
+    results.append(await test_custom_browser_config())
+    results.append(await test_multiple_pages())
+    results.append(await test_session_management())
+    
+    # Print summary
+    total = len(results)
+    passed = sum(results)
+    logger.info(f"Tests complete: {passed}/{total} passed", tag="SUMMARY")
+    
+    if passed == total:
+        logger.success("All tests passed!", tag="SUMMARY")
+    else:
+        logger.error(f"{total - passed} tests failed", tag="SUMMARY")
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    asyncio.run(run_tests())

tests/browser/test_builtin_browser.py

@@ -0,0 +1,809 @@
+"""
+Test script for builtin browser functionality in the browser module.
+
+This script tests:
+1. Creating a builtin browser
+2. Getting browser information
+3. Killing the browser
+4. Restarting the browser
+5. Testing operations with different browser strategies
+6. Testing edge cases
+"""
+
+import asyncio
+import os
+import sys
+import time
+from typing import List, Dict, Any
+from colorama import Fore, Style, init
+
+# Add the project root to the path for imports
+sys.path.insert(0, os.path.abspath(os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), "../..")))
+
+from rich.console import Console
+from rich.table import Table
+from rich.panel import Panel
+from rich.text import Text
+from rich.box import Box, SIMPLE
+
+from crawl4ai.browser import BrowserManager
+from crawl4ai.browser.strategies import BuiltinBrowserStrategy
+from crawl4ai.async_configs import BrowserConfig, CrawlerRunConfig
+from crawl4ai.async_logger import AsyncLogger
+
+# Initialize colorama for cross-platform colored terminal output
+init()
+
+# Define colors for pretty output
+SUCCESS = Fore.GREEN
+WARNING = Fore.YELLOW
+ERROR = Fore.RED
+INFO = Fore.CYAN
+RESET = Fore.RESET
+
+# Create logger
+logger = AsyncLogger(verbose=True)
+
+
+async def test_builtin_browser_creation():
+    """Test creating a builtin browser using the BrowserManager with BuiltinBrowserStrategy"""
+    print(f"\n{INFO}========== Testing Builtin Browser Creation =========={RESET}")
+
+    # Step 1: Create a BrowserManager with builtin mode
+    print(f"\n{INFO}1. Creating BrowserManager with builtin mode{RESET}")
+    browser_config = BrowserConfig(browser_mode="builtin", headless=True, verbose=True)
+    manager = BrowserManager(browser_config=browser_config, logger=logger)
+
+    # Step 2: Check if we have a BuiltinBrowserStrategy
+    print(f"\n{INFO}2. Checking if we have a BuiltinBrowserStrategy{RESET}")
+    if isinstance(manager.strategy, BuiltinBrowserStrategy):
+        print(
+            f"{SUCCESS}Correct strategy type: {manager.strategy.__class__.__name__}{RESET}"
+        )
+    else:
+        print(
+            f"{ERROR}Wrong strategy type: {manager.strategy.__class__.__name__}{RESET}"
+        )
+        return None
+
+    # Step 3: Start the manager to launch or connect to builtin browser
+    print(f"\n{INFO}3. Starting the browser manager{RESET}")
+    try:
+        await manager.start()
+        print(f"{SUCCESS}Browser manager started successfully{RESET}")
+    except Exception as e:
+        print(f"{ERROR}Failed to start browser manager: {str(e)}{RESET}")
+        return None
+
+    # Step 4: Get browser info from the strategy
+    print(f"\n{INFO}4. Getting browser information{RESET}")
+    browser_info = manager.strategy.get_browser_info()
+    if browser_info:
+        print(f"{SUCCESS}Browser info retrieved:{RESET}")
+        for key, value in browser_info.items():
+            if key != "config":  # Skip the verbose config section
+                print(f"  {key}: {value}")
+
+        cdp_url = browser_info.get("cdp_url")
+        print(f"{SUCCESS}CDP URL: {cdp_url}{RESET}")
+    else:
+        print(f"{ERROR}Failed to get browser information{RESET}")
+        cdp_url = None
+
+    # Save manager for later tests
+    return manager, cdp_url
+
+
+async def test_page_operations(manager: BrowserManager):
+    """Test page operations with the builtin browser"""
+    print(
+        f"\n{INFO}========== Testing Page Operations with Builtin Browser =========={RESET}"
+    )
+
+    # Step 1: Get a single page
+    print(f"\n{INFO}1. Getting a single page{RESET}")
+    try:
+        crawler_config = CrawlerRunConfig()
+        page, context = await manager.get_page(crawler_config)
+        print(f"{SUCCESS}Got page successfully{RESET}")
+
+        # Navigate to a test URL
+        await page.goto("https://example.com")
+        title = await page.title()
+        print(f"{SUCCESS}Page title: {title}{RESET}")
+
+        # Close the page
+        await page.close()
+        print(f"{SUCCESS}Page closed successfully{RESET}")
+    except Exception as e:
+        print(f"{ERROR}Page operation failed: {str(e)}{RESET}")
+        return False
+
+    # Step 2: Get multiple pages
+    print(f"\n{INFO}2. Getting multiple pages with get_pages(){RESET}")
+    try:
+        # Request 3 pages
+        crawler_config = CrawlerRunConfig()
+        pages = await manager.get_pages(crawler_config, count=3)
+        print(f"{SUCCESS}Got {len(pages)} pages{RESET}")
+
+        # Test each page
+        for i, (page, context) in enumerate(pages):
+            await page.goto(f"https://example.com?test={i}")
+            title = await page.title()
+            print(f"{SUCCESS}Page {i + 1} title: {title}{RESET}")
+            await page.close()
+
+        print(f"{SUCCESS}All pages tested and closed successfully{RESET}")
+    except Exception as e:
+        print(f"{ERROR}Multiple page operation failed: {str(e)}{RESET}")
+        return False
+
+    return True
+
+
+async def test_browser_status_management(manager: BrowserManager):
+    """Test browser status and management operations"""
+    print(f"\n{INFO}========== Testing Browser Status and Management =========={RESET}")
+
+    # Step 1: Get browser status
+    print(f"\n{INFO}1. Getting browser status{RESET}")
+    try:
+        status = await manager.strategy.get_builtin_browser_status()
+        print(f"{SUCCESS}Browser status:{RESET}")
+        print(f"  Running: {status['running']}")
+        print(f"  CDP URL: {status['cdp_url']}")
+    except Exception as e:
+        print(f"{ERROR}Failed to get browser status: {str(e)}{RESET}")
+        return False
+
+    # Step 2: Test killing the browser
+    print(f"\n{INFO}2. Testing killing the browser{RESET}")
+    try:
+        result = await manager.strategy.kill_builtin_browser()
+        if result:
+            print(f"{SUCCESS}Browser killed successfully{RESET}")
+        else:
+            print(f"{ERROR}Failed to kill browser{RESET}")
+    except Exception as e:
+        print(f"{ERROR}Browser kill operation failed: {str(e)}{RESET}")
+        return False
+
+    # Step 3: Check status after kill
+    print(f"\n{INFO}3. Checking status after kill{RESET}")
+    try:
+        status = await manager.strategy.get_builtin_browser_status()
+        if not status["running"]:
+            print(f"{SUCCESS}Browser is correctly reported as not running{RESET}")
+        else:
+            print(f"{ERROR}Browser is incorrectly reported as still running{RESET}")
+    except Exception as e:
+        print(f"{ERROR}Failed to get browser status: {str(e)}{RESET}")
+        return False
+
+    # Step 4: Launch a new browser
+    print(f"\n{INFO}4. Launching a new browser{RESET}")
+    try:
+        cdp_url = await manager.strategy.launch_builtin_browser(
+            browser_type="chromium", headless=True
+        )
+        if cdp_url:
+            print(f"{SUCCESS}New browser launched at: {cdp_url}{RESET}")
+        else:
+            print(f"{ERROR}Failed to launch new browser{RESET}")
+            return False
+    except Exception as e:
+        print(f"{ERROR}Browser launch failed: {str(e)}{RESET}")
+        return False
+
+    return True
+
+
+async def test_multiple_managers():
+    """Test creating multiple BrowserManagers that use the same builtin browser"""
+    print(f"\n{INFO}========== Testing Multiple Browser Managers =========={RESET}")
+
+    # Step 1: Create first manager
+    print(f"\n{INFO}1. Creating first browser manager{RESET}")
+    browser_config1 = BrowserConfig(browser_mode="builtin", headless=True)
+    manager1 = BrowserManager(browser_config=browser_config1, logger=logger)
+
+    # Step 2: Create second manager
+    print(f"\n{INFO}2. Creating second browser manager{RESET}")
+    browser_config2 = BrowserConfig(browser_mode="builtin", headless=True)
+    manager2 = BrowserManager(browser_config=browser_config2, logger=logger)
+
+    # Step 3: Start both managers (should connect to the same builtin browser)
+    print(f"\n{INFO}3. Starting both managers{RESET}")
+    try:
+        await manager1.start()
+        print(f"{SUCCESS}First manager started{RESET}")
+
+        await manager2.start()
+        print(f"{SUCCESS}Second manager started{RESET}")
+
+        # Check if they got the same CDP URL
+        cdp_url1 = manager1.strategy.config.cdp_url
+        cdp_url2 = manager2.strategy.config.cdp_url
+
+        if cdp_url1 == cdp_url2:
+            print(
+                f"{SUCCESS}Both managers connected to the same browser: {cdp_url1}{RESET}"
+            )
+        else:
+            print(
+                f"{WARNING}Managers connected to different browsers: {cdp_url1} and {cdp_url2}{RESET}"
+            )
+    except Exception as e:
+        print(f"{ERROR}Failed to start managers: {str(e)}{RESET}")
+        return False
+
+    # Step 4: Test using both managers
+    print(f"\n{INFO}4. Testing operations with both managers{RESET}")
+    try:
+        # First manager creates a page
+        page1, ctx1 = await manager1.get_page(CrawlerRunConfig())
+        await page1.goto("https://example.com")
+        title1 = await page1.title()
+        print(f"{SUCCESS}Manager 1 page title: {title1}{RESET}")
+
+        # Second manager creates a page
+        page2, ctx2 = await manager2.get_page(CrawlerRunConfig())
+        await page2.goto("https://example.org")
+        title2 = await page2.title()
+        print(f"{SUCCESS}Manager 2 page title: {title2}{RESET}")
+
+        # Clean up
+        await page1.close()
+        await page2.close()
+    except Exception as e:
+        print(f"{ERROR}Failed to use both managers: {str(e)}{RESET}")
+        return False
+
+    # Step 5: Close both managers
+    print(f"\n{INFO}5. Closing both managers{RESET}")
+    try:
+        await manager1.close()
+        print(f"{SUCCESS}First manager closed{RESET}")
+
+        await manager2.close()
+        print(f"{SUCCESS}Second manager closed{RESET}")
+    except Exception as e:
+        print(f"{ERROR}Failed to close managers: {str(e)}{RESET}")
+        return False
+
+    return True
+
+
+async def test_edge_cases():
+    """Test edge cases like multiple starts, killing browser during operations, etc."""
+    print(f"\n{INFO}========== Testing Edge Cases =========={RESET}")
+
+    # Step 1: Test multiple starts with the same manager
+    print(f"\n{INFO}1. Testing multiple starts with the same manager{RESET}")
+    browser_config = BrowserConfig(browser_mode="builtin", headless=True)
+    manager = BrowserManager(browser_config=browser_config, logger=logger)
+
+    try:
+        await manager.start()
+        print(f"{SUCCESS}First start successful{RESET}")
+
+        # Try to start again
+        await manager.start()
+        print(f"{SUCCESS}Second start completed without errors{RESET}")
+
+        # Test if it's still functional
+        page, context = await manager.get_page(CrawlerRunConfig())
+        await page.goto("https://example.com")
+        title = await page.title()
+        print(
+            f"{SUCCESS}Page operations work after multiple starts. Title: {title}{RESET}"
+        )
+        await page.close()
+    except Exception as e:
+        print(f"{ERROR}Multiple starts test failed: {str(e)}{RESET}")
+        return False
+    finally:
+        await manager.close()
+
+    # Step 2: Test killing the browser while manager is active
+    print(f"\n{INFO}2. Testing killing the browser while manager is active{RESET}")
+    manager = BrowserManager(browser_config=browser_config, logger=logger)
+
+    try:
+        await manager.start()
+        print(f"{SUCCESS}Manager started{RESET}")
+
+        # Kill the browser directly
+        print(f"{INFO}Killing the browser...{RESET}")
+        await manager.strategy.kill_builtin_browser()
+        print(f"{SUCCESS}Browser killed{RESET}")
+
+        # Try to get a page (should fail or launch a new browser)
+        try:
+            page, context = await manager.get_page(CrawlerRunConfig())
+            print(
+                f"{WARNING}Page request succeeded despite killed browser (might have auto-restarted){RESET}"
+            )
+            title = await page.title()
+            print(f"{SUCCESS}Got page title: {title}{RESET}")
+            await page.close()
+        except Exception as e:
+            print(
+                f"{SUCCESS}Page request failed as expected after browser was killed: {str(e)}{RESET}"
+            )
+    except Exception as e:
+        print(f"{ERROR}Kill during operation test failed: {str(e)}{RESET}")
+        return False
+    finally:
+        await manager.close()
+
+    return True
+
+
+async def cleanup_browsers():
+    """Clean up any remaining builtin browsers"""
+    print(f"\n{INFO}========== Cleaning Up Builtin Browsers =========={RESET}")
+
+    browser_config = BrowserConfig(browser_mode="builtin", headless=True)
+    manager = BrowserManager(browser_config=browser_config, logger=logger)
+
+    try:
+        # No need to start, just access the strategy directly
+        strategy = manager.strategy
+        if isinstance(strategy, BuiltinBrowserStrategy):
+            result = await strategy.kill_builtin_browser()
+            if result:
+                print(f"{SUCCESS}Successfully killed all builtin browsers{RESET}")
+            else:
+                print(f"{WARNING}No builtin browsers found to kill{RESET}")
+        else:
+            print(f"{ERROR}Wrong strategy type: {strategy.__class__.__name__}{RESET}")
+    except Exception as e:
+        print(f"{ERROR}Cleanup failed: {str(e)}{RESET}")
+    finally:
+        # Just to be safe
+        try:
+            await manager.close()
+        except:
+            pass
+
+
+async def test_performance_scaling():
+    """Test performance with multiple browsers and pages.
+
+    This test creates multiple browsers on different ports,
+    spawns multiple pages per browser, and measures performance metrics.
+    """
+    print(f"\n{INFO}========== Testing Performance Scaling =========={RESET}")
+
+    # Configuration parameters
+    num_browsers = 10
+    pages_per_browser = 10
+    total_pages = num_browsers * pages_per_browser
+    base_port = 9222
+
+    # Set up a measuring mechanism for memory
+    import psutil
+    import gc
+
+    # Force garbage collection before starting
+    gc.collect()
+    process = psutil.Process()
+    initial_memory = process.memory_info().rss / 1024 / 1024  # in MB
+    peak_memory = initial_memory
+
+    # Report initial configuration
+    print(
+        f"{INFO}Test configuration: {num_browsers} browsers × {pages_per_browser} pages = {total_pages} total crawls{RESET}"
+    )
+
+    # List to track managers
+    managers: List[BrowserManager] = []
+    all_pages = []
+
+
+
+    # Get crawl4ai home directory
+    crawl4ai_home = os.path.expanduser("~/.crawl4ai")
+    temp_dir = os.path.join(crawl4ai_home, "temp")
+    os.makedirs(temp_dir, exist_ok=True)
+
+    # Create all managers but don't start them yet
+    manager_configs = []
+    for i in range(num_browsers):
+        port = base_port + i
+        browser_config = BrowserConfig(
+            browser_mode="builtin",
+            headless=True,
+            debugging_port=port,
+            user_data_dir=os.path.join(temp_dir, f"browser_profile_{i}"),
+        )
+        manager = BrowserManager(browser_config=browser_config, logger=logger)
+        manager.strategy.shutting_down = True
+        manager_configs.append((manager, i, port))
+
+    # Define async function to start a single manager
+    async def start_manager(manager, index, port):
+        try:
+            await manager.start()
+            return manager
+        except Exception as e:
+            print(
+                f"{ERROR}Failed to start browser {index + 1} on port {port}: {str(e)}{RESET}"
+            )
+            return None
+
+    # Start all managers in parallel
+    start_tasks = [
+        start_manager(manager, i, port) for manager, i, port in manager_configs
+    ]
+    started_managers = await asyncio.gather(*start_tasks)
+
+    # Filter out None values (failed starts) and add to managers list
+    managers = [m for m in started_managers if m is not None]
+
+    if len(managers) == 0:
+        print(f"{ERROR}All browser managers failed to start. Aborting test.{RESET}")
+        return False
+
+    if len(managers) < num_browsers:
+        print(
+            f"{WARNING}Only {len(managers)} out of {num_browsers} browser managers started successfully{RESET}"
+        )
+
+    # Create pages for each browser
+    for i, manager in enumerate(managers):
+        try:
+            pages = await manager.get_pages(CrawlerRunConfig(), count=pages_per_browser)
+            all_pages.extend(pages)
+        except Exception as e:
+            print(f"{ERROR}Failed to create pages for browser {i + 1}: {str(e)}{RESET}")
+
+    # Check memory after page creation
+    gc.collect()
+    current_memory = process.memory_info().rss / 1024 / 1024
+    peak_memory = max(peak_memory, current_memory)
+
+    # Ask for confirmation before loading
+    confirmation = input(
+        f"{WARNING}Do you want to proceed with loading pages? (y/n): {RESET}"
+    )
+    # Step 1: Create and start multiple browser managers in parallel
+    start_time = time.time()
+    
+    if confirmation.lower() == "y":
+        load_start_time = time.time()
+
+        # Function to load a single page
+        async def load_page(page_ctx, index):
+            page, _ = page_ctx
+            try:
+                await page.goto(f"https://example.com/page{index}", timeout=30000)
+                title = await page.title()
+                return title
+            except Exception as e:
+                return f"Error: {str(e)}"
+
+        # Load all pages concurrently
+        load_tasks = [load_page(page_ctx, i) for i, page_ctx in enumerate(all_pages)]
+        load_results = await asyncio.gather(*load_tasks, return_exceptions=True)
+
+        # Count successes and failures
+        successes = sum(
+            1 for r in load_results if isinstance(r, str) and not r.startswith("Error")
+        )
+        failures = len(load_results) - successes
+
+        load_time = time.time() - load_start_time
+        total_test_time = time.time() - start_time
+
+        # Check memory after loading (peak memory)
+        gc.collect()
+        current_memory = process.memory_info().rss / 1024 / 1024
+        peak_memory = max(peak_memory, current_memory)
+
+        # Calculate key metrics
+        memory_per_page = peak_memory / successes if successes > 0 else 0
+        time_per_crawl = total_test_time / successes if successes > 0 else 0
+        crawls_per_second = successes / total_test_time if total_test_time > 0 else 0
+        crawls_per_minute = crawls_per_second * 60
+        crawls_per_hour = crawls_per_minute * 60
+
+        # Print simplified performance summary
+        from rich.console import Console
+        from rich.table import Table
+
+        console = Console()
+
+        # Create a simple summary table
+        table = Table(title="CRAWL4AI PERFORMANCE SUMMARY")
+
+        table.add_column("Metric", style="cyan")
+        table.add_column("Value", style="green")
+
+        table.add_row("Total Crawls Completed", f"{successes}")
+        table.add_row("Total Time", f"{total_test_time:.2f} seconds")
+        table.add_row("Time Per Crawl", f"{time_per_crawl:.2f} seconds")
+        table.add_row("Crawling Speed", f"{crawls_per_second:.2f} crawls/second")
+        table.add_row("Projected Rate (1 minute)", f"{crawls_per_minute:.0f} crawls")
+        table.add_row("Projected Rate (1 hour)", f"{crawls_per_hour:.0f} crawls")
+        table.add_row("Peak Memory Usage", f"{peak_memory:.2f} MB")
+        table.add_row("Memory Per Crawl", f"{memory_per_page:.2f} MB")
+
+        # Display the table
+        console.print(table)
+
+    # Ask confirmation before cleanup
+    confirmation = input(
+        f"{WARNING}Do you want to proceed with cleanup? (y/n): {RESET}"
+    )
+    if confirmation.lower() != "y":
+        print(f"{WARNING}Cleanup aborted by user{RESET}")
+        return False
+
+    # Close all pages
+    for page, _ in all_pages:
+        try:
+            await page.close()
+        except:
+            pass
+
+    # Close all managers
+    for manager in managers:
+        try:
+            await manager.close()
+        except:
+            pass
+
+    # Remove the temp directory
+    import shutil
+
+    if os.path.exists(temp_dir):
+        shutil.rmtree(temp_dir)
+
+    return True
+
+
+async def test_performance_scaling_lab( num_browsers: int = 10, pages_per_browser: int = 10):
+    """Test performance with multiple browsers and pages.
+
+    This test creates multiple browsers on different ports,
+    spawns multiple pages per browser, and measures performance metrics.
+    """
+    print(f"\n{INFO}========== Testing Performance Scaling =========={RESET}")
+
+    # Configuration parameters
+    num_browsers = num_browsers
+    pages_per_browser = pages_per_browser
+    total_pages = num_browsers * pages_per_browser
+    base_port = 9222
+
+    # Set up a measuring mechanism for memory
+    import psutil
+    import gc
+
+    # Force garbage collection before starting
+    gc.collect()
+    process = psutil.Process()
+    initial_memory = process.memory_info().rss / 1024 / 1024  # in MB
+    peak_memory = initial_memory
+
+    # Report initial configuration
+    print(
+        f"{INFO}Test configuration: {num_browsers} browsers × {pages_per_browser} pages = {total_pages} total crawls{RESET}"
+    )
+
+    # List to track managers
+    managers: List[BrowserManager] = []
+    all_pages = []
+
+    # Get crawl4ai home directory
+    crawl4ai_home = os.path.expanduser("~/.crawl4ai")
+    temp_dir = os.path.join(crawl4ai_home, "temp")
+    os.makedirs(temp_dir, exist_ok=True)
+
+    # Create all managers but don't start them yet
+    manager_configs = []
+    for i in range(num_browsers):
+        port = base_port + i
+        browser_config = BrowserConfig(
+            browser_mode="builtin",
+            headless=True,
+            debugging_port=port,
+            user_data_dir=os.path.join(temp_dir, f"browser_profile_{i}"),
+        )
+        manager = BrowserManager(browser_config=browser_config, logger=logger)
+        manager.strategy.shutting_down = True
+        manager_configs.append((manager, i, port))
+
+    # Define async function to start a single manager
+    async def start_manager(manager, index, port):
+        try:
+            await manager.start()
+            return manager
+        except Exception as e:
+            print(
+                f"{ERROR}Failed to start browser {index + 1} on port {port}: {str(e)}{RESET}"
+            )
+            return None
+
+    # Start all managers in parallel
+    start_tasks = [
+        start_manager(manager, i, port) for manager, i, port in manager_configs
+    ]
+    started_managers = await asyncio.gather(*start_tasks)
+
+    # Filter out None values (failed starts) and add to managers list
+    managers = [m for m in started_managers if m is not None]
+
+    if len(managers) == 0:
+        print(f"{ERROR}All browser managers failed to start. Aborting test.{RESET}")
+        return False
+
+    if len(managers) < num_browsers:
+        print(
+            f"{WARNING}Only {len(managers)} out of {num_browsers} browser managers started successfully{RESET}"
+        )
+
+    # Create pages for each browser
+    for i, manager in enumerate(managers):
+        try:
+            pages = await manager.get_pages(CrawlerRunConfig(), count=pages_per_browser)
+            all_pages.extend(pages)
+        except Exception as e:
+            print(f"{ERROR}Failed to create pages for browser {i + 1}: {str(e)}{RESET}")
+
+    # Check memory after page creation
+    gc.collect()
+    current_memory = process.memory_info().rss / 1024 / 1024
+    peak_memory = max(peak_memory, current_memory)
+
+    # Ask for confirmation before loading
+    confirmation = input(
+        f"{WARNING}Do you want to proceed with loading pages? (y/n): {RESET}"
+    )
+    # Step 1: Create and start multiple browser managers in parallel
+    start_time = time.time()
+    
+    if confirmation.lower() == "y":
+        load_start_time = time.time()
+
+        # Function to load a single page
+        async def load_page(page_ctx, index):
+            page, _ = page_ctx
+            try:
+                await page.goto(f"https://example.com/page{index}", timeout=30000)
+                title = await page.title()
+                return title
+            except Exception as e:
+                return f"Error: {str(e)}"
+
+        # Load all pages concurrently
+        load_tasks = [load_page(page_ctx, i) for i, page_ctx in enumerate(all_pages)]
+        load_results = await asyncio.gather(*load_tasks, return_exceptions=True)
+
+        # Count successes and failures
+        successes = sum(
+            1 for r in load_results if isinstance(r, str) and not r.startswith("Error")
+        )
+        failures = len(load_results) - successes
+
+        load_time = time.time() - load_start_time
+        total_test_time = time.time() - start_time
+
+        # Check memory after loading (peak memory)
+        gc.collect()
+        current_memory = process.memory_info().rss / 1024 / 1024
+        peak_memory = max(peak_memory, current_memory)
+
+        # Calculate key metrics
+        memory_per_page = peak_memory / successes if successes > 0 else 0
+        time_per_crawl = total_test_time / successes if successes > 0 else 0
+        crawls_per_second = successes / total_test_time if total_test_time > 0 else 0
+        crawls_per_minute = crawls_per_second * 60
+        crawls_per_hour = crawls_per_minute * 60
+
+        # Print simplified performance summary
+        from rich.console import Console
+        from rich.table import Table
+
+        console = Console()
+
+        # Create a simple summary table
+        table = Table(title="CRAWL4AI PERFORMANCE SUMMARY")
+
+        table.add_column("Metric", style="cyan")
+        table.add_column("Value", style="green")
+
+        table.add_row("Total Crawls Completed", f"{successes}")
+        table.add_row("Total Time", f"{total_test_time:.2f} seconds")
+        table.add_row("Time Per Crawl", f"{time_per_crawl:.2f} seconds")
+        table.add_row("Crawling Speed", f"{crawls_per_second:.2f} crawls/second")
+        table.add_row("Projected Rate (1 minute)", f"{crawls_per_minute:.0f} crawls")
+        table.add_row("Projected Rate (1 hour)", f"{crawls_per_hour:.0f} crawls")
+        table.add_row("Peak Memory Usage", f"{peak_memory:.2f} MB")
+        table.add_row("Memory Per Crawl", f"{memory_per_page:.2f} MB")
+
+        # Display the table
+        console.print(table)
+
+    # Ask confirmation before cleanup
+    confirmation = input(
+        f"{WARNING}Do you want to proceed with cleanup? (y/n): {RESET}"
+    )
+    if confirmation.lower() != "y":
+        print(f"{WARNING}Cleanup aborted by user{RESET}")
+        return False
+
+    # Close all pages
+    for page, _ in all_pages:
+        try:
+            await page.close()
+        except:
+            pass
+
+    # Close all managers
+    for manager in managers:
+        try:
+            await manager.close()
+        except:
+            pass
+
+    # Remove the temp directory
+    import shutil
+
+    if os.path.exists(temp_dir):
+        shutil.rmtree(temp_dir)
+
+    return True
+
+
+
+async def main():
+    """Run all tests"""
+    try:
+        print(f"{INFO}Starting builtin browser tests with browser module{RESET}")
+
+        # # Run browser creation test
+        # manager, cdp_url = await test_builtin_browser_creation()
+        # if not manager:
+        #     print(f"{ERROR}Browser creation failed, cannot continue tests{RESET}")
+        #     return
+
+        # # Run page operations test
+        # await test_page_operations(manager)
+
+        # # Run browser status and management test
+        # await test_browser_status_management(manager)
+
+        # # Close manager before multiple manager test
+        # await manager.close()
+
+        # Run multiple managers test
+        await test_multiple_managers()
+
+        # Run performance scaling test
+        await test_performance_scaling()
+
+        # Run cleanup test
+        await cleanup_browsers()
+
+        # Run edge cases test
+        await test_edge_cases()
+
+        print(f"\n{SUCCESS}All tests completed!{RESET}")
+
+    except Exception as e:
+        print(f"\n{ERROR}Test failed with error: {str(e)}{RESET}")
+        import traceback
+
+        traceback.print_exc()
+    finally:
+        # Clean up: kill any remaining builtin browsers
+        await cleanup_browsers()
+        print(f"{SUCCESS}Test cleanup complete{RESET}")
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    asyncio.run(main())

