fix #1563 (cdp): resolve page leaks and race conditions in concurrent crawling

Fix memory leaks and race conditions when using arun_many() with managed CDP browsers. Each crawl now gets proper page isolation with automatic cleanup while maintaining shared browser context.

Key fixes:
- Close non-session pages after crawling to prevent tab accumulation
- Add thread-safe page creation with locks to avoid concurrent access
- Improve page lifecycle management for managed vs non-managed browsers
- Keep session pages alive for authentication persistence
- Prevent TOCTOU (time-of-check-time-of-use) race conditions

This ensures stable parallel crawling without memory growth or browser instability.

crawl4ai/async_crawler_strategy.py

@@ -1047,14 +1047,28 @@ class AsyncPlaywrightCrawlerStrategy(AsyncCrawlerStrategy):
             raise e
 
         finally:
-            # If no session_id is given we should close the page
+            # Clean up page after crawl completes
+            # For managed CDP browsers, close pages that are not part of a session to prevent memory leaks
             all_contexts = page.context.browser.contexts
-            total_pages = sum(len(context.pages) for context in all_contexts)                
+            total_pages = sum(len(context.pages) for context in all_contexts)
+            
+            should_close_page = False
+            
             if config.session_id:
+                # Session pages are kept alive for reuse
                 pass
-            elif total_pages <= 1 and (self.browser_config.use_managed_browser or self.browser_config.headless):
+            elif self.browser_config.use_managed_browser:
+                # For managed browsers (CDP), close non-session pages to prevent tab accumulation
+                # This is especially important for arun_many() with multiple concurrent crawls
+                should_close_page = True
+            elif total_pages <= 1 and self.browser_config.headless:
+                # Keep the last page in headless mode to avoid closing the browser
                 pass
             else:
+                # For non-managed browsers, close the page
+                should_close_page = True
+            
+            if should_close_page:
                 # Detach listeners before closing to prevent potential errors during close
                 if config.capture_network_requests:
                     page.remove_listener("request", handle_request_capture)
@@ -1383,9 +1397,10 @@ class AsyncPlaywrightCrawlerStrategy(AsyncCrawlerStrategy):
         try:
             await self.adapter.evaluate(page,
                 f"""
-                (() => {{
+                (async () => {{
                     try {{
-                        {remove_overlays_js}
+                        const removeOverlays = {remove_overlays_js};
+                        await removeOverlays();
                         return {{ success: true }};
                     }} catch (error) {{
                         return {{

crawl4ai/browser_manager.py

@@ -1,23 +1,22 @@
 import asyncio
-import hashlib
+import time
+from typing import List, Optional
 import os
-import shlex
+import sys
 import shutil
+import tempfile
+import psutil  
 import signal
 import subprocess
-import sys
-import tempfile
-import time
-import warnings
-from typing import List, Optional
-
-import psutil
+import shlex
 from playwright.async_api import BrowserContext
-
-from .async_configs import BrowserConfig, CrawlerRunConfig
-from .config import DOWNLOAD_PAGE_TIMEOUT
+import hashlib
 from .js_snippet import load_js_script
+from .config import DOWNLOAD_PAGE_TIMEOUT
+from .async_configs import BrowserConfig, CrawlerRunConfig
 from .utils import get_chromium_path
+import warnings
+
 
 BROWSER_DISABLE_OPTIONS = [
     "--disable-background-networking",
@@ -66,7 +65,7 @@ class ManagedBrowser:
             _cleanup(): Terminates the browser process and removes the temporary directory.
             create_profile(): Static method to create a user profile by launching a browser for user interaction.
     """
-
+    
     @staticmethod
     def build_browser_flags(config: BrowserConfig) -> List[str]:
         """Common CLI flags for launching Chromium"""
@@ -93,25 +92,21 @@ class ManagedBrowser:
         if config.light_mode:
             flags.extend(BROWSER_DISABLE_OPTIONS)
         if config.text_mode:
-            flags.extend(
-                [
-                    "--blink-settings=imagesEnabled=false",
-                    "--disable-remote-fonts",
-                    "--disable-images",
-                    "--disable-javascript",
-                    "--disable-software-rasterizer",
-                    "--disable-dev-shm-usage",
-                ]
-            )
+            flags.extend([
+                "--blink-settings=imagesEnabled=false",
+                "--disable-remote-fonts",
+                "--disable-images",
+                "--disable-javascript",
+                "--disable-software-rasterizer",
+                "--disable-dev-shm-usage",
+            ])
         # proxy support
         if config.proxy:
             flags.append(f"--proxy-server={config.proxy}")
         elif config.proxy_config:
             creds = ""
             if config.proxy_config.username and config.proxy_config.password:
-                creds = (
-                    f"{config.proxy_config.username}:{config.proxy_config.password}@"
-                )
+                creds = f"{config.proxy_config.username}:{config.proxy_config.password}@"
             flags.append(f"--proxy-server={creds}{config.proxy_config.server}")
         # dedupe
         return list(dict.fromkeys(flags))
@@ -132,7 +127,7 @@ class ManagedBrowser:
         logger=None,
         host: str = "localhost",
         debugging_port: int = 9222,
-        cdp_url: Optional[str] = None,
+        cdp_url: Optional[str] = None, 
         browser_config: Optional[BrowserConfig] = None,
     ):
         """
@@ -168,7 +163,7 @@ class ManagedBrowser:
         Starts the browser process or returns CDP endpoint URL.
         If cdp_url is provided, returns it directly.
         If user_data_dir is not provided for local browser, creates a temporary directory.
-
+        
         Returns:
             str: CDP endpoint URL
         """
@@ -184,9 +179,10 @@ class ManagedBrowser:
         # Get browser path and args based on OS and browser type
         # browser_path = self._get_browser_path()
         args = await self._get_browser_args()
-
+        
         if self.browser_config.extra_args:
             args.extend(self.browser_config.extra_args)
+            
 