tests/browser/test_builtin_strategy.py

@@ -0,0 +1,160 @@
+"""Test examples for BuiltinBrowserStrategy.
+
+These examples demonstrate the functionality of BuiltinBrowserStrategy
+and serve as functional tests.
+"""
+
+import asyncio
+import os
+import sys
+
+# Add the project root to Python path if running directly
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    sys.path.insert(0, os.path.abspath(os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), '../..')))
+
+from crawl4ai.browser import BrowserManager
+from crawl4ai.async_configs import BrowserConfig, CrawlerRunConfig
+from crawl4ai.async_logger import AsyncLogger
+
+# Create a logger for clear terminal output
+logger = AsyncLogger(verbose=True, log_file=None)
+
+async def test_builtin_browser():
+    """Test using a builtin browser that persists between sessions."""
+    logger.info("Testing builtin browser", tag="TEST")
+    
+    browser_config = BrowserConfig(
+        browser_mode="builtin",
+        headless=True
+    )
+    
+    manager = BrowserManager(browser_config=browser_config, logger=logger)
+    
+    try:
+        # Start should connect to existing builtin browser or create one
+        await manager.start()
+        logger.info("Connected to builtin browser", tag="TEST")
+        
+        # Test page creation
+        crawler_config = CrawlerRunConfig()
+        page, context = await manager.get_page(crawler_config)
+        
+        # Test navigation
+        await page.goto("https://example.com")
+        title = await page.title()
+        logger.info(f"Page title: {title}", tag="TEST")
+        
+        # Close manager (should not close the builtin browser)
+        await manager.close()
+        logger.info("First session closed", tag="TEST")
+        
+        # Create a second manager to verify browser persistence
+        logger.info("Creating second session to verify persistence", tag="TEST")
+        manager2 = BrowserManager(browser_config=browser_config, logger=logger)
+        
+        await manager2.start()
+        logger.info("Connected to existing builtin browser", tag="TEST")
+        
+        page2, context2 = await manager2.get_page(crawler_config)
+        await page2.goto("https://example.org")
+        title2 = await page2.title()
+        logger.info(f"Second session page title: {title2}", tag="TEST")
+        
+        await manager2.close()
+        logger.info("Second session closed successfully", tag="TEST")
+        
+        return True
+    except Exception as e:
+        logger.error(f"Test failed: {str(e)}", tag="TEST")
+        try:
+            await manager.close()
+        except:
+            pass
+        return False
+
+async def test_builtin_browser_status():
+    """Test getting status of the builtin browser."""
+    logger.info("Testing builtin browser status", tag="TEST")
+    
+    from crawl4ai.browser.strategies import BuiltinBrowserStrategy
+    
+    browser_config = BrowserConfig(
+        browser_mode="builtin",
+        headless=True
+    )
+    
+    # Create strategy directly to access its status methods
+    strategy = BuiltinBrowserStrategy(browser_config, logger)
+    
+    try:
+        # Get status before starting (should be not running)
+        status_before = await strategy.get_builtin_browser_status()
+        logger.info(f"Initial status: {status_before}", tag="TEST")
+        
+        # Start the browser
+        await strategy.start()
+        logger.info("Browser started successfully", tag="TEST")
+        
+        # Get status after starting
+        status_after = await strategy.get_builtin_browser_status()
+        logger.info(f"Status after start: {status_after}", tag="TEST")
+        
+        # Create a page to verify functionality
+        crawler_config = CrawlerRunConfig()
+        page, context = await strategy.get_page(crawler_config)
+        await page.goto("https://example.com")
+        title = await page.title()
+        logger.info(f"Page title: {title}", tag="TEST")
+        
+        # Close strategy (should not kill the builtin browser)
+        await strategy.close()
+        logger.info("Strategy closed successfully", tag="TEST")
+        
+        # Create a new strategy object
+        strategy2 = BuiltinBrowserStrategy(browser_config, logger)
+        
+        # Get status again (should still be running)
+        status_final = await strategy2.get_builtin_browser_status()
+        logger.info(f"Final status: {status_final}", tag="TEST")
+        
+        # Verify that the status shows the browser is running
+        is_running = status_final.get('running', False)
+        logger.info(f"Builtin browser persistence confirmed: {is_running}", tag="TEST")
+        
+        # Kill the builtin browser to clean up
+        logger.info("Killing builtin browser", tag="TEST")
+        success = await strategy2.kill_builtin_browser()
+        logger.info(f"Killed builtin browser successfully: {success}", tag="TEST")
+        
+        return is_running and success
+    except Exception as e:
+        logger.error(f"Test failed: {str(e)}", tag="TEST")
+        try:
+            await strategy.close()
+            
+            # Try to kill the builtin browser to clean up
+            strategy2 = BuiltinBrowserStrategy(browser_config, logger)
+            await strategy2.kill_builtin_browser()
+        except:
+            pass
+        return False
+
+async def run_tests():
+    """Run all tests sequentially."""
+    results = []
+    
+    results.append(await test_builtin_browser())
+    results.append(await test_builtin_browser_status())
+    
+    # Print summary
+    total = len(results)
+    passed = sum(results)
+    logger.info(f"Tests complete: {passed}/{total} passed", tag="SUMMARY")
+    
+    if passed == total:
+        logger.success("All tests passed!", tag="SUMMARY")
+    else:
+        logger.error(f"{total - passed} tests failed", tag="SUMMARY")
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    asyncio.run(run_tests())

tests/browser/test_cdp_strategy.py

@@ -0,0 +1,228 @@
+"""Test examples for CDPBrowserStrategy.
+
+These examples demonstrate the functionality of CDPBrowserStrategy
+and serve as functional tests.
+"""
+
+import asyncio
+import os
+import sys
+
+# Add the project root to Python path if running directly
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    sys.path.insert(0, os.path.abspath(os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), '../..')))
+
+from crawl4ai.browser import BrowserManager
+from crawl4ai.async_configs import BrowserConfig, CrawlerRunConfig
+from crawl4ai.async_logger import AsyncLogger
+
+# Create a logger for clear terminal output
+logger = AsyncLogger(verbose=True, log_file=None)
+
+async def test_cdp_launch_connect():
+    """Test launching a browser and connecting via CDP."""
+    logger.info("Testing launch and connect via CDP", tag="TEST")
+    
+    browser_config = BrowserConfig(
+        use_managed_browser=True,
+        browser_mode="cdp",
+        headless=True
+    )
+    
+    manager = BrowserManager(browser_config=browser_config, logger=logger)
+    
+    try:
+        await manager.start()
+        logger.info("Browser launched and connected via CDP", tag="TEST")
+        
+        # Test with multiple pages
+        pages = []
+        for i in range(3):
+            crawler_config = CrawlerRunConfig()
+            page, context = await manager.get_page(crawler_config)
+            await page.goto(f"https://example.com?test={i}")
+            pages.append(page)
+            logger.info(f"Created page {i+1}", tag="TEST")
+        
+        # Verify all pages are working
+        for i, page in enumerate(pages):
+            title = await page.title()
+            logger.info(f"Page {i+1} title: {title}", tag="TEST")
+        
+        await manager.close()
+        logger.info("Browser closed successfully", tag="TEST")
+        
+        return True
+    except Exception as e:
+        logger.error(f"Test failed: {str(e)}", tag="TEST")
+        try:
+            await manager.close()
+        except:
+            pass
+        return False
+
+async def test_cdp_with_user_data_dir():
+    """Test CDP browser with a user data directory."""
+    logger.info("Testing CDP browser with user data directory", tag="TEST")
+    
+    # Create a temporary user data directory
+    import tempfile
+    user_data_dir = tempfile.mkdtemp(prefix="crawl4ai-test-")
+    logger.info(f"Created temporary user data directory: {user_data_dir}", tag="TEST")
+    
+    browser_config = BrowserConfig(
+        headless=True,
+        browser_mode="cdp",
+        user_data_dir=user_data_dir
+    )
+    
+    manager = BrowserManager(browser_config=browser_config, logger=logger)
+    
+    try:
+        await manager.start()
+        logger.info("Browser launched with user data directory", tag="TEST")
+        
+        # Navigate to a page and store some data
+        crawler_config = CrawlerRunConfig()
+        page, context = await manager.get_page(crawler_config)
+        
+        # Set a cookie
+        await context.add_cookies([{
+            "name": "test_cookie",
+            "value": "test_value",
+            "url": "https://example.com"
+        }])
+        
+        # Visit the site
+        await page.goto("https://example.com")
+        
+        # Verify cookie was set
+        cookies = await context.cookies(["https://example.com"])
+        has_test_cookie = any(cookie["name"] == "test_cookie" for cookie in cookies)
+        logger.info(f"Cookie set successfully: {has_test_cookie}", tag="TEST")
+        
+        # Close the browser
+        await manager.close()
+        logger.info("First browser session closed", tag="TEST")
+        
+        # Start a new browser with the same user data directory
+        logger.info("Starting second browser session with same user data directory", tag="TEST")
+        manager2 = BrowserManager(browser_config=browser_config, logger=logger)
+        await manager2.start()
+        
+        # Get a new page and check if the cookie persists
+        page2, context2 = await manager2.get_page(crawler_config)
+        await page2.goto("https://example.com")
+        
+        # Verify cookie persisted
+        cookies2 = await context2.cookies(["https://example.com"])
+        has_test_cookie2 = any(cookie["name"] == "test_cookie" for cookie in cookies2)
+        logger.info(f"Cookie persisted across sessions: {has_test_cookie2}", tag="TEST")
+        
+        # Clean up
+        await manager2.close()
+        
+        # Remove temporary directory
+        import shutil
+        shutil.rmtree(user_data_dir, ignore_errors=True)
+        logger.info(f"Removed temporary user data directory", tag="TEST")
+        
+        return has_test_cookie and has_test_cookie2
+    except Exception as e:
+        logger.error(f"Test failed: {str(e)}", tag="TEST")
+        try:
+            await manager.close()
+        except:
+            pass
+            
+        # Clean up temporary directory
+        try:
+            import shutil
+            shutil.rmtree(user_data_dir, ignore_errors=True)
+        except:
+            pass
+            
+        return False
+
+async def test_cdp_session_management():
+    """Test session management with CDP browser."""
+    logger.info("Testing session management with CDP browser", tag="TEST")
+    
+    browser_config = BrowserConfig(
+        use_managed_browser=True,
+        headless=True
+    )
+    
+    manager = BrowserManager(browser_config=browser_config, logger=logger)
+    
+    try:
+        await manager.start()
+        logger.info("Browser launched successfully", tag="TEST")
+        
+        # Create two sessions
+        session1_id = "test_session_1"
+        session2_id = "test_session_2"
+        
+        # Set up first session
+        crawler_config1 = CrawlerRunConfig(session_id=session1_id)
+        page1, context1 = await manager.get_page(crawler_config1)
+        await page1.goto("https://example.com")
+        await page1.evaluate("localStorage.setItem('session1_data', 'test_value')")
+        logger.info(f"Set up session 1 with ID: {session1_id}", tag="TEST")
+        
+        # Set up second session
+        crawler_config2 = CrawlerRunConfig(session_id=session2_id)
+        page2, context2 = await manager.get_page(crawler_config2)
+        await page2.goto("https://example.org")
+        await page2.evaluate("localStorage.setItem('session2_data', 'test_value2')")
+        logger.info(f"Set up session 2 with ID: {session2_id}", tag="TEST")
+        
+        # Get first session again
+        page1_again, _ = await manager.get_page(crawler_config1)
+        
+        # Verify it's the same page and data persists
+        is_same_page = page1 == page1_again
+        data1 = await page1_again.evaluate("localStorage.getItem('session1_data')")
+        logger.info(f"Session 1 reuse successful: {is_same_page}, data: {data1}", tag="TEST")
+        
+        # Kill first session
+        await manager.kill_session(session1_id)
+        logger.info(f"Killed session 1", tag="TEST")
+        
+        # Verify second session still works
+        data2 = await page2.evaluate("localStorage.getItem('session2_data')")
+        logger.info(f"Session 2 still functional after killing session 1, data: {data2}", tag="TEST")
+        
+        # Clean up
+        await manager.close()
+        logger.info("Browser closed successfully", tag="TEST")
+        
+        return is_same_page and data1 == "test_value" and data2 == "test_value2"
+    except Exception as e:
+        logger.error(f"Test failed: {str(e)}", tag="TEST")
+        try:
+            await manager.close()
+        except:
+            pass
+        return False
+
+async def run_tests():
+    """Run all tests sequentially."""
+    results = []
+    
+    # results.append(await test_cdp_launch_connect())
+    results.append(await test_cdp_with_user_data_dir())
+    results.append(await test_cdp_session_management())
+    
+    # Print summary
+    total = len(results)
+    passed = sum(results)
+    logger.info(f"Tests complete: {passed}/{total} passed", tag="SUMMARY")
+    
+    if passed == total:
+        logger.success("All tests passed!", tag="SUMMARY")
+    else:
+        logger.error(f"{total - passed} tests failed", tag="SUMMARY")
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    asyncio.run(run_tests())

tests/browser/test_combined.py

@@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
+"""Combined test runner for all browser module tests.
+
+This script runs all the browser module tests in sequence and
+provides a comprehensive summary.
+"""
+
+import asyncio
+import os
+import sys
+import time
+
+# Add the project root to Python path if running directly
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    sys.path.insert(0, os.path.abspath(os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), '../..')))
+
+from crawl4ai.async_logger import AsyncLogger
+
+# Create a logger for clear terminal output
+logger = AsyncLogger(verbose=True, log_file=None)
+
+async def run_test_module(module_name, header):
+    """Run all tests in a module and return results."""
+    logger.info(f"\n{'-'*30}", tag="TEST")
+    logger.info(f"RUNNING: {header}", tag="TEST")
+    logger.info(f"{'-'*30}", tag="TEST")
+    
+    # Import the module dynamically
+    module = __import__(f"tests.browser.{module_name}", fromlist=["run_tests"])
+    
+    # Track time for performance measurement
+    start_time = time.time()
+    
+    # Run the tests
+    await module.run_tests()
+    
+    # Calculate time taken
+    time_taken = time.time() - start_time
+    logger.info(f"Time taken: {time_taken:.2f} seconds", tag="TIMING")
+    
+    return time_taken
+
+async def main():
+    """Run all test modules."""
+    logger.info("STARTING COMPREHENSIVE BROWSER MODULE TESTS", tag="MAIN")
+    
+    # List of test modules to run
+    test_modules = [
+        ("test_browser_manager", "Browser Manager Tests"),
+        ("test_playwright_strategy", "Playwright Strategy Tests"),
+        ("test_cdp_strategy", "CDP Strategy Tests"),
+        ("test_builtin_strategy", "Builtin Browser Strategy Tests"),
+        ("test_profiles", "Profile Management Tests")
+    ]
+    
+    # Run each test module
+    timings = {}
+    for module_name, header in test_modules:
+        try:
+            time_taken = await run_test_module(module_name, header)
+            timings[module_name] = time_taken
+        except Exception as e:
+            logger.error(f"Error running {module_name}: {str(e)}", tag="ERROR")
+    
+    # Print summary
+    logger.info("\n\nTEST SUMMARY:", tag="SUMMARY")
+    logger.info(f"{'-'*50}", tag="SUMMARY")
+    for module_name, header in test_modules:
+        if module_name in timings:
+            logger.info(f"{header}: {timings[module_name]:.2f} seconds", tag="SUMMARY")
+        else:
+            logger.error(f"{header}: FAILED TO RUN", tag="SUMMARY")
+    logger.info(f"{'-'*50}", tag="SUMMARY")
+    total_time = sum(timings.values())
+    logger.info(f"Total time: {total_time:.2f} seconds", tag="SUMMARY")
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    asyncio.run(main())

tests/browser/test_launch_standalone.py

@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+from crawl4ai.browser_profiler import BrowserProfiler
+import asyncio
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    # Test launching a standalone browser
+    async def test_standalone_browser():
+        profiler = BrowserProfiler()
+        cdp_url = await profiler.launch_standalone_browser(
+            browser_type="chromium",
+            user_data_dir="~/.crawl4ai/browser_profile/test-browser-data",
+            debugging_port=9222,
+            headless=False
+        )
+        print(f"CDP URL: {cdp_url}")
+
+    asyncio.run(test_standalone_browser())