         # ── make sure no old Chromium instance is owning the same port/profile ──
         try:
@@ -204,9 +200,7 @@ class ManagedBrowser:
             else:  # macOS / Linux
                 # kill any process listening on the same debugging port
                 pids = (
-                    subprocess.check_output(
-                        shlex.split(f"lsof -t -i:{self.debugging_port}")
-                    )
+                    subprocess.check_output(shlex.split(f"lsof -t -i:{self.debugging_port}"))
                     .decode()
                     .strip()
                     .splitlines()
@@ -225,7 +219,8 @@ class ManagedBrowser:
                         os.remove(fp)
         except Exception as _e:
             # non-fatal — we'll try to start anyway, but log what happened
-            self.logger.warning(f"pre-launch cleanup failed: {_e}", tag="BROWSER")
+            self.logger.warning(f"pre-launch cleanup failed: {_e}", tag="BROWSER")            
+            
 
         # Start browser process
         try:
@@ -233,26 +228,26 @@ class ManagedBrowser:
             # On Unix, we'll use preexec_fn=os.setpgrp to start the process in a new process group
             if sys.platform == "win32":
                 self.browser_process = subprocess.Popen(
-                    args,
-                    stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
+                    args, 
+                    stdout=subprocess.PIPE, 
                     stderr=subprocess.PIPE,
-                    creationflags=subprocess.DETACHED_PROCESS
-                    | subprocess.CREATE_NEW_PROCESS_GROUP,
+                    creationflags=subprocess.DETACHED_PROCESS | subprocess.CREATE_NEW_PROCESS_GROUP
                 )
             else:
                 self.browser_process = subprocess.Popen(
-                    args,
-                    stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
+                    args, 
+                    stdout=subprocess.PIPE, 
                     stderr=subprocess.PIPE,
-                    preexec_fn=os.setpgrp,  # Start in a new process group
+                    preexec_fn=os.setpgrp  # Start in a new process group
                 )
-
+                
             # If verbose is True print args used to run the process
             if self.logger and self.browser_config.verbose:
                 self.logger.debug(
-                    f"Starting browser with args: {' '.join(args)}", tag="BROWSER"
-                )
-
+                    f"Starting browser with args: {' '.join(args)}",
+                    tag="BROWSER"
+                )    
+                
             # We'll monitor for a short time to make sure it starts properly, but won't keep monitoring
             await asyncio.sleep(0.5)  # Give browser time to start
             await self._initial_startup_check()
@@ -269,7 +264,7 @@ class ManagedBrowser:
         """
         if not self.browser_process:
             return
-
+            
         # Check that process started without immediate termination
         await asyncio.sleep(0.5)
         if self.browser_process.poll() is not None:
@@ -279,7 +274,7 @@ class ManagedBrowser:
                 stdout, stderr = self.browser_process.communicate(timeout=0.5)
             except subprocess.TimeoutExpired:
                 pass
-
+                
             self.logger.error(
                 message="Browser process terminated during startup | Code: {code} | STDOUT: {stdout} | STDERR: {stderr}",
                 tag="ERROR",
@@ -289,7 +284,7 @@ class ManagedBrowser:
                     "stderr": stderr.decode() if stderr else "",
                 },
             )
-
+    
     async def _monitor_browser_process(self):
         """
         Monitor the browser process for unexpected termination.
@@ -412,14 +407,7 @@ class ManagedBrowser:
                         if sys.platform == "win32":
                             # On Windows we might need taskkill for detached processes
                             try:
-                                subprocess.run(
-                                    [
-                                        "taskkill",
-                                        "/F",
-                                        "/PID",
-                                        str(self.browser_process.pid),
-                                    ]
-                                )
+                                subprocess.run(["taskkill", "/F", "/PID", str(self.browser_process.pid)])
                             except Exception:
                                 self.browser_process.kill()
                         else:
@@ -429,7 +417,7 @@ class ManagedBrowser:
             except Exception as e:
                 self.logger.error(
                     message="Error terminating browser: {error}",
-                    tag="ERROR",
+                    tag="ERROR", 
                     params={"error": str(e)},
                 )
 