tests/browser/test_parallel_crawling.py

@@ -0,0 +1,902 @@
+"""
+Test examples for parallel crawling with the browser module.
+
+These examples demonstrate the functionality of parallel page creation
+and serve as functional tests for multi-page crawling performance.
+"""
+
+import asyncio
+import os
+import sys
+import time
+from typing import List
+
+# Add the project root to Python path if running directly
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    sys.path.insert(0, os.path.abspath(os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), '../..')))
+
+from crawl4ai.browser import BrowserManager
+from crawl4ai.async_configs import BrowserConfig, CrawlerRunConfig
+from crawl4ai.async_logger import AsyncLogger
+
+# Create a logger for clear terminal output
+logger = AsyncLogger(verbose=True, log_file=None)
+
+async def test_get_pages_basic():
+    """Test basic functionality of get_pages method."""
+    logger.info("Testing basic get_pages functionality", tag="TEST")
+    
+    browser_config = BrowserConfig(headless=True)
+    manager = BrowserManager(browser_config=browser_config, logger=logger)
+    
+    try:
+        await manager.start()
+        
+        # Request 3 pages
+        crawler_config = CrawlerRunConfig()
+        pages = await manager.get_pages(crawler_config, count=3)
+        
+        # Verify we got the correct number of pages
+        assert len(pages) == 3, f"Expected 3 pages, got {len(pages)}"
+        
+        # Verify each page is valid
+        for i, (page, context) in enumerate(pages):
+            await page.goto("https://example.com")
+            title = await page.title()
+            logger.info(f"Page {i+1} title: {title}", tag="TEST")
+            assert title, f"Page {i+1} has no title"
+        
+        await manager.close()
+        logger.success("Basic get_pages test completed successfully", tag="TEST")
+        return True
+    except Exception as e:
+        logger.error(f"Test failed: {str(e)}", tag="TEST")
+        try:
+            await manager.close()
+        except:
+            pass
+        return False
+
+async def test_parallel_approaches_comparison():
+    """Compare two parallel crawling approaches:
+    1. Create a page for each URL on-demand (get_page + gather)
+    2. Get all pages upfront with get_pages, then use them (get_pages + gather)
+    """
+    logger.info("Comparing different parallel crawling approaches", tag="TEST")
+    
+    urls = [
+        "https://example.com/page1",
+        "https://crawl4ai.com",
+        "https://kidocode.com",
+        "https://bbc.com",
+        # "https://example.com/page1",
+        # "https://example.com/page2",
+        # "https://example.com/page3",
+        # "https://example.com/page4",
+    ]
+    
+    browser_config = BrowserConfig(headless=False)
+    manager = BrowserManager(browser_config=browser_config, logger=logger)
+    
+    try:
+        await manager.start()
+        
+        # Approach 1: Create a page for each URL on-demand and run in parallel
+        logger.info("Testing approach 1: get_page for each URL + gather", tag="TEST")
+        start_time = time.time()
+        
+        async def fetch_title_approach1(url):
+            """Create a new page for each URL, go to the URL, and get title"""
+            crawler_config = CrawlerRunConfig(url=url)
+            page, context = await manager.get_page(crawler_config)
+            try:
+                await page.goto(url)
+                title = await page.title()
+                return title
+            finally:
+                await page.close()
+        
+        # Run fetch_title_approach1 for each URL in parallel
+        tasks = [fetch_title_approach1(url) for url in urls]
+        approach1_results = await asyncio.gather(*tasks)
+        
+        approach1_time = time.time() - start_time
+        logger.info(f"Approach 1 time (get_page + gather): {approach1_time:.2f}s", tag="TEST")
+        
+        # Approach 2: Get all pages upfront with get_pages, then use them in parallel
+        logger.info("Testing approach 2: get_pages upfront + gather", tag="TEST")
+        start_time = time.time()
+        
+        # Get all pages upfront
+        crawler_config = CrawlerRunConfig()
+        pages = await manager.get_pages(crawler_config, count=len(urls))
+        
+        async def fetch_title_approach2(page_ctx, url):
+            """Use a pre-created page to go to URL and get title"""
+            page, _ = page_ctx
+            try:
+                await page.goto(url)
+                title = await page.title()
+                return title
+            finally:
+                await page.close()
+        
+        # Use the pre-created pages to fetch titles in parallel
+        tasks = [fetch_title_approach2(page_ctx, url) for page_ctx, url in zip(pages, urls)]
+        approach2_results = await asyncio.gather(*tasks)
+        
+        approach2_time = time.time() - start_time
+        logger.info(f"Approach 2 time (get_pages + gather): {approach2_time:.2f}s", tag="TEST")
+        
+        # Compare results and performance
+        speedup = approach1_time / approach2_time if approach2_time > 0 else 0
+        if speedup > 1:
+            logger.success(f"Approach 2 (get_pages upfront) was {speedup:.2f}x faster", tag="TEST")
+        else:
+            logger.info(f"Approach 1 (get_page + gather) was {1/speedup:.2f}x faster", tag="TEST")
+        
+        # Verify same content was retrieved in both approaches
+        assert len(approach1_results) == len(approach2_results), "Result count mismatch"
+        
+        # Sort results for comparison since parallel execution might complete in different order
+        assert sorted(approach1_results) == sorted(approach2_results), "Results content mismatch"
+        
+        await manager.close()
+        return True
+        
+    except Exception as e:
+        logger.error(f"Test failed: {str(e)}", tag="TEST")
+        try:
+            await manager.close()
+        except:
+            pass
+        return False
+
+async def test_multi_browser_scaling(num_browsers=3, pages_per_browser=5):
+    """Test performance with multiple browsers and pages per browser.
+    Compares two approaches:
+    1. On-demand page creation (get_page + gather)
+    2. Pre-created pages (get_pages + gather)
+    """
+    logger.info(f"Testing multi-browser scaling with {num_browsers} browsers × {pages_per_browser} pages", tag="TEST")
+    
+    # Generate test URLs
+    total_pages = num_browsers * pages_per_browser
+    urls = [f"https://example.com/page_{i}" for i in range(total_pages)]
+    
+    # Create browser managers
+    managers = []
+    base_port = 9222
+    
+    try:
+        # Start all browsers in parallel
+        start_tasks = []
+        for i in range(num_browsers):
+            browser_config = BrowserConfig(
+                headless=True  # Using default browser mode like in test_parallel_approaches_comparison
+            )
+            manager = BrowserManager(browser_config=browser_config, logger=logger)
+            start_tasks.append(manager.start())
+            managers.append(manager)
+        
+        await asyncio.gather(*start_tasks)
+        
+        # Distribute URLs among managers
+        urls_per_manager = {}
+        for i, manager in enumerate(managers):
+            start_idx = i * pages_per_browser
+            end_idx = min(start_idx + pages_per_browser, len(urls))
+            urls_per_manager[manager] = urls[start_idx:end_idx]
+        
+        # Approach 1: Create a page for each URL on-demand and run in parallel
+        logger.info("Testing approach 1: get_page for each URL + gather", tag="TEST")
+        start_time = time.time()
+        
+        async def fetch_title_approach1(manager, url):
+            """Create a new page for the URL, go to the URL, and get title"""
+            crawler_config = CrawlerRunConfig(url=url)
+            page, context = await manager.get_page(crawler_config)
+            try:
+                await page.goto(url)
+                title = await page.title()
+                return title
+            finally:
+                await page.close()
+        
+        # Run fetch_title_approach1 for each URL in parallel
+        tasks = []
+        for manager, manager_urls in urls_per_manager.items():
+            for url in manager_urls:
+                tasks.append(fetch_title_approach1(manager, url))
+        
+        approach1_results = await asyncio.gather(*tasks)
+        
+        approach1_time = time.time() - start_time
+        logger.info(f"Approach 1 time (get_page + gather): {approach1_time:.2f}s", tag="TEST")
+        
+        # Approach 2: Get all pages upfront with get_pages, then use them in parallel
+        logger.info("Testing approach 2: get_pages upfront + gather", tag="TEST")
+        start_time = time.time()
+        
+        # Get all pages upfront for each manager
+        all_pages = []
+        for manager, manager_urls in urls_per_manager.items():
+            crawler_config = CrawlerRunConfig()
+            pages = await manager.get_pages(crawler_config, count=len(manager_urls))
+            all_pages.extend(zip(pages, manager_urls))
+        
+        async def fetch_title_approach2(page_ctx, url):
+            """Use a pre-created page to go to URL and get title"""
+            page, _ = page_ctx
+            try:
+                await page.goto(url)
+                title = await page.title()
+                return title
+            finally:
+                await page.close()
+        
+        # Use the pre-created pages to fetch titles in parallel
+        tasks = [fetch_title_approach2(page_ctx, url) for page_ctx, url in all_pages]
+        approach2_results = await asyncio.gather(*tasks)
+        
+        approach2_time = time.time() - start_time
+        logger.info(f"Approach 2 time (get_pages + gather): {approach2_time:.2f}s", tag="TEST")
+        
+        # Compare results and performance
+        speedup = approach1_time / approach2_time if approach2_time > 0 else 0
+        pages_per_second = total_pages / approach2_time
+        
+        # Show a simple summary
+        logger.info(f"📊 Summary: {num_browsers} browsers × {pages_per_browser} pages = {total_pages} total crawls", tag="TEST")
+        logger.info(f"⚡ Performance: {pages_per_second:.1f} pages/second ({pages_per_second*60:.0f} pages/minute)", tag="TEST")
+        logger.info(f"🚀 Total crawl time: {approach2_time:.2f} seconds", tag="TEST")
+        
+        if speedup > 1:
+            logger.success(f"✅ Approach 2 (get_pages upfront) was {speedup:.2f}x faster", tag="TEST")
+        else:
+            logger.info(f"✅ Approach 1 (get_page + gather) was {1/speedup:.2f}x faster", tag="TEST")
+        
+        # Close all managers
+        for manager in managers:
+            await manager.close()
+        
+        return True
+    
+    except Exception as e:
+        logger.error(f"Test failed: {str(e)}", tag="TEST")
+        # Clean up
+        for manager in managers:
+            try:
+                await manager.close()
+            except:
+                pass
+        return False
+
+async def grid_search_optimal_configuration(total_urls=50):
+    """Perform a grid search to find the optimal balance between number of browsers and pages per browser.
+    
+    This function tests different combinations of browser count and pages per browser,
+    while keeping the total number of URLs constant. It measures performance metrics
+    for each configuration to find the "sweet spot" that provides the best speed 
+    with reasonable memory usage.
+    
+    Args:
+        total_urls: Total number of URLs to crawl (default: 50)
+    """
+    logger.info(f"=== GRID SEARCH FOR OPTIMAL CRAWLING CONFIGURATION ({total_urls} URLs) ===", tag="TEST")
+    
+    # Generate test URLs once
+    urls = [f"https://example.com/page_{i}" for i in range(total_urls)]
+    
+    # Define grid search configurations
+    # We'll use more flexible approach: test all browser counts from 1 to min(20, total_urls)
+    # and distribute pages evenly (some browsers may have 1 more page than others)
+    configurations = []
+    
+    # Maximum number of browsers to test
+    max_browsers_to_test = min(20, total_urls)
+    
+    # Try configurations with 1 to max_browsers_to_test browsers
+    for num_browsers in range(1, max_browsers_to_test + 1):
+        base_pages_per_browser = total_urls // num_browsers
+        remainder = total_urls % num_browsers
+        
+        # Generate exact page distribution array
+        if remainder > 0:
+            # First 'remainder' browsers get one more page
+            page_distribution = [base_pages_per_browser + 1] * remainder + [base_pages_per_browser] * (num_browsers - remainder)
+            pages_distribution = f"{base_pages_per_browser+1} pages × {remainder} browsers, {base_pages_per_browser} pages × {num_browsers - remainder} browsers"
+        else:
+            # All browsers get the same number of pages
+            page_distribution = [base_pages_per_browser] * num_browsers
+            pages_distribution = f"{base_pages_per_browser} pages × {num_browsers} browsers"
+        
+        # Format the distribution as a tuple string like (4, 4, 3, 3)
+        distribution_str = str(tuple(page_distribution))
+            
+        configurations.append((num_browsers, base_pages_per_browser, pages_distribution, page_distribution, distribution_str))
+    
+    # Track results
+    results = []
+    
+    # Test each configuration
+    for num_browsers, pages_per_browser, pages_distribution, page_distribution, distribution_str in configurations:
+        logger.info("-" * 80, tag="TEST")
+        logger.info(f"Testing configuration: {num_browsers} browsers with distribution: {distribution_str}", tag="TEST")
+        logger.info(f"Details: {pages_distribution}", tag="TEST")
+        # Sleep a bit for randomness
+        await asyncio.sleep(0.5)
+        
+        try:
+            # Import psutil for memory tracking
+            try:
+                import psutil
+                process = psutil.Process()
+                initial_memory = process.memory_info().rss / (1024 * 1024)  # MB
+            except ImportError:
+                logger.warning("psutil not available, memory metrics will not be tracked", tag="TEST")
+                initial_memory = 0
+            
+            # Create and start browser managers
+            managers = []
+            start_time = time.time()
+            
+            # Start all browsers in parallel
+            start_tasks = []
+            for i in range(num_browsers):
+                browser_config = BrowserConfig(
+                    headless=True
+                )
+                manager = BrowserManager(browser_config=browser_config, logger=logger)
+                start_tasks.append(manager.start())
+                managers.append(manager)
+            
+            await asyncio.gather(*start_tasks)
+            browser_startup_time = time.time() - start_time
+            
+            # Measure memory after browser startup
+            if initial_memory > 0:
+                browser_memory = process.memory_info().rss / (1024 * 1024) - initial_memory
+            else:
+                browser_memory = 0
+            
+            # Distribute URLs among managers using the exact page distribution
+            urls_per_manager = {}
+            total_assigned = 0
+            
+            for i, manager in enumerate(managers):
+                if i < len(page_distribution):
+                    # Get the exact number of pages for this browser from our distribution
+                    manager_pages = page_distribution[i]
+                    
+                    # Get the URL slice for this manager
+                    start_idx = total_assigned
+                    end_idx = start_idx + manager_pages
+                    urls_per_manager[manager] = urls[start_idx:end_idx]
+                    total_assigned += manager_pages
+                else:
+                    # If we have more managers than our distribution (should never happen)
+                    urls_per_manager[manager] = []
+            
+            # Use the more efficient approach (pre-created pages)
+            logger.info("Running page crawling test...", tag="TEST")
+            crawl_start_time = time.time()
+            
+            # Get all pages upfront for each manager
+            all_pages = []
+            for manager, manager_urls in urls_per_manager.items():
+                if not manager_urls:  # Skip managers with no URLs
+                    continue
+                crawler_config = CrawlerRunConfig()
+                pages = await manager.get_pages(crawler_config, count=len(manager_urls))
+                all_pages.extend(zip(pages, manager_urls))
+            
+            # Measure memory after page creation
+            if initial_memory > 0:
+                pages_memory = process.memory_info().rss / (1024 * 1024) - browser_memory - initial_memory
+            else:
+                pages_memory = 0
+                
+            # Function to crawl a URL with a pre-created page
+            async def fetch_title(page_ctx, url):
+                page, _ = page_ctx
+                try:
+                    await page.goto(url)
+                    title = await page.title()
+                    return title
+                finally:
+                    await page.close()
+            
+            # Use the pre-created pages to fetch titles in parallel
+            tasks = [fetch_title(page_ctx, url) for page_ctx, url in all_pages]
+            crawl_results = await asyncio.gather(*tasks)
+            
+            crawl_time = time.time() - crawl_start_time
+            total_time = time.time() - start_time
+            
+            # Final memory measurement
+            if initial_memory > 0:
+                peak_memory = max(browser_memory + pages_memory, process.memory_info().rss / (1024 * 1024) - initial_memory)
+            else:
+                peak_memory = 0
+                
+            # Close all managers
+            for manager in managers:
+                await manager.close()
+                
+            # Calculate metrics
+            pages_per_second = total_urls / crawl_time
+            
+            # Store result metrics
+            result = {
+                "num_browsers": num_browsers,
+                "pages_per_browser": pages_per_browser,
+                "page_distribution": page_distribution,
+                "distribution_str": distribution_str,
+                "total_urls": total_urls,
+                "browser_startup_time": browser_startup_time,
+                "crawl_time": crawl_time,
+                "total_time": total_time,
+                "browser_memory": browser_memory,
+                "pages_memory": pages_memory,
+                "peak_memory": peak_memory,
+                "pages_per_second": pages_per_second,
+                # Calculate efficiency score (higher is better)
+                # This balances speed vs memory usage
+                "efficiency_score": pages_per_second / (peak_memory + 1) if peak_memory > 0 else pages_per_second,
+            }
+            
+            results.append(result)
+            
+            # Log the results
+            logger.info(f"Browser startup: {browser_startup_time:.2f}s", tag="TEST")
+            logger.info(f"Crawl time: {crawl_time:.2f}s", tag="TEST")
+            logger.info(f"Total time: {total_time:.2f}s", tag="TEST")
+            logger.info(f"Performance: {pages_per_second:.1f} pages/second", tag="TEST")
+            
+            if peak_memory > 0:
+                logger.info(f"Browser memory: {browser_memory:.1f}MB", tag="TEST")
+                logger.info(f"Pages memory: {pages_memory:.1f}MB", tag="TEST")
+                logger.info(f"Peak memory: {peak_memory:.1f}MB", tag="TEST")
+                logger.info(f"Efficiency score: {result['efficiency_score']:.6f}", tag="TEST")
+                
+        except Exception as e:
+            logger.error(f"Error testing configuration: {str(e)}", tag="TEST")
+            import traceback
+            traceback.print_exc()
+            
+            # Clean up
+            for manager in managers:
+                try:
+                    await manager.close()
+                except:
+                    pass
+                    
+    # Print summary of all configurations
+    logger.info("=" * 100, tag="TEST")
+    logger.info("GRID SEARCH RESULTS SUMMARY", tag="TEST")
+    logger.info("=" * 100, tag="TEST")
+    
+    # Rank configurations by efficiency score
+    ranked_results = sorted(results, key=lambda x: x["efficiency_score"], reverse=True)
+    
+    # Also determine rankings by different metrics
+    fastest = sorted(results, key=lambda x: x["crawl_time"])[0]
+    lowest_memory = sorted(results, key=lambda x: x["peak_memory"] if x["peak_memory"] > 0 else float('inf'))[0]
+    most_efficient = ranked_results[0]
+    
+    # Print top performers by category
+    logger.info("🏆 TOP PERFORMERS BY CATEGORY:", tag="TEST")
+    logger.info(f"⚡ Fastest: {fastest['num_browsers']} browsers × ~{fastest['pages_per_browser']} pages " + 
+                f"({fastest['crawl_time']:.2f}s, {fastest['pages_per_second']:.1f} pages/s)", tag="TEST")
+    
+    if lowest_memory["peak_memory"] > 0:
+        logger.info(f"💾 Lowest memory: {lowest_memory['num_browsers']} browsers × ~{lowest_memory['pages_per_browser']} pages " +
+                    f"({lowest_memory['peak_memory']:.1f}MB)", tag="TEST")
+    
+    logger.info(f"🌟 Most efficient: {most_efficient['num_browsers']} browsers × ~{most_efficient['pages_per_browser']} pages " +
+                f"(score: {most_efficient['efficiency_score']:.6f})", tag="TEST")
+    
+    # Print result table header
+    logger.info("\n📊 COMPLETE RANKING TABLE (SORTED BY EFFICIENCY SCORE):", tag="TEST")
+    logger.info("-" * 120, tag="TEST")
+    
+    # Define table header
+    header = f"{'Rank':<5} | {'Browsers':<8} | {'Distribution':<55} | {'Total Time(s)':<12} | {'Speed(p/s)':<12} | {'Memory(MB)':<12} | {'Efficiency':<10} | {'Notes'}"
+    logger.info(header, tag="TEST")
+    logger.info("-" * 120, tag="TEST")
+    
+    # Print each configuration in ranked order
+    for rank, result in enumerate(ranked_results, 1):
+        # Add special notes for top performers
+        notes = []
+        if result == fastest:
+            notes.append("⚡ Fastest")
+        if result == lowest_memory:
+            notes.append("💾 Lowest Memory")
+        if result == most_efficient:
+            notes.append("🌟 Most Efficient")
+        
+        notes_str = " | ".join(notes) if notes else ""
+        
+        # Format memory if available
+        memory_str = f"{result['peak_memory']:.1f}" if result['peak_memory'] > 0 else "N/A"
+        
+        # Get the distribution string
+        dist_str = result.get('distribution_str', str(tuple([result['pages_per_browser']] * result['num_browsers'])))
+        
+        # Build the row
+        row = f"{rank:<5} | {result['num_browsers']:<8} | {dist_str:<55} | {result['total_time']:.2f}s{' ':<7} | "
+        row += f"{result['pages_per_second']:.2f}{' ':<6} | {memory_str}{' ':<6} | {result['efficiency_score']:.4f}{' ':<4} | {notes_str}"
+        
+        logger.info(row, tag="TEST")
+    
+    logger.info("-" * 120, tag="TEST")
+    
+    # Generate visualization if matplotlib is available
+    try:
+        import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
+        import numpy as np
+        
+        # Extract data for plotting from ranked results
+        browser_counts = [r["num_browsers"] for r in ranked_results]
+        efficiency_scores = [r["efficiency_score"] for r in ranked_results]
+        crawl_times = [r["crawl_time"] for r in ranked_results]
+        total_times = [r["total_time"] for r in ranked_results]
+        
+        # Filter results with memory data
+        memory_results = [r for r in ranked_results if r["peak_memory"] > 0]
+        memory_browser_counts = [r["num_browsers"] for r in memory_results]
+        peak_memories = [r["peak_memory"] for r in memory_results]
+        
+        # Create figure with clean design
+        plt.figure(figsize=(14, 12), facecolor='white')
+        plt.style.use('ggplot')
+        
+        # Create grid for subplots
+        gs = plt.GridSpec(3, 1, height_ratios=[1, 1, 1], hspace=0.3)
+        
+        # Plot 1: Efficiency Score (higher is better)
+        ax1 = plt.subplot(gs[0])
+        bar_colors = ['#3498db'] * len(browser_counts)
+        
+        # Highlight the most efficient
+        most_efficient_idx = browser_counts.index(most_efficient["num_browsers"])
+        bar_colors[most_efficient_idx] = '#e74c3c'  # Red for most efficient
+        
+        bars = ax1.bar(range(len(browser_counts)), efficiency_scores, color=bar_colors)
+        ax1.set_xticks(range(len(browser_counts)))
+        ax1.set_xticklabels([f"{bc}" for bc in browser_counts], rotation=45)
+        ax1.set_xlabel('Number of Browsers')
+        ax1.set_ylabel('Efficiency Score (higher is better)')
+        ax1.set_title('Browser Configuration Efficiency (higher is better)')
+        
+        # Add value labels on top of bars
+        for bar, score in zip(bars, efficiency_scores):
+            height = bar.get_height()
+            ax1.text(bar.get_x() + bar.get_width()/2., height + 0.02*max(efficiency_scores),
+                    f'{score:.3f}', ha='center', va='bottom', rotation=90, fontsize=8)
+        
+        # Highlight best configuration
+        ax1.text(0.02, 0.90, f"🌟 Most Efficient: {most_efficient['num_browsers']} browsers with ~{most_efficient['pages_per_browser']} pages",
+                transform=ax1.transAxes, fontsize=12, verticalalignment='top',
+                bbox=dict(boxstyle='round,pad=0.5', facecolor='yellow', alpha=0.3))
+        
+        # Plot 2: Time Performance
+        ax2 = plt.subplot(gs[1])
+        
+        # Plot both total time and crawl time
+        ax2.plot(browser_counts, crawl_times, 'bo-', label='Crawl Time (s)', linewidth=2)
+        ax2.plot(browser_counts, total_times, 'go--', label='Total Time (s)', linewidth=2, alpha=0.6)
+        
+        # Mark the fastest configuration
+        fastest_idx = browser_counts.index(fastest["num_browsers"])
+        ax2.plot(browser_counts[fastest_idx], crawl_times[fastest_idx], 'ro', ms=10, 
+                label=f'Fastest: {fastest["num_browsers"]} browsers')
+        
+        ax2.set_xlabel('Number of Browsers')
+        ax2.set_ylabel('Time (seconds)')
+        ax2.set_title(f'Time Performance for {total_urls} URLs by Browser Count')
+        ax2.grid(True, linestyle='--', alpha=0.7)
+        ax2.legend(loc='upper right')
+        
+        # Plot pages per second on second y-axis
+        pages_per_second = [total_urls/t for t in crawl_times]
+        ax2_twin = ax2.twinx()
+        ax2_twin.plot(browser_counts, pages_per_second, 'r^--', label='Pages/second', alpha=0.5)
+        ax2_twin.set_ylabel('Pages per second')
+        
+        # Add note about the fastest configuration
+        ax2.text(0.02, 0.90, f"⚡ Fastest: {fastest['num_browsers']} browsers with ~{fastest['pages_per_browser']} pages" +
+                f"\n   {fastest['crawl_time']:.2f}s ({fastest['pages_per_second']:.1f} pages/s)",
+                transform=ax2.transAxes, fontsize=12, verticalalignment='top',
+                bbox=dict(boxstyle='round,pad=0.5', facecolor='lightblue', alpha=0.3))
+        
+        # Plot 3: Memory Usage (if available)
+        if memory_results:
+            ax3 = plt.subplot(gs[2])
+            
+            # Prepare data for grouped bar chart
+            memory_per_browser = [m/n for m, n in zip(peak_memories, memory_browser_counts)]
+            memory_per_page = [m/(n*p) for m, n, p in zip(
+                [r["peak_memory"] for r in memory_results],
+                [r["num_browsers"] for r in memory_results],
+                [r["pages_per_browser"] for r in memory_results])]
+            
+            x = np.arange(len(memory_browser_counts))
+            width = 0.35
+            
+            # Create grouped bars
+            ax3.bar(x - width/2, peak_memories, width, label='Total Memory (MB)', color='#9b59b6')
+            ax3.bar(x + width/2, memory_per_browser, width, label='Memory per Browser (MB)', color='#3498db')
+            
+            # Configure axis
+            ax3.set_xticks(x)
+            ax3.set_xticklabels([f"{bc}" for bc in memory_browser_counts], rotation=45)
+            ax3.set_xlabel('Number of Browsers')
+            ax3.set_ylabel('Memory (MB)')
+            ax3.set_title('Memory Usage by Browser Configuration')
+            ax3.legend(loc='upper left')
+            ax3.grid(True, linestyle='--', alpha=0.7)
+            
+            # Add second y-axis for memory per page
+            ax3_twin = ax3.twinx()
+            ax3_twin.plot(x, memory_per_page, 'ro-', label='Memory per Page (MB)')
+            ax3_twin.set_ylabel('Memory per Page (MB)')
+            
+            # Get lowest memory configuration
+            lowest_memory_idx = memory_browser_counts.index(lowest_memory["num_browsers"])
+            
+            # Add note about lowest memory configuration
+            ax3.text(0.02, 0.90, f"💾 Lowest Memory: {lowest_memory['num_browsers']} browsers with ~{lowest_memory['pages_per_browser']} pages" +
+                    f"\n   {lowest_memory['peak_memory']:.1f}MB ({lowest_memory['peak_memory']/total_urls:.2f}MB per page)",
+                    transform=ax3.transAxes, fontsize=12, verticalalignment='top',
+                    bbox=dict(boxstyle='round,pad=0.5', facecolor='lightgreen', alpha=0.3))
+        
+        # Add overall title
+        plt.suptitle(f'Browser Scaling Grid Search Results for {total_urls} URLs', fontsize=16, y=0.98)
+        
+        # Add timestamp and info at the bottom
+        plt.figtext(0.5, 0.01, f"Generated by Crawl4AI at {time.strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S')}", 
+                   ha="center", fontsize=10, style='italic')
+        
+        # Get current directory and save the figure there
+        import os
+        __current_file = os.path.abspath(__file__)
+        current_dir = os.path.dirname(__current_file)
+        output_file = os.path.join(current_dir, 'browser_scaling_grid_search.png')
+        
+        # Adjust layout and save figure with high DPI
+        plt.tight_layout(rect=[0, 0.03, 1, 0.97])
+        plt.savefig(output_file, dpi=200, bbox_inches='tight')
+        logger.success(f"Visualization saved to {output_file}", tag="TEST")
+        
+    except ImportError:
+        logger.warning("matplotlib not available, skipping visualization", tag="TEST")
+    
+    return most_efficient["num_browsers"], most_efficient["pages_per_browser"]
+    
+async def find_optimal_browser_config(total_urls=50, verbose=True, rate_limit_delay=0.2):
+    """Find optimal browser configuration for crawling a specific number of URLs.
+    
+    Args:
+        total_urls: Number of URLs to crawl
+        verbose: Whether to print progress
+        rate_limit_delay: Delay between page loads to avoid rate limiting
+        
+    Returns:
+        dict: Contains fastest, lowest_memory, and optimal configurations
+    """
+    if verbose:
+        print(f"\n=== Finding optimal configuration for crawling {total_urls} URLs ===\n")
+    
+    # Generate test URLs with timestamp to avoid caching
+    timestamp = int(time.time())
+    urls = [f"https://example.com/page_{i}?t={timestamp}" for i in range(total_urls)]
+    
+    # Limit browser configurations to test (1 browser to max 10)
+    max_browsers = min(10, total_urls)
+    configs_to_test = []
+    
+    # Generate configurations (browser count, pages distribution)
+    for num_browsers in range(1, max_browsers + 1):
+        base_pages = total_urls // num_browsers
+        remainder = total_urls % num_browsers
+        
+        # Create distribution array like [3, 3, 2, 2] (some browsers get one more page)
+        if remainder > 0:
+            distribution = [base_pages + 1] * remainder + [base_pages] * (num_browsers - remainder)
+        else:
+            distribution = [base_pages] * num_browsers
+            
+        configs_to_test.append((num_browsers, distribution))
+    
+    results = []
+    
+    # Test each configuration
+    for browser_count, page_distribution in configs_to_test:
+        if verbose:
+            print(f"Testing {browser_count} browsers with distribution {tuple(page_distribution)}")
+        
+        try:
+            # Track memory if possible
+            try:
+                import psutil
+                process = psutil.Process()
+                start_memory = process.memory_info().rss / (1024 * 1024)  # MB
+            except ImportError:
+                if verbose: 
+                    print("Memory tracking not available (psutil not installed)")
+                start_memory = 0
+            
+            # Start browsers in parallel
+            managers = []
+            start_tasks = []
+            start_time = time.time()
+            
+            for i in range(browser_count):
+                config = BrowserConfig(headless=True)
+                manager = BrowserManager(browser_config=config, logger=logger)
+                start_tasks.append(manager.start())
+                managers.append(manager)
+            
+            await asyncio.gather(*start_tasks)
+            
+            # Distribute URLs among browsers
+            urls_per_manager = {}
+            url_index = 0
+            
+            for i, manager in enumerate(managers):
+                pages_for_this_browser = page_distribution[i]
+                end_index = url_index + pages_for_this_browser
+                urls_per_manager[manager] = urls[url_index:end_index]
+                url_index = end_index
+            
+            # Create pages for each browser
+            all_pages = []
+            for manager, manager_urls in urls_per_manager.items():
+                if not manager_urls:
+                    continue
+                pages = await manager.get_pages(CrawlerRunConfig(), count=len(manager_urls))
+                all_pages.extend(zip(pages, manager_urls))
+            
+            # Crawl pages with delay to avoid rate limiting
+            async def crawl_page(page_ctx, url):
+                page, _ = page_ctx
+                try:
+                    await page.goto(url)
+                    if rate_limit_delay > 0:
+                        await asyncio.sleep(rate_limit_delay)
+                    title = await page.title()
+                    return title
+                finally:
+                    await page.close()
+            
+            crawl_start = time.time()
+            crawl_tasks = [crawl_page(page_ctx, url) for page_ctx, url in all_pages]
+            await asyncio.gather(*crawl_tasks)
+            crawl_time = time.time() - crawl_start
+            total_time = time.time() - start_time
+            
+            # Measure final memory usage
+            if start_memory > 0:
+                end_memory = process.memory_info().rss / (1024 * 1024)
+                memory_used = end_memory - start_memory
+            else:
+                memory_used = 0
+            
+            # Close all browsers
+            for manager in managers:
+                await manager.close()
+            
+            # Calculate metrics
+            pages_per_second = total_urls / crawl_time
+            
+            # Calculate efficiency score (higher is better)
+            # This balances speed vs memory
+            if memory_used > 0:
+                efficiency = pages_per_second / (memory_used + 1)
+            else:
+                efficiency = pages_per_second
+            
+            # Store result
+            result = {
+                "browser_count": browser_count,
+                "distribution": tuple(page_distribution),
+                "crawl_time": crawl_time,
+                "total_time": total_time,
+                "memory_used": memory_used,
+                "pages_per_second": pages_per_second, 
+                "efficiency": efficiency
+            }
+            
+            results.append(result)
+            
+            if verbose:
+                print(f"  ✓ Crawled {total_urls} pages in {crawl_time:.2f}s ({pages_per_second:.1f} pages/sec)")
+                if memory_used > 0:
+                    print(f"  ✓ Memory used: {memory_used:.1f}MB ({memory_used/total_urls:.1f}MB per page)")
+                print(f"  ✓ Efficiency score: {efficiency:.4f}")
+            
+        except Exception as e:
+            if verbose:
+                print(f"  ✗ Error: {str(e)}")
+            
+            # Clean up
+            for manager in managers:
+                try:
+                    await manager.close()
+                except:
+                    pass
+    
+    # If no successful results, return None
+    if not results:
+        return None
+    
+    # Find best configurations
+    fastest = sorted(results, key=lambda x: x["crawl_time"])[0]
+    
+    # Only consider memory if available
+    memory_results = [r for r in results if r["memory_used"] > 0]
+    if memory_results:
+        lowest_memory = sorted(memory_results, key=lambda x: x["memory_used"])[0]
+    else:
+        lowest_memory = fastest
+    
+    # Find most efficient (balanced speed vs memory)
+    optimal = sorted(results, key=lambda x: x["efficiency"], reverse=True)[0]
+    
+    # Print summary
+    if verbose:
+        print("\n=== OPTIMAL CONFIGURATIONS ===")
+        print(f"⚡ Fastest: {fastest['browser_count']} browsers {fastest['distribution']}")
+        print(f"   {fastest['crawl_time']:.2f}s, {fastest['pages_per_second']:.1f} pages/sec")
+        
+        print(f"💾 Memory-efficient: {lowest_memory['browser_count']} browsers {lowest_memory['distribution']}")
+        if lowest_memory["memory_used"] > 0:
+            print(f"   {lowest_memory['memory_used']:.1f}MB, {lowest_memory['memory_used']/total_urls:.2f}MB per page")
+        
+        print(f"🌟 Balanced optimal: {optimal['browser_count']} browsers {optimal['distribution']}")
+        print(f"   {optimal['crawl_time']:.2f}s, {optimal['pages_per_second']:.1f} pages/sec, score: {optimal['efficiency']:.4f}")
+    
+    return {
+        "fastest": fastest,
+        "lowest_memory": lowest_memory,
+        "optimal": optimal,
+        "all_configs": results
+    }
+
+async def run_tests():
+    """Run all tests sequentially."""
+    results = []
+    
+    # Find optimal configuration using our utility function
+    configs = await find_optimal_browser_config(
+        total_urls=20,  # Use a small number for faster testing
+        verbose=True,
+        rate_limit_delay=0.2  # 200ms delay between page loads to avoid rate limiting
+    )
+    
+    if configs:
+        # Show the optimal configuration
+        optimal = configs["optimal"]
+        print(f"\n🎯 Recommended configuration for production use:")
+        print(f"   {optimal['browser_count']} browsers with distribution {optimal['distribution']}")
+        print(f"   Estimated performance: {optimal['pages_per_second']:.1f} pages/second")
+        results.append(True)
+    else:
+        print("\n❌ Failed to find optimal configuration")
+        results.append(False)
+    
+    # Print summary
+    total = len(results)
+    passed = sum(results)
+    print(f"\nTests complete: {passed}/{total} passed")
+    
+    if passed == total:
+        print("All tests passed!")
+    else:
+        print(f"{total - passed} tests failed")
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    asyncio.run(run_tests())

tests/browser/test_playwright_strategy.py

@@ -0,0 +1,316 @@
+"""Test examples for PlaywrightBrowserStrategy.
+
+These examples demonstrate the functionality of PlaywrightBrowserStrategy
+and serve as functional tests.
+"""
+
+import asyncio
+import os
+import re
+import sys
+
+# Add the project root to Python path if running directly
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    sys.path.insert(0, os.path.abspath(os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), '../..')))
+
+from crawl4ai.browser import BrowserManager
+from crawl4ai.async_configs import BrowserConfig, CrawlerRunConfig
+from crawl4ai.async_logger import AsyncLogger
+
+# Create a logger for clear terminal output
+logger = AsyncLogger(verbose=True, log_file=None)
+
+
+
+async def test_start_close():
+    # Create browser config for standard Playwright
+    browser_config = BrowserConfig(
+        headless=True,
+        viewport_width=1280,
+        viewport_height=800
+    )
+    
+    # Create browser manager with the config
+    manager = BrowserManager(browser_config=browser_config, logger=logger)
+    
+    try:
+        for _ in range(4):
+            # Start the browser
+            await manager.start()
+            logger.info("Browser started successfully", tag="TEST")
+
+            # Get a page
+            page, context = await manager.get_page(CrawlerRunConfig())
+            logger.info("Got page successfully", tag="TEST")
+            
+            # Navigate to a website
+            await page.goto("https://example.com")
+            logger.info("Navigated to example.com", tag="TEST")
+            
+            # Get page title
+            title = await page.title()
+            logger.info(f"Page title: {title}", tag="TEST")
+            
+            # Clean up
+            await manager.close()
+            logger.info("Browser closed successfully", tag="TEST")
+   
+            await asyncio.sleep(1)  # Wait for a moment before restarting
+
+    except Exception as e:
+        logger.error(f"Test failed: {str(e)}", tag="TEST")
+        # Ensure cleanup
+        try:
+            await manager.close()
+        except:
+            pass
+        return False
+    return True
+
+async def test_playwright_basic():
+    """Test basic Playwright browser functionality."""
+    logger.info("Testing standard Playwright browser", tag="TEST")
+    
+    # Create browser config for standard Playwright
+    browser_config = BrowserConfig(
+        headless=True,
+        viewport_width=1280,
+        viewport_height=800
+    )
+    
+    # Create browser manager with the config
+    manager = BrowserManager(browser_config=browser_config, logger=logger)
+    
+    try:
+        # Start the browser
+        await manager.start()
+        logger.info("Browser started successfully", tag="TEST")
+        
+        # Create crawler config
+        crawler_config = CrawlerRunConfig(url="https://example.com")
+        
+        # Get a page
+        page, context = await manager.get_page(crawler_config)
+        logger.info("Got page successfully", tag="TEST")
+        
+        # Navigate to a website
+        await page.goto("https://example.com")
+        logger.info("Navigated to example.com", tag="TEST")
+        
+        # Get page title
+        title = await page.title()
+        logger.info(f"Page title: {title}", tag="TEST")
+        
+        # Clean up
+        await manager.close()
+        logger.info("Browser closed successfully", tag="TEST")
+        
+        return True
+    except Exception as e:
+        logger.error(f"Test failed: {str(e)}", tag="TEST")
+        # Ensure cleanup
+        try:
+            await manager.close()
+        except:
+            pass
+        return False
+
+async def test_playwright_text_mode():
+    """Test Playwright browser in text-only mode."""
+    logger.info("Testing Playwright text mode", tag="TEST")
+    
+    # Create browser config with text mode enabled
+    browser_config = BrowserConfig(
+        headless=True,
+        text_mode=True  # Enable text-only mode
+    )
+    
+    # Create browser manager with the config
+    manager = BrowserManager(browser_config=browser_config, logger=logger)
+    
+    try:
+        # Start the browser
+        await manager.start()
+        logger.info("Browser started successfully in text mode", tag="TEST")
+        
+        # Get a page
+        crawler_config = CrawlerRunConfig(url="https://example.com")
+        page, context = await manager.get_page(crawler_config)
+        
+        # Navigate to a website
+        await page.goto("https://example.com")
+        logger.info("Navigated to example.com", tag="TEST")
+        
+        # Get page title
+        title = await page.title()
+        logger.info(f"Page title: {title}", tag="TEST")
+        
+        # Check if images are blocked in text mode
+        # We'll check if any image requests were made
+        has_images = False
+        async with page.expect_request("**/*.{png,jpg,jpeg,gif,webp,svg}", timeout=1000) as request_info:
+            try:
+                # Try to load a page with images
+                await page.goto("https://picsum.photos/", wait_until="domcontentloaded")
+                request = await request_info.value
+                has_images = True
+            except:
+                # Timeout without image requests means text mode is working
+                has_images = False
+        
+        logger.info(f"Text mode image blocking working: {not has_images}", tag="TEST")
+        
+        # Clean up
+        await manager.close()
+        logger.info("Browser closed successfully", tag="TEST")
+        
+        return True
+    except Exception as e:
+        logger.error(f"Test failed: {str(e)}", tag="TEST")
+        # Ensure cleanup
+        try:
+            await manager.close()
+        except:
+            pass
+        return False
+
+async def test_playwright_context_reuse():
+    """Test context caching and reuse with identical configurations."""
+    logger.info("Testing context reuse with identical configurations", tag="TEST")
+    
+    # Create browser config
+    browser_config = BrowserConfig(headless=True)
+    
+    # Create browser manager
+    manager = BrowserManager(browser_config=browser_config, logger=logger)
+    
+    try:
+        # Start the browser
+        await manager.start()
+        logger.info("Browser started successfully", tag="TEST")
+        
+        # Create identical crawler configs
+        crawler_config1 = CrawlerRunConfig(
+            css_selector="body",
+        )
+        
+        crawler_config2 = CrawlerRunConfig(
+            css_selector="body",
+        )
+        
+        # Get pages with these configs
+        page1, context1 = await manager.get_page(crawler_config1)
+        page2, context2 = await manager.get_page(crawler_config2)
+        
+        # Check if contexts are reused
+        is_same_context = context1 == context2
+        logger.info(f"Contexts reused: {is_same_context}", tag="TEST")
+        
+        # Now try with a different config
+        crawler_config3 = CrawlerRunConfig()
+        
+        page3, context3 = await manager.get_page(crawler_config3)
+        
+        # This should be a different context
+        is_different_context = context1 != context3
+        logger.info(f"Different contexts for different configs: {is_different_context}", tag="TEST")
+        
+        # Clean up
+        await manager.close()
+        logger.info("Browser closed successfully", tag="TEST")
+        
+        # Both tests should pass for success
+        return is_same_context and is_different_context
+    except Exception as e:
+        logger.error(f"Test failed: {str(e)}", tag="TEST")
+        # Ensure cleanup
+        try:
+            await manager.close()
+        except:
+            pass
+        return False
+
+async def test_playwright_session_management():
+    """Test session management with Playwright browser."""
+    logger.info("Testing session management with Playwright browser", tag="TEST")
+    
+    browser_config = BrowserConfig(
+        headless=True
+    )
+    
+    manager = BrowserManager(browser_config=browser_config, logger=logger)
+    
+    try:
+        await manager.start()
+        logger.info("Browser launched successfully", tag="TEST")
+        
+        # Create two sessions
+        session1_id = "playwright_session_1"
+        session2_id = "playwright_session_2"
+        
+        # Set up first session
+        crawler_config1 = CrawlerRunConfig(session_id=session1_id, url="https://example.com")
+        page1, context1 = await manager.get_page(crawler_config1)
+        await page1.goto("https://example.com")
+        await page1.evaluate("localStorage.setItem('playwright_session1_data', 'test_value1')")
+        logger.info(f"Set up session 1 with ID: {session1_id}", tag="TEST")
+        
+        # Set up second session
+        crawler_config2 = CrawlerRunConfig(session_id=session2_id, url="https://example.org")
+        page2, context2 = await manager.get_page(crawler_config2)
+        await page2.goto("https://example.org")
+        await page2.evaluate("localStorage.setItem('playwright_session2_data', 'test_value2')")
+        logger.info(f"Set up session 2 with ID: {session2_id}", tag="TEST")
+        
+        # Get first session again
+        page1_again, context1_again = await manager.get_page(crawler_config1)
+        
+        # Verify it's the same page and data persists
+        is_same_page = page1 == page1_again
+        is_same_context = context1 == context1_again
+        data1 = await page1_again.evaluate("localStorage.getItem('playwright_session1_data')")
+        logger.info(f"Session 1 reuse successful: {is_same_page}, data: {data1}", tag="TEST")
+        
+        # Kill first session
+        await manager.kill_session(session1_id)
+        logger.info(f"Killed session 1", tag="TEST")
+        
+        # Verify second session still works
+        data2 = await page2.evaluate("localStorage.getItem('playwright_session2_data')")
+        logger.info(f"Session 2 still functional after killing session 1, data: {data2}", tag="TEST")
+        
+        # Clean up
+        await manager.close()
+        logger.info("Browser closed successfully", tag="TEST")
+        
+        return is_same_page and is_same_context and data1 == "test_value1" and data2 == "test_value2"
+    except Exception as e:
+        logger.error(f"Test failed: {str(e)}", tag="TEST")
+        try:
+            await manager.close()
+        except:
+            pass
+        return False
+
+async def run_tests():
+    """Run all tests sequentially."""
+    results = []
+    
+    # results.append(await test_start_close())
+    # results.append(await test_playwright_basic())
+    # results.append(await test_playwright_text_mode())
+    # results.append(await test_playwright_context_reuse())
+    results.append(await test_playwright_session_management())
+    
+    # Print summary
+    total = len(results)
+    passed = sum(results)
+    logger.info(f"Tests complete: {passed}/{total} passed", tag="SUMMARY")
+    
+    if passed == total:
+        logger.success("All tests passed!", tag="SUMMARY")
+    else:
+        logger.error(f"{total - passed} tests failed", tag="SUMMARY")
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    asyncio.run(run_tests())