@@ -442,77 +430,75 @@ class ManagedBrowser:
                     tag="ERROR",
                     params={"error": str(e)},
                 )
-
+                
     # These methods have been moved to BrowserProfiler class
     @staticmethod
     async def create_profile(browser_config=None, profile_name=None, logger=None):
         """
         This method has been moved to the BrowserProfiler class.
-
+        
         Creates a browser profile by launching a browser for interactive user setup
         and waits until the user closes it. The profile is stored in a directory that
         can be used later with BrowserConfig.user_data_dir.
-
+        
         Please use BrowserProfiler.create_profile() instead.
-
+        
         Example:
             ```python
             from crawl4ai.browser_profiler import BrowserProfiler
-
+            
             profiler = BrowserProfiler()
             profile_path = await profiler.create_profile(profile_name="my-login-profile")
             ```
         """
         from .browser_profiler import BrowserProfiler
-
+        
         # Create a BrowserProfiler instance and delegate to it
         profiler = BrowserProfiler(logger=logger)
-        return await profiler.create_profile(
-            profile_name=profile_name, browser_config=browser_config
-        )
-
+        return await profiler.create_profile(profile_name=profile_name, browser_config=browser_config)
+    
     @staticmethod
     def list_profiles():
         """
         This method has been moved to the BrowserProfiler class.
-
+        
         Lists all available browser profiles in the Crawl4AI profiles directory.
-
+        
         Please use BrowserProfiler.list_profiles() instead.
-
+        
         Example:
             ```python
             from crawl4ai.browser_profiler import BrowserProfiler
-
+            
             profiler = BrowserProfiler()
             profiles = profiler.list_profiles()
             ```
         """
         from .browser_profiler import BrowserProfiler
-
+        
         # Create a BrowserProfiler instance and delegate to it
         profiler = BrowserProfiler()
         return profiler.list_profiles()
-
+        
     @staticmethod
     def delete_profile(profile_name_or_path):
         """
         This method has been moved to the BrowserProfiler class.
-
+        
         Delete a browser profile by name or path.
-
+        
         Please use BrowserProfiler.delete_profile() instead.
-
+        
         Example:
             ```python
             from crawl4ai.browser_profiler import BrowserProfiler
-
+            
             profiler = BrowserProfiler()
             success = profiler.delete_profile("my-profile")
             ```
         """
         from .browser_profiler import BrowserProfiler
-
+        
         # Create a BrowserProfiler instance and delegate to it
         profiler = BrowserProfiler()
         return profiler.delete_profile(profile_name_or_path)
@@ -565,10 +551,11 @@ async def clone_runtime_state(
                 "accuracy": crawlerRunConfig.geolocation.accuracy,
             }
         )
-
+        
     return dst
 
 
+
 class BrowserManager:
     """
     Manages the browser instance and context.
@@ -585,7 +572,7 @@ class BrowserManager:
     """
 
     _playwright_instance = None
-
+    
     @classmethod
     async def get_playwright(cls, use_undetected: bool = False):
         if use_undetected:
@@ -593,11 +580,9 @@ class BrowserManager:
         else:
             from playwright.async_api import async_playwright
         cls._playwright_instance = await async_playwright().start()
-        return cls._playwright_instance
+        return cls._playwright_instance    
 
-    def __init__(
-        self, browser_config: BrowserConfig, logger=None, use_undetected: bool = False
-    ):
+    def __init__(self, browser_config: BrowserConfig, logger=None, use_undetected: bool = False):
         """
         Initialize the BrowserManager with a browser configuration.
 
@@ -623,17 +608,16 @@ class BrowserManager:
         # Keep track of contexts by a "config signature," so each unique config reuses a single context
         self.contexts_by_config = {}
         self._contexts_lock = asyncio.Lock()
-
+        
         # Serialize context.new_page() across concurrent tasks to avoid races
         # when using a shared persistent context (context.pages may be empty
         # for all racers). Prevents 'Target page/context closed' errors.
         self._page_lock = asyncio.Lock()
-
+        
         # Stealth adapter for stealth mode
         self._stealth_adapter = None
         if self.config.enable_stealth and not self.use_undetected:
             from .browser_adapter import StealthAdapter
-
             self._stealth_adapter = StealthAdapter()
 
         # Initialize ManagedBrowser if needed
@@ -662,7 +646,7 @@ class BrowserManager:
         """
         if self.playwright is not None:
             await self.close()
-
+            
         if self.use_undetected:
             from patchright.async_api import async_playwright
         else:
@@ -673,11 +657,7 @@ class BrowserManager:
 
         if self.config.cdp_url or self.config.use_managed_browser:
             self.config.use_managed_browser = True
-            cdp_url = (
-                await self.managed_browser.start()
-                if not self.config.cdp_url
-                else self.config.cdp_url
-            )
+            cdp_url = await self.managed_browser.start() if not self.config.cdp_url else self.config.cdp_url
             self.browser = await self.playwright.chromium.connect_over_cdp(cdp_url)
             contexts = self.browser.contexts
             if contexts:
@@ -698,6 +678,7 @@ class BrowserManager:
 
             self.default_context = self.browser
 
+
     def _build_browser_args(self) -> dict:
         """Build browser launch arguments from config."""
         args = [
@@ -743,7 +724,7 @@ class