tests/browser/test_profiles.py

@@ -0,0 +1,176 @@
+"""Test examples for BrowserProfileManager.
+
+These examples demonstrate the functionality of BrowserProfileManager
+and serve as functional tests.
+"""
+
+import asyncio
+import os
+import sys
+import uuid
+import shutil
+
+# Add the project root to Python path if running directly
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    sys.path.insert(0, os.path.abspath(os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), '../..')))
+
+from crawl4ai.browser import BrowserManager, BrowserProfileManager
+from crawl4ai.async_configs import BrowserConfig, CrawlerRunConfig
+from crawl4ai.async_logger import AsyncLogger
+
+# Create a logger for clear terminal output
+logger = AsyncLogger(verbose=True, log_file=None)
+
+async def test_profile_creation():
+    """Test creating and managing browser profiles."""
+    logger.info("Testing profile creation and management", tag="TEST")
+    
+    profile_manager = BrowserProfileManager(logger=logger)
+    
+    try:
+        # List existing profiles
+        profiles = profile_manager.list_profiles()
+        logger.info(f"Found {len(profiles)} existing profiles", tag="TEST")
+        
+        # Generate a unique profile name for testing
+        test_profile_name = f"test-profile-{uuid.uuid4().hex[:8]}"
+        
+        # Create a test profile directory
+        profile_path = os.path.join(profile_manager.profiles_dir, test_profile_name)
+        os.makedirs(os.path.join(profile_path, "Default"), exist_ok=True)
+        
+        # Create a dummy Preferences file to simulate a Chrome profile
+        with open(os.path.join(profile_path, "Default", "Preferences"), "w") as f:
+            f.write("{\"test\": true}")
+        
+        logger.info(f"Created test profile at: {profile_path}", tag="TEST")
+        
+        # Verify the profile is now in the list
+        profiles = profile_manager.list_profiles()
+        profile_found = any(p["name"] == test_profile_name for p in profiles)
+        logger.info(f"Profile found in list: {profile_found}", tag="TEST")
+        
+        # Try to get the profile path
+        retrieved_path = profile_manager.get_profile_path(test_profile_name)
+        path_match = retrieved_path == profile_path
+        logger.info(f"Retrieved correct profile path: {path_match}", tag="TEST")
+        
+        # Delete the profile
+        success = profile_manager.delete_profile(test_profile_name)
+        logger.info(f"Profile deletion successful: {success}", tag="TEST")
+        
+        # Verify it's gone
+        profiles_after = profile_manager.list_profiles()
+        profile_removed = not any(p["name"] == test_profile_name for p in profiles_after)
+        logger.info(f"Profile removed from list: {profile_removed}", tag="TEST")
+        
+        # Clean up just in case
+        if os.path.exists(profile_path):
+            shutil.rmtree(profile_path, ignore_errors=True)
+        
+        return profile_found and path_match and success and profile_removed
+    except Exception as e:
+        logger.error(f"Test failed: {str(e)}", tag="TEST")
+        # Clean up test directory
+        try:
+            if os.path.exists(profile_path):
+                shutil.rmtree(profile_path, ignore_errors=True)
+        except:
+            pass
+        return False
+
+async def test_profile_with_browser():
+    """Test using a profile with a browser."""
+    logger.info("Testing using a profile with a browser", tag="TEST")
+    
+    profile_manager = BrowserProfileManager(logger=logger)
+    test_profile_name = f"test-browser-profile-{uuid.uuid4().hex[:8]}"
+    profile_path = None
+    
+    try:
+        # Create a test profile directory
+        profile_path = os.path.join(profile_manager.profiles_dir, test_profile_name)
+        os.makedirs(os.path.join(profile_path, "Default"), exist_ok=True)
+        
+        # Create a dummy Preferences file to simulate a Chrome profile
+        with open(os.path.join(profile_path, "Default", "Preferences"), "w") as f:
+            f.write("{\"test\": true}")
+        
+        logger.info(f"Created test profile at: {profile_path}", tag="TEST")
+        
+        # Now use this profile with a browser
+        browser_config = BrowserConfig(
+            user_data_dir=profile_path,
+            headless=True
+        )
+        
+        manager = BrowserManager(browser_config=browser_config, logger=logger)
+        
+        # Start the browser with the profile
+        await manager.start()
+        logger.info("Browser started with profile", tag="TEST")
+        
+        # Create a page
+        crawler_config = CrawlerRunConfig()
+        page, context = await manager.get_page(crawler_config)
+        
+        # Navigate and set some data to verify profile works
+        await page.goto("https://example.com")
+        await page.evaluate("localStorage.setItem('test_data', 'profile_value')")
+        
+        # Close browser
+        await manager.close()
+        logger.info("First browser session closed", tag="TEST")
+        
+        # Create a new browser with the same profile
+        manager2 = BrowserManager(browser_config=browser_config, logger=logger)
+        await manager2.start()
+        logger.info("Second browser session started with same profile", tag="TEST")
+        
+        # Get a page and check if the data persists
+        page2, context2 = await manager2.get_page(crawler_config)
+        await page2.goto("https://example.com")
+        data = await page2.evaluate("localStorage.getItem('test_data')")
+        
+        # Verify data persisted
+        data_persisted = data == "profile_value"
+        logger.info(f"Data persisted across sessions: {data_persisted}", tag="TEST")
+        
+        # Clean up
+        await manager2.close()
+        logger.info("Second browser session closed", tag="TEST")
+        
+        # Delete the test profile
+        success = profile_manager.delete_profile(test_profile_name)
+        logger.info(f"Test profile deleted: {success}", tag="TEST")
+        
+        return data_persisted and success
+    except Exception as e:
+        logger.error(f"Test failed: {str(e)}", tag="TEST")
+        # Clean up
+        try:
+            if profile_path and os.path.exists(profile_path):
+                shutil.rmtree(profile_path, ignore_errors=True)
+        except:
+            pass
+        return False
+
+async def run_tests():
+    """Run all tests sequentially."""
+    results = []
+    
+    results.append(await test_profile_creation())
+    results.append(await test_profile_with_browser())
+    
+    # Print summary
+    total = len(results)
+    passed = sum(results)
+    logger.info(f"Tests complete: {passed}/{total} passed", tag="SUMMARY")
+    
+    if passed == total:
+        logger.success("All tests passed!", tag="SUMMARY")
+    else:
+        logger.error(f"{total - passed} tests failed", tag="SUMMARY")
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    asyncio.run(run_tests())

tests/docker/test_docker.py

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ from crawl4ai import (
     BrowserConfig, CrawlerRunConfig, DefaultMarkdownGenerator,
     PruningContentFilter, JsonCssExtractionStrategy, LLMContentFilter, CacheMode
 )
-from crawl4ai.types import LLMConfig
+from crawl4ai import LLMConfig
 from crawl4ai.docker_client import Crawl4aiDockerClient
 
 class Crawl4AiTester:

tests/docker/test_serialization.py

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ import inspect
 from typing import Any, Dict
 from enum import Enum
 
-from crawl4ai.types import LLMConfig
+from crawl4ai import LLMConfig
 
 def to_serializable_dict(obj: Any) -> Dict:
     """

tests/docker/test_server_token.py

@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ async def test_stream_crawl(session, token: str):
             # "https://news.ycombinator.com/news"
         ],
         "browser_config": {"headless": True, "viewport": {"width": 1200}},
-        "crawler_config": {"stream": True, "cache_mode": "aggressive"}
+        "crawler_config": {"stream": True, "cache_mode": "bypass"}
     }
     headers = {"Authorization": f"Bearer {token}"}
     print(f"\nTesting Streaming Crawl: {url}")

tests/memory/test_crawler_monitor.py

@@ -0,0 +1,168 @@
+"""
+Test script for the CrawlerMonitor component.
+This script simulates a crawler with multiple tasks to demonstrate the real-time monitoring capabilities.
+"""
+
+import time
+import uuid
+import random
+import threading
+import sys
+import os
+
+# Add the parent directory to the path to import crawl4ai
+sys.path.append(os.path.abspath(os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), "../..")))
+
+from crawl4ai.components.crawler_monitor import CrawlerMonitor
+from crawl4ai.models import CrawlStatus
+
+def simulate_crawler_task(monitor, task_id, url, simulate_failure=False):
+    """Simulate a crawler task with different states."""
+    # Task starts in the QUEUED state
+    wait_time = random.uniform(0.5, 3.0)
+    time.sleep(wait_time)
+    
+    # Update to IN_PROGRESS state
+    monitor.update_task(
+        task_id=task_id,
+        status=CrawlStatus.IN_PROGRESS,
+        start_time=time.time(),
+        wait_time=wait_time
+    )
+    
+    # Simulate task running
+    process_time = random.uniform(1.0, 5.0)
+    for i in range(int(process_time * 2)):
+        # Simulate memory usage changes
+        memory_usage = random.uniform(5.0, 25.0)
+        monitor.update_task(
+            task_id=task_id,
+            memory_usage=memory_usage,
+            peak_memory=max(memory_usage, monitor.get_task_stats(task_id).get("peak_memory", 0))
+        )
+        time.sleep(0.5)
+    
+    # Update to COMPLETED or FAILED state
+    if simulate_failure and random.random() < 0.8:  # 80% chance of failure if simulate_failure is True
+        monitor.update_task(
+            task_id=task_id,
+            status=CrawlStatus.FAILED,
+            end_time=time.time(),
+            error_message="Simulated failure: Connection timeout",
+            memory_usage=0.0
+        )
+    else:
+        monitor.update_task(
+            task_id=task_id,
+            status=CrawlStatus.COMPLETED,
+            end_time=time.time(),
+            memory_usage=0.0
+        )
+
+def update_queue_stats(monitor, num_queued_tasks):
+    """Update queue statistics periodically."""
+    while monitor.is_running:
+        queued_tasks = [
+            task for task_id, task in monitor.get_all_task_stats().items()
+            if task["status"] == CrawlStatus.QUEUED.name
+        ]
+        
+        total_queued = len(queued_tasks)
+        
+        if total_queued > 0:
+            current_time = time.time()
+            wait_times = [
+                current_time - task.get("enqueue_time", current_time)
+                for task in queued_tasks
+            ]
+            highest_wait_time = max(wait_times) if wait_times else 0.0
+            avg_wait_time = sum(wait_times) / len(wait_times) if wait_times else 0.0
+        else:
+            highest_wait_time = 0.0
+            avg_wait_time = 0.0
+        
+        monitor.update_queue_statistics(
+            total_queued=total_queued,
+            highest_wait_time=highest_wait_time,
+            avg_wait_time=avg_wait_time
+        )
+        
+        # Simulate memory pressure based on number of active tasks
+        active_tasks = len([
+            task for task_id, task in monitor.get_all_task_stats().items()
+            if task["status"] == CrawlStatus.IN_PROGRESS.name
+        ])
+        
+        if active_tasks > 8:
+            monitor.update_memory_status("CRITICAL")
+        elif active_tasks > 4:
+            monitor.update_memory_status("PRESSURE")
+        else:
+            monitor.update_memory_status("NORMAL")
+            
+        time.sleep(1.0)
+
+def test_crawler_monitor():
+    """Test the CrawlerMonitor with simulated crawler tasks."""
+    # Total number of URLs to crawl
+    total_urls = 50
+    
+    # Initialize the monitor
+    monitor = CrawlerMonitor(urls_total=total_urls, refresh_rate=0.5)
+    
+    # Start the monitor
+    monitor.start()
+    
+    # Start thread to update queue statistics
+    queue_stats_thread = threading.Thread(target=update_queue_stats, args=(monitor, total_urls))
+    queue_stats_thread.daemon = True
+    queue_stats_thread.start()
+    
+    try:
+        # Create task threads
+        threads = []
+        for i in range(total_urls):
+            task_id = str(uuid.uuid4())
+            url = f"https://example.com/page{i}"
+            
+            # Add task to monitor
+            monitor.add_task(task_id, url)
+            
+            # Determine if this task should simulate failure
+            simulate_failure = (i % 10 == 0)  # Every 10th task
+            
+            # Create and start thread for this task
+            thread = threading.Thread(
+                target=simulate_crawler_task,
+                args=(monitor, task_id, url, simulate_failure)
+            )
+            thread.daemon = True
+            threads.append(thread)
+        
+        # Start threads with delay to simulate tasks being added over time
+        batch_size = 5
+        for i in range(0, len(threads), batch_size):
+            batch = threads[i:i+batch_size]
+            for thread in batch:
+                thread.start()
+                time.sleep(0.5)  # Small delay between starting threads
+            
+            # Wait a bit before starting the next batch
+            time.sleep(2.0)
+        
+        # Wait for all threads to complete
+        for thread in threads:
+            thread.join()
+            
+        # Keep monitor running a bit longer to see the final state
+        time.sleep(5.0)
+        
+    except KeyboardInterrupt:
+        print("\nTest interrupted by user")
+    finally:
+        # Stop the monitor
+        monitor.stop()
+        print("\nCrawler monitor test completed")
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    test_crawler_monitor()

tests/memory/test_dispatcher_stress.py

@@ -0,0 +1,410 @@
+import asyncio
+import time
+import psutil
+import logging
+import random
+from typing import List, Dict
+import uuid
+import sys
+import os
+
+# Import your crawler components
+from crawl4ai.models import DisplayMode, CrawlStatus, CrawlResult
+from crawl4ai.async_configs import CrawlerRunConfig, BrowserConfig, CacheMode
+from crawl4ai import AsyncWebCrawler
+from crawl4ai import MemoryAdaptiveDispatcher, CrawlerMonitor
+
+# Global configuration
+STREAM = False  # Toggle between streaming and non-streaming modes
+
+# Configure logging to file only (to avoid breaking the rich display)
+os.makedirs("logs", exist_ok=True)
+file_handler = logging.FileHandler("logs/memory_stress_test.log")
+file_handler.setFormatter(logging.Formatter('%(asctime)s [%(levelname)s] %(message)s'))
+
+# Root logger - only to file, not console
+root_logger = logging.getLogger()
+root_logger.setLevel(logging.INFO)
+root_logger.addHandler(file_handler)
+
+# Our test logger also writes to file only
+logger = logging.getLogger("memory_stress_test")
+logger.setLevel(logging.INFO)
+logger.addHandler(file_handler)
+logger.propagate = False  # Don't propagate to root logger
+
+# Create a memory restrictor to simulate limited memory environment
+class MemorySimulator:
+    def __init__(self, target_percent: float = 85.0, aggressive: bool = False):
+        """Simulates memory pressure by allocating memory"""
+        self.target_percent = target_percent
+        self.memory_blocks: List[bytearray] = []
+        self.aggressive = aggressive
+        
+    def apply_pressure(self, additional_percent: float = 0.0):
+        """Fill memory until we reach target percentage"""
+        current_percent = psutil.virtual_memory().percent
+        target = self.target_percent + additional_percent
+        
+        if current_percent >= target:
+            return  # Already at target
+            
+        logger.info(f"Current memory: {current_percent}%, target: {target}%")
+        
+        # Calculate how much memory we need to allocate
+        total_memory = psutil.virtual_memory().total
+        target_usage = (target / 100.0) * total_memory
+        current_usage = (current_percent / 100.0) * total_memory
+        bytes_to_allocate = int(target_usage - current_usage)
+        
+        if bytes_to_allocate <= 0:
+            return
+            
+        # Allocate in smaller chunks to avoid overallocation
+        if self.aggressive:
+            # Use larger chunks for faster allocation in aggressive mode
+            chunk_size = min(bytes_to_allocate, 200 * 1024 * 1024)  # 200MB chunks
+        else:
+            chunk_size = min(bytes_to_allocate, 50 * 1024 * 1024)   # 50MB chunks
+        
+        try:
+            logger.info(f"Allocating {chunk_size / (1024 * 1024):.1f}MB to reach target memory usage")
+            self.memory_blocks.append(bytearray(chunk_size))
+            time.sleep(0.5)  # Give system time to register the allocation
+        except MemoryError:
+            logger.warning("Unable to allocate more memory")
+            
+    def release_pressure(self, percent: float = None):
+        """
+        Release allocated memory
+        If percent is specified, release that percentage of blocks
+        """
+        if not self.memory_blocks:
+            return
+            
+        if percent is None:
+            # Release all
+            logger.info(f"Releasing all {len(self.memory_blocks)} memory blocks")
+            self.memory_blocks.clear()
+        else:
+            # Release specified percentage
+            blocks_to_release = int(len(self.memory_blocks) * (percent / 100.0))
+            if blocks_to_release > 0:
+                logger.info(f"Releasing {blocks_to_release} of {len(self.memory_blocks)} memory blocks ({percent}%)")
+                self.memory_blocks = self.memory_blocks[blocks_to_release:]
+                
+    def spike_pressure(self, duration: float = 5.0):
+        """
+        Create a temporary spike in memory pressure then release
+        Useful for forcing requeues
+        """
+        logger.info(f"Creating memory pressure spike for {duration} seconds")
+        # Save current blocks count
+        initial_blocks = len(self.memory_blocks)
+        
+        # Create spike with extra 5%
+        self.apply_pressure(additional_percent=5.0)
+        
+        # Schedule release after duration
+        asyncio.create_task(self._delayed_release(duration, initial_blocks))
+        
+    async def _delayed_release(self, delay: float, target_blocks: int):
+        """Helper for spike_pressure - releases extra blocks after delay"""
+        await asyncio.sleep(delay)
+        
+        # Remove blocks added since spike started
+        if len(self.memory_blocks) > target_blocks:
+            logger.info(f"Releasing memory spike ({len(self.memory_blocks) - target_blocks} blocks)")
+            self.memory_blocks = self.memory_blocks[:target_blocks]
+            
+# Test statistics collector
+class TestResults:
+    def __init__(self):
+        self.start_time = time.time()
+        self.completed_urls: List[str] = []
+        self.failed_urls: List[str] = []
+        self.requeued_count = 0
+        self.memory_warnings = 0
+        self.max_memory_usage = 0.0
+        self.max_queue_size = 0
+        self.max_wait_time = 0.0
+        self.url_to_attempt: Dict[str, int] = {}  # Track retries per URL
+        
+    def log_summary(self):
+        duration = time.time() - self.start_time
+        logger.info("===== TEST SUMMARY =====")
+        logger.info(f"Stream mode: {'ON' if STREAM else 'OFF'}")
+        logger.info(f"Total duration: {duration:.1f} seconds")
+        logger.info(f"Completed URLs: {len(self.completed_urls)}")
+        logger.info(f"Failed URLs: {len(self.failed_urls)}")
+        logger.info(f"Requeue events: {self.requeued_count}")
+        logger.info(f"Memory warnings: {self.memory_warnings}")
+        logger.info(f"Max memory usage: {self.max_memory_usage:.1f}%")
+        logger.info(f"Max queue size: {self.max_queue_size}")
+        logger.info(f"Max wait time: {self.max_wait_time:.1f} seconds")
+        
+        # Log URLs with multiple attempts
+        retried_urls = {url: count for url, count in self.url_to_attempt.items() if count > 1}
+        if retried_urls:
+            logger.info(f"URLs with retries: {len(retried_urls)}")
+            # Log the top 5 most retried
+            top_retries = sorted(retried_urls.items(), key=lambda x: x[1], reverse=True)[:5]
+            for url, count in top_retries:
+                logger.info(f"  URL {url[-30:]} had {count} attempts")
+        
+        # Write summary to a separate human-readable file
+        with open("logs/test_summary.txt", "w") as f:
+            f.write(f"Stream mode: {'ON' if STREAM else 'OFF'}\n")
+            f.write(f"Total duration: {duration:.1f} seconds\n")
+            f.write(f"Completed URLs: {len(self.completed_urls)}\n")
+            f.write(f"Failed URLs: {len(self.failed_urls)}\n")
+            f.write(f"Requeue events: {self.requeued_count}\n")
+            f.write(f"Memory warnings: {self.memory_warnings}\n")
+            f.write(f"Max memory usage: {self.max_memory_usage:.1f}%\n")
+            f.write(f"Max queue size: {self.max_queue_size}\n")
+            f.write(f"Max wait time: {self.max_wait_time:.1f} seconds\n")
+        
+# Custom monitor with stats tracking
+# Custom monitor that extends CrawlerMonitor with test-specific tracking
+class StressTestMonitor(CrawlerMonitor):
+    def __init__(self, test_results: TestResults, **kwargs):
+        # Initialize the parent CrawlerMonitor
+        super().__init__(**kwargs)
+        self.test_results = test_results
+        
+    def update_memory_status(self, status: str):
+        if status != self.memory_status:
+            logger.info(f"Memory status changed: {self.memory_status} -> {status}")
+            if "CRITICAL" in status or "PRESSURE" in status:
+                self.test_results.memory_warnings += 1
+                
+        # Track peak memory usage in test results
+        current_memory = psutil.virtual_memory().percent
+        self.test_results.max_memory_usage = max(self.test_results.max_memory_usage, current_memory)
+        
+        # Call parent method to update the dashboard
+        super().update_memory_status(status)
+        
+    def update_queue_statistics(self, total_queued: int, highest_wait_time: float, avg_wait_time: float):
+        # Track queue metrics in test results
+        self.test_results.max_queue_size = max(self.test_results.max_queue_size, total_queued)
+        self.test_results.max_wait_time = max(self.test_results.max_wait_time, highest_wait_time)
+        
+        # Call parent method to update the dashboard
+        super().update_queue_statistics(total_queued, highest_wait_time, avg_wait_time)
+        
+    def update_task(self, task_id: str, **kwargs):
+        # Track URL status changes for test results
+        if task_id in self.stats:
+            old_status = self.stats[task_id].status
+            
+            # If this is a requeue event (requeued due to memory pressure)
+            if 'error_message' in kwargs and 'requeued' in kwargs['error_message']:
+                if not hasattr(self.stats[task_id], 'counted_requeue') or not self.stats[task_id].counted_requeue:
+                    self.test_results.requeued_count += 1
+                    self.stats[task_id].counted_requeue = True
+                    
+            # Track completion status for test results
+            if 'status' in kwargs:
+                new_status = kwargs['status']
+                if old_status != new_status:
+                    if new_status == CrawlStatus.COMPLETED:
+                        if task_id not in self.test_results.completed_urls:
+                            self.test_results.completed_urls.append(task_id)
+                    elif new_status == CrawlStatus.FAILED:
+                        if task_id not in self.test_results.failed_urls:
+                            self.test_results.failed_urls.append(task_id)
+        
+        # Call parent method to update the dashboard
+        super().update_task(task_id, **kwargs)
+        self.live.update(self._create_table())
+
+# Generate test URLs - use example.com with unique paths to avoid browser caching
+def generate_test_urls(count: int) -> List[str]:
+    urls = []
+    for i in range(count):
+        # Add random path and query parameters to create unique URLs
+        path = f"/path/{uuid.uuid4()}"
+        query = f"?test={i}&random={random.randint(1, 100000)}"
+        urls.append(f"https://example.com{path}{query}")
+    return urls
+
+# Process result callback
+async def process_result(result, test_results: TestResults):
+    # Track attempt counts
+    if result.url not in test_results.url_to_attempt:
+        test_results.url_to_attempt[result.url] = 1
+    else:
+        test_results.url_to_attempt[result.url] += 1
+    
+    if "requeued" in result.error_message:
+        test_results.requeued_count += 1
+        logger.debug(f"Requeued due to memory pressure: {result.url}")
+    elif result.success:
+        test_results.completed_urls.append(result.url)
+        logger.debug(f"Successfully processed: {result.url}")
+    else:
+        test_results.failed_urls.append(result.url)
+        logger.warning(f"Failed to process: {result.url} - {result.error_message}")
+
+# Process multiple results (used in non-streaming mode)
+async def process_results(results, test_results: TestResults):
+    for result in results:
+        await process_result(result, test_results)
+
+# Main test function for extreme memory pressure simulation
+async def run_memory_stress_test(
+    url_count: int = 100,
+    target_memory_percent: float = 92.0,  # Push to dangerous levels
+    chunk_size: int = 20,  # Larger chunks for more chaos
+    aggressive: bool = False,
+    spikes: bool = True
+):
+    test_results = TestResults()
+    memory_simulator = MemorySimulator(target_percent=target_memory_percent, aggressive=aggressive)
+    
+    logger.info(f"Starting stress test with {url_count} URLs in {'STREAM' if STREAM else 'NON-STREAM'} mode")
+    logger.info(f"Target memory usage: {target_memory_percent}%")
+    
+    # First, elevate memory usage to create pressure
+    logger.info("Creating initial memory pressure...")
+    memory_simulator.apply_pressure()
+    
+    # Create test URLs in chunks to simulate real-world crawling where URLs are discovered
+    all_urls = generate_test_urls(url_count)
+    url_chunks = [all_urls[i:i+chunk_size] for i in range(0, len(all_urls), chunk_size)]
+    
+    # Set up the crawler components - low memory thresholds to create more requeues
+    browser_config = BrowserConfig(headless=True, verbose=False)
+    run_config = CrawlerRunConfig(
+        cache_mode=CacheMode.BYPASS,
+        verbose=False,
+        stream=STREAM  # Use the global STREAM variable to set mode
+    )
+    
+    # Create monitor with reference to test results
+    monitor = StressTestMonitor(
+        test_results=test_results,
+        display_mode=DisplayMode.DETAILED,
+        max_visible_rows=20,
+        total_urls=url_count  # Pass total URLs count
+    )
+    
+    # Create dispatcher with EXTREME settings - pure survival mode
+    # These settings are designed to create a memory battleground
+    dispatcher = MemoryAdaptiveDispatcher(
+        memory_threshold_percent=63.0,  # Start throttling at just 60% memory
+        critical_threshold_percent=70.0,  # Start requeuing at 70% - incredibly aggressive  
+        recovery_threshold_percent=55.0,  # Only resume normal ops when plenty of memory available
+        check_interval=0.1,  # Check extremely frequently (100ms)
+        max_session_permit=20 if aggressive else 10,  # Double the concurrent sessions - pure chaos
+        fairness_timeout=10.0,  # Extremely low timeout - rapid priority changes
+        monitor=monitor
+    )
+    
+    # Set up spike schedule if enabled
+    if spikes:
+        spike_intervals = []
+        # Create 3-5 random spike times
+        num_spikes = random.randint(3, 5)
+        for _ in range(num_spikes):
+            # Schedule spikes at random chunks
+            chunk_index = random.randint(1, len(url_chunks) - 1)
+            spike_intervals.append(chunk_index)
+        logger.info(f"Scheduled memory spikes at chunks: {spike_intervals}")
+    
+    try:
+        async with AsyncWebCrawler(config=browser_config) as crawler:
+            # Process URLs in chunks to simulate discovering URLs over time
+            for chunk_index, url_chunk in enumerate(url_chunks):
+                logger.info(f"Processing chunk {chunk_index+1}/{len(url_chunks)} ({len(url_chunk)} URLs)")
+                
+                # Regular pressure increases
+                if chunk_index % 2 == 0:
+                    logger.info("Increasing memory pressure...")
+                    memory_simulator.apply_pressure()
+                
+                # Memory spike if scheduled for this chunk
+                if spikes and chunk_index in spike_intervals:
+                    logger.info(f"⚠️ CREATING MASSIVE MEMORY SPIKE at chunk {chunk_index+1} ⚠️")
+                    # Create a nightmare scenario - multiple overlapping spikes
+                    memory_simulator.spike_pressure(duration=10.0)  # 10-second spike
+                    
+                    # 50% chance of double-spike (pure evil)
+                    if random.random() < 0.5:
+                        await asyncio.sleep(2.0)  # Wait 2 seconds
+                        logger.info("💀 DOUBLE SPIKE - EXTREME MEMORY PRESSURE 💀")
+                        memory_simulator.spike_pressure(duration=8.0)  # 8-second overlapping spike
+                
+                if STREAM:
+                    # Stream mode - process results as they come in
+                    async for result in dispatcher.run_urls_stream(
+                        urls=url_chunk,
+                        crawler=crawler,
+                        config=run_config
+                    ):
+                        await process_result(result, test_results)
+                else:
+                    # Non-stream mode - get all results at once
+                    results = await dispatcher.run_urls(
+                        urls=url_chunk,
+                        crawler=crawler,
+                        config=run_config
+                    )
+                    await process_results(results, test_results)
+                    
+                # Simulate discovering more URLs while others are still processing
+                await asyncio.sleep(1)
+                
+                # RARELY release pressure - make the system fight for resources
+                if chunk_index % 5 == 4:  # Less frequent releases
+                    release_percent = random.choice([10, 15, 20])  # Smaller, inconsistent releases
+                    logger.info(f"Releasing {release_percent}% of memory blocks - brief respite")
+                    memory_simulator.release_pressure(percent=release_percent)
+    
+    except Exception as e:
+        logger.error(f"Test error: {str(e)}")
+        raise
+    finally:
+        # Release memory pressure
+        memory_simulator.release_pressure()
+        # Log final results
+        test_results.log_summary()
+        
+        # Check for success criteria
+        if len(test_results.completed_urls) + len(test_results.failed_urls) < url_count:
+            logger.error(f"TEST FAILED: Not all URLs were processed. {url_count - len(test_results.completed_urls) - len(test_results.failed_urls)} URLs missing.")
+            return False
+            
+        logger.info("TEST PASSED: All URLs were processed without crashing.")
+        return True
+
+# Command-line entry point
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    # Parse command line arguments
+    url_count = int(sys.argv[1]) if len(sys.argv) > 1 else 100
+    target_memory = float(sys.argv[2]) if len(sys.argv) > 2 else 85.0
+    
+    # Check if stream mode is specified
+    if len(sys.argv) > 3:
+        STREAM = sys.argv[3].lower() in ('true', 'yes', '1', 'stream')
+    
+    # Check if aggressive mode is specified
+    aggressive = False
+    if len(sys.argv) > 4:
+        aggressive = sys.argv[4].lower() in ('true', 'yes', '1', 'aggressive')
+    
+    print(f"Starting test with {url_count} URLs, {target_memory}% memory target")
+    print(f"Stream mode: {STREAM}, Aggressive: {aggressive}")
+    print("Logs will be written to the logs directory")
+    print("Live display starting now...")
+    
+    # Run the test
+    result = asyncio.run(run_memory_stress_test(
+        url_count=url_count, 
+        target_memory_percent=target_memory,
+        aggressive=aggressive
+    ))
+    
+    # Exit with status code
+    sys.exit(0 if result else 1)

tests/pipeline/demo_browser_hub_pipeline.py

@@ -0,0 +1,222 @@
+# demo_browser_hub.py
+
+import asyncio
+from typing import List
+
+from crawl4ai.browser.browser_hub import BrowserHub
+from pipeline import create_pipeline
+from crawl4ai.async_configs import BrowserConfig, CrawlerRunConfig
+from crawl4ai.async_logger import AsyncLogger
+from crawl4ai.models import CrawlResultContainer
+from crawl4ai.cache_context import CacheMode
+from crawl4ai import DefaultMarkdownGenerator
+from crawl4ai import PruningContentFilter
+
+async def create_prewarmed_browser_hub(urls_to_crawl: List[str]):
+    """Create a pre-warmed browser hub with 10 browsers and 5 pages each."""
+    # Set up logging
+    logger = AsyncLogger(verbose=True)
+    logger.info("Setting up pre-warmed browser hub", tag="DEMO")
+    
+    # Create browser configuration
+    browser_config = BrowserConfig(
+        browser_type="chromium",
+        headless=True,  # Set to False to see the browsers in action
+        viewport_width=1280,
+        viewport_height=800,
+        light_mode=True,  # Optimize for performance
+        java_script_enabled=True
+    )
+    
+    # Create crawler configurations for pre-warming with different user agents
+    # This allows pages to be ready for different scenarios
+    crawler_configs = [
+        CrawlerRunConfig(
+            user_agent="Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/91.0.4472.124 Safari/537.36",
+            wait_until="networkidle"
+        ),
+        # CrawlerRunConfig(
+        #     user_agent="Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_15_7) AppleWebKit/605.1.15 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/14.0 Safari/605.1.15",
+        #     wait_until="networkidle"
+        # ),
+        # CrawlerRunConfig(
+        #     user_agent="Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/92.0.4515.107 Safari/537.36",
+        #     wait_until="networkidle"
+        # )
+    ]
+    
+    # Number of browsers and pages per browser
+    num_browsers = 1
+    pages_per_browser = 1
+    
+    # Distribute pages across configurations
+    # We'll create a total of 50 pages (10 browsers × 5 pages)
+    page_configs = []
+    total_pages = num_browsers * pages_per_browser
+    pages_per_config = total_pages // len(crawler_configs)
+    
+    for i, config in enumerate(crawler_configs):
+        # For the last config, add any remaining pages
+        if i == len(crawler_configs) - 1:
+            remaining = total_pages - (pages_per_config * (len(crawler_configs) - 1))
+            page_configs.append((browser_config, config, remaining))
+        else:
+            page_configs.append((browser_config, config, pages_per_config))
+    
+    # Create browser hub with pre-warmed pages
+    start_time = asyncio.get_event_loop().time()
+    logger.info("Initializing browser hub with pre-warmed pages...", tag="DEMO")
+    
+    hub = await BrowserHub.get_browser_manager(
+        config=browser_config,
+        hub_id="demo_hub",
+        logger=logger,
+        max_browsers_per_config=num_browsers,
+        max_pages_per_browser=pages_per_browser,
+        initial_pool_size=num_browsers,
+        page_configs=page_configs
+    )
+    
+    end_time = asyncio.get_event_loop().time()
+    logger.success(
+        message="Browser hub initialized with {total_pages} pre-warmed pages in {duration:.2f} seconds",
+        tag="DEMO",
+        params={
+            "total_pages": total_pages,
+            "duration": end_time - start_time
+        }
+    )
+    
+    # Get and display pool status
+    status = await hub.get_pool_status()
+    logger.info(
+        message="Browser pool status: {status}",
+        tag="DEMO",
+        params={"status": status}
+    )
+    
+    return hub
+
+async def crawl_urls_with_hub(hub, urls: List[str]) -> List[CrawlResultContainer]:
+    """Crawl a list of URLs using a pre-warmed browser hub."""
+    logger = AsyncLogger(verbose=True)
+    
+    # Create crawler configuration
+    crawler_config = CrawlerRunConfig(
+        cache_mode=CacheMode.BYPASS,
+        markdown_generator=DefaultMarkdownGenerator(
+            content_filter=PruningContentFilter(
+                threshold=0.48,
+                threshold_type="fixed",
+                min_word_threshold=0
+            )
+        ),
+        wait_until="networkidle",
+        screenshot=True
+    )
+    
+    # Create pipeline with the browser hub
+    pipeline = await create_pipeline(
+        browser_hub=hub,
+        logger=logger
+    )
+    
+    results = []
+    
+    # Crawl all URLs in parallel
+    async def crawl_url(url):
+        logger.info(f"Crawling {url}...", tag="CRAWL")
+        result = await pipeline.crawl(url=url, config=crawler_config)
+        logger.success(f"Completed crawl of {url}", tag="CRAWL")
+        return result
+    
+    # Create tasks for all URLs
+    tasks = [crawl_url(url) for url in urls]
+    
+    # Execute all tasks in parallel and collect results
+    results = await asyncio.gather(*tasks)
+    
+    return results
+
+async def main():
+    """Main demo function."""
+    # List of URLs to crawl
+    urls_to_crawl = [
+        "https://example.com",
+        # "https://www.python.org",
+        # "https://httpbin.org/html",
+        # "https://news.ycombinator.com",
+        # "https://github.com",
+        # "https://pypi.org",
+        # "https://docs.python.org/3/",
+        # "https://opensource.org",
+        # "https://whatismyipaddress.com",
+        # "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_scraping"
+    ]
+    
+    # Set up logging
+    logger = AsyncLogger(verbose=True)
+    logger.info("Starting browser hub demo", tag="DEMO")
+    
+    try:
+        # Create pre-warmed browser hub
+        hub = await create_prewarmed_browser_hub(urls_to_crawl)
+        
+        # Use hub to crawl URLs
+        logger.info("Crawling URLs in parallel...", tag="DEMO")
+        start_time = asyncio.get_event_loop().time()
+        
+        results = await crawl_urls_with_hub(hub, urls_to_crawl)
+        
+        end_time = asyncio.get_event_loop().time()
+        
+        # Display results
+        logger.success(
+            message="Crawled {count} URLs in {duration:.2f} seconds (average: {avg:.2f} seconds per URL)",
+            tag="DEMO",
+            params={
+                "count": len(results),
+                "duration": end_time - start_time,
+                "avg": (end_time - start_time) / len(results)
+            }
+        )
+        
+        # Print summary of results
+        logger.info("Crawl results summary:", tag="DEMO")
+        for i, result in enumerate(results):
+            logger.info(
+                message="{idx}. {url}: Success={success}, Content length={length}",
+                tag="RESULT",
+                params={
+                    "idx": i+1,
+                    "url": result.url,
+                    "success": result.success,
+                    "length": len(result.html) if result.html else 0
+                }
+            )
+            
+            if result.success and result.markdown and result.markdown.raw_markdown:
+                # Print a snippet of the markdown
+                markdown_snippet = result.markdown.raw_markdown[:150] + "..."
+                logger.info(
+                    message="   Markdown: {snippet}",
+                    tag="RESULT",
+                    params={"snippet": markdown_snippet}
+                )
+        
+        # Display final browser pool status
+        status = await hub.get_pool_status()
+        logger.info(
+            message="Final browser pool status: {status}",
+            tag="DEMO",
+            params={"status": status}
+        )
+        
+    finally:
+        # Clean up
+        logger.info("Shutting down browser hub...", tag="DEMO")
+        await BrowserHub.shutdown_all()
+        logger.success("Demo completed", tag="DEMO")
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    asyncio.run(main())

tests/pipeline/extended_browser_hub_tests.py

@@ -0,0 +1,505 @@
+# extended_browser_hub_tests.py
+
+import asyncio
+
+from crawl4ai.browser.browser_hub import BrowserHub
+from pipeline import create_pipeline
+from crawl4ai.async_configs import BrowserConfig, CrawlerRunConfig
+from crawl4ai.async_logger import AsyncLogger
+from crawl4ai.cache_context import CacheMode
+
+# Common test URLs
+TEST_URLS = [
+    "https://example.com",
+    "https://example.com/page1",
+    "https://httpbin.org/html",
+    "https://httpbin.org/headers",
+    "https://httpbin.org/ip",
+    "https://httpstat.us/200"
+]
+
+class TestResults:
+    """Simple container for test results"""
+    def __init__(self, name: str):
+        self.name = name
+        self.results = []
+        self.start_time = None
+        self.end_time = None
+        self.errors = []
+    
+    @property
+    def duration(self) -> float:
+        if self.start_time and self.end_time:
+            return self.end_time - self.start_time
+        return 0
+    
+    @property
+    def success_rate(self) -> float:
+        if not self.results:
+            return 0
+        return sum(1 for r in self.results if r.success) / len(self.results) * 100
+
+    def log_summary(self, logger: AsyncLogger):
+        logger.info(f"=== Test: {self.name} ===", tag="SUMMARY")
+        logger.info(
+            message="Duration: {duration:.2f}s, Success rate: {success_rate:.1f}%, Results: {count}",
+            tag="SUMMARY",
+            params={
+                "duration": self.duration,
+                "success_rate": self.success_rate,
+                "count": len(self.results)
+            }
+        )
+        
+        if self.errors:
+            logger.error(
+                message="Errors ({count}): {errors}",
+                tag="SUMMARY",
+                params={
+                    "count": len(self.errors),
+                    "errors": "; ".join(str(e) for e in self.errors)
+                }
+            )
+
+# ======== TEST SCENARIO 1: Simple default configuration ========
+async def test_default_configuration():
+    """
+    Test Scenario 1: Simple default configuration
+    
+    This tests the basic case where the user does not provide any specific
+    browser configuration, relying on default auto-setup.
+    """
+    logger = AsyncLogger(verbose=True)
+    results = TestResults("Default Configuration")
+    
+    try:
+        # Create pipeline with no browser config
+        pipeline = await create_pipeline(logger=logger)
+        
+        # Start timing
+        results.start_time = asyncio.get_event_loop().time()
+        
+        # Create basic crawler config
+        crawler_config = CrawlerRunConfig(
+            cache_mode=CacheMode.BYPASS,
+            wait_until="domcontentloaded"
+        )
+        
+        # Process each URL sequentially
+        for url in TEST_URLS:
+            try:
+                logger.info(f"Crawling {url} with default configuration", tag="TEST")
+                result = await pipeline.crawl(url=url, config=crawler_config)
+                results.results.append(result)
+                
+                logger.success(
+                    message="Result: url={url}, success={success}, content_length={length}",
+                    tag="TEST",
+                    params={
+                        "url": url,
+                        "success": result.success,
+                        "length": len(result.html) if result.html else 0
+                    }
+                )
+            except Exception as e:
+                logger.error(f"Error crawling {url}: {str(e)}", tag="TEST")
+                results.errors.append(e)
+        
+        # End timing
+        results.end_time = asyncio.get_event_loop().time()
+        
+    except Exception as e:
+        logger.error(f"Test failed with error: {str(e)}", tag="TEST")
+        results.errors.append(e)
+    
+    # Log summary
+    results.log_summary(logger)
+    
+    return results
+
+# ======== TEST SCENARIO 2: Detailed custom configuration ========
+async def test_custom_configuration():
+    """
+    Test Scenario 2: Detailed custom configuration
+    
+    This tests the case where the user provides detailed browser configuration
+    to customize the browser behavior.
+    """
+    logger = AsyncLogger(verbose=True)
+    results = TestResults("Custom Configuration")
+    
+    try:
+        # Create custom browser config
+        browser_config = BrowserConfig(
+            browser_type="chromium",
+            headless=True,
+            viewport_width=1920,
+            viewport_height=1080,
+            user_agent="Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Ubuntu; Linux x86_64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/90.0.4430.212 Safari/537.36",
+            light_mode=True,
+            ignore_https_errors=True,
+            extra_args=["--disable-extensions"]
+        )
+        
+        # Create custom crawler config
+        crawler_config = CrawlerRunConfig(
+            cache_mode=CacheMode.BYPASS,
+            wait_until="networkidle",
+            page_timeout=30000,
+            screenshot=True,
+            pdf=False,
+            screenshot_wait_for=0.5,
+            wait_for_images=True,
+            scan_full_page=True,
+            scroll_delay=0.2,
+            process_iframes=True,
+            remove_overlay_elements=True
+        )
+        
+        # Create pipeline with custom configuration
+        pipeline = await create_pipeline(
+            browser_config=browser_config,
+            logger=logger
+        )
+        
+        # Start timing
+        results.start_time = asyncio.get_event_loop().time()
+        
+        # Process each URL sequentially
+        for url in TEST_URLS:
+            try:
+                logger.info(f"Crawling {url} with custom configuration", tag="TEST")
+                result = await pipeline.crawl(url=url, config=crawler_config)
+                results.results.append(result)
+                
+                has_screenshot = result.screenshot is not None
+                
+                logger.success(
+                    message="Result: url={url}, success={success}, screenshot={screenshot}, content_length={length}",
+                    tag="TEST",
+                    params={
+                        "url": url,
+                        "success": result.success,
+                        "screenshot": has_screenshot,
+                        "length": len(result.html) if result.html else 0
+                    }
+                )
+            except Exception as e:
+                logger.error(f"Error crawling {url}: {str(e)}", tag="TEST")
+                results.errors.append(e)
+        
+        # End timing
+        results.end_time = asyncio.get_event_loop().time()
+        
+        # Get browser hub status from context
+        try:
+            # Run a dummy crawl to get the context with browser hub
+            context = await pipeline.process({"url": "about:blank", "config": crawler_config})
+            browser_hub = context.get("browser_hub")
+            if browser_hub:
+                status = await browser_hub.get_pool_status()
+                logger.info(
+                    message="Browser hub status: {status}",
+                    tag="TEST",
+                    params={"status": status}
+                )
+        except Exception as e:
+            logger.error(f"Failed to get browser hub status: {str(e)}", tag="TEST")
+    
+    except Exception as e:
+        logger.error(f"Test failed with error: {str(e)}", tag="TEST")
+        results.errors.append(e)
+    
+    # Log summary
+    results.log_summary(logger)
+    
+    return results
+
+# ======== TEST SCENARIO 3: Using pre-initialized browser hub ========
+async def test_preinitalized_browser_hub():
+    """
+    Test Scenario 3: Using pre-initialized browser hub
+    
+    This tests the case where a browser hub is initialized separately
+    and then passed to the pipeline.
+    """
+    logger = AsyncLogger(verbose=True)
+    results = TestResults("Pre-initialized Browser Hub")
+    
+    browser_hub = None
+    try:
+        # Create and initialize browser hub separately
+        logger.info("Initializing browser hub separately", tag="TEST")
+        
+        browser_config = BrowserConfig(
+            browser_type="chromium",
+            headless=True,
+            verbose=True
+        )
+        
+        browser_hub = await BrowserHub.get_browser_manager(
+            config=browser_config,
+            hub_id="test_preinitalized",
+            logger=logger,
+            max_browsers_per_config=2,
+            max_pages_per_browser=3,
+            initial_pool_size=2
+        )
+        
+        # Display initial status
+        status = await browser_hub.get_pool_status()
+        logger.info(
+            message="Initial browser hub status: {status}",
+            tag="TEST",
+            params={"status": status}
+        )
+        
+        # Create pipeline with pre-initialized browser hub
+        pipeline = await create_pipeline(
+            browser_hub=browser_hub,
+            logger=logger
+        )
+        
+        # Create crawler config
+        crawler_config = CrawlerRunConfig(
+            cache_mode=CacheMode.BYPASS,
+            wait_until="networkidle",
+            screenshot=True
+        )
+        
+        # Start timing
+        results.start_time = asyncio.get_event_loop().time()
+        
+        # Process URLs in parallel
+        async def crawl_url(url):
+            try:
+                logger.info(f"Crawling {url} with pre-initialized hub", tag="TEST")
+                result = await pipeline.crawl(url=url, config=crawler_config)
+                logger.success(f"Completed crawl of {url}", tag="TEST")
+                return result
+            except Exception as e:
+                logger.error(f"Error crawling {url}: {str(e)}", tag="TEST")
+                results.errors.append(e)
+                return None
+        
+        # Create tasks for all URLs
+        tasks = [crawl_url(url) for url in TEST_URLS]
+        
+        # Execute all tasks in parallel and collect results
+        all_results = await asyncio.gather(*tasks)
+        results.results = [r for r in all_results if r is not None]
+        
+        # End timing
+        results.end_time = asyncio.get_event_loop().time()
+        
+        # Display final status
+        status = await browser_hub.get_pool_status()
+        logger.info(
+            message="Final browser hub status: {status}",
+            tag="TEST",
+            params={"status": status}
+        )
+        
+    except Exception as e:
+        logger.error(f"Test failed with error: {str(e)}", tag="TEST")
+        results.errors.append(e)
+    
+    # Log summary
+    results.log_summary(logger)
+    
+    return results, browser_hub
+
+# ======== TEST SCENARIO 4: Parallel pipelines sharing browser hub ========
+async def test_parallel_pipelines():
+    """
+    Test Scenario 4: Multiple parallel pipelines sharing browser hub
+    
+    This tests the case where multiple pipelines share the same browser hub,
+    demonstrating resource sharing and parallel operation.
+    """
+    logger = AsyncLogger(verbose=True)
+    results = TestResults("Parallel Pipelines")
+    
+    # We'll reuse the browser hub from the previous test
+    _, browser_hub = await test_preinitalized_browser_hub()
+    
+    try:
+        # Create 3 pipelines that all share the same browser hub
+        pipelines = []
+        for i in range(3):
+            pipeline = await create_pipeline(
+                browser_hub=browser_hub,
+                logger=logger
+            )
+            pipelines.append(pipeline)
+        
+        logger.info(f"Created {len(pipelines)} pipelines sharing the same browser hub", tag="TEST")
+        
+        # Create crawler configs with different settings
+        configs = [
+            CrawlerRunConfig(wait_until="domcontentloaded", screenshot=False),
+            CrawlerRunConfig(wait_until="networkidle", screenshot=True),
+            CrawlerRunConfig(wait_until="load", scan_full_page=True)
+        ]
+        
+        # Start timing
+        results.start_time = asyncio.get_event_loop().time()
+        
+        # Function to process URLs with a specific pipeline
+        async def process_with_pipeline(pipeline_idx, urls):
+            pipeline_results = []
+            for url in urls:
+                try:
+                    logger.info(f"Pipeline {pipeline_idx} crawling {url}", tag="TEST")
+                    result = await pipelines[pipeline_idx].crawl(
+                        url=url, 
+                        config=configs[pipeline_idx]
+                    )
+                    pipeline_results.append(result)
+                    logger.success(
+                        message="Pipeline {idx} completed: url={url}, success={success}",
+                        tag="TEST",
+                        params={
+                            "idx": pipeline_idx,
+                            "url": url,
+                            "success": result.success
+                        }
+                    )
+                except Exception as e:
+                    logger.error(
+                        message="Pipeline {idx} error: {error}",
+                        tag="TEST",
+                        params={
+                            "idx": pipeline_idx,
+                            "error": str(e)
+                        }
+                    )
+                    results.errors.append(e)
+            return pipeline_results
+        
+        # Distribute URLs among pipelines
+        pipeline_urls = [
+            TEST_URLS[:2],
+            TEST_URLS[2:4],
+            TEST_URLS[4:5] * 2  # Duplicate the last URL to have 2 for pipeline 3
+        ]
+        
+        # Execute all pipelines in parallel
+        tasks = [
+            process_with_pipeline(i, urls) 
+            for i, urls in enumerate(pipeline_urls)
+        ]
+        
+        pipeline_results = await asyncio.gather(*tasks)
+        
+        # Flatten results
+        for res_list in pipeline_results:
+            results.results.extend(res_list)
+        
+        # End timing
+        results.end_time = asyncio.get_event_loop().time()
+        
+        # Display browser hub status
+        status = await browser_hub.get_pool_status()
+        logger.info(
+            message="Browser hub status after parallel pipelines: {status}",
+            tag="TEST",
+            params={"status": status}
+        )
+        
+    except Exception as e:
+        logger.error(f"Test failed with error: {str(e)}", tag="TEST")
+        results.errors.append(e)
+    
+    # Log summary
+    results.log_summary(logger)
+    
+    return results
+
+# ======== TEST SCENARIO 5: Browser hub with connection string ========
+async def test_connection_string():
+    """
+    Test Scenario 5: Browser hub with connection string
+    
+    This tests the case where a browser hub is initialized from a connection string,
+    simulating connecting to a running browser hub service.
+    """
+    logger = AsyncLogger(verbose=True)
+    results = TestResults("Connection String")
+    
+    try:
+        # Create pipeline with connection string
+        # Note: In a real implementation, this would connect to an existing service
+        # For this test, we're using a simulated connection
+        connection_string = "localhost:9222"  # Simulated connection string
+        
+        pipeline = await create_pipeline(
+            browser_hub_connection=connection_string,
+            logger=logger
+        )
+        
+        # Create crawler config
+        crawler_config = CrawlerRunConfig(
+            cache_mode=CacheMode.BYPASS,
+            wait_until="networkidle"
+        )
+        
+        # Start timing
+        results.start_time = asyncio.get_event_loop().time()
+        
+        # Test with a single URL
+        url = TEST_URLS[0]
+        try:
+            logger.info(f"Crawling {url} with connection string hub", tag="TEST")
+            result = await pipeline.crawl(url=url, config=crawler_config)
+            results.results.append(result)
+            
+            logger.success(
+                message="Result: url={url}, success={success}, content_length={length}",
+                tag="TEST",
+                params={
+                    "url": url,
+                    "success": result.success,
+                    "length": len(result.html) if result.html else 0
+                }
+            )
+        except Exception as e:
+            logger.error(f"Error crawling {url}: {str(e)}", tag="TEST")
+            results.errors.append(e)
+        
+        # End timing
+        results.end_time = asyncio.get_event_loop().time()
+        
+    except Exception as e:
+        logger.error(f"Test failed with error: {str(e)}", tag="TEST")
+        results.errors.append(e)
+    
+    # Log summary
+    results.log_summary(logger)
+    
+    return results
+
+# ======== RUN ALL TESTS ========
+async def run_all_tests():
+    """Run all test scenarios"""
+    logger = AsyncLogger(verbose=True)
+    logger.info("=== STARTING BROWSER HUB TESTS ===", tag="MAIN")
+    
+    try:
+        # Run each test scenario
+        await test_default_configuration()
+        # await test_custom_configuration()
+        # await test_preinitalized_browser_hub()
+        # await test_parallel_pipelines()
+        # await test_connection_string()
+        
+    except Exception as e:
+        logger.error(f"Test suite failed: {str(e)}", tag="MAIN")
+    finally:
+        # Clean up all browser hubs
+        logger.info("Shutting down all browser hubs...", tag="MAIN")
+        await BrowserHub.shutdown_all()
+        logger.success("All tests completed", tag="MAIN")
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    asyncio.run(run_all_tests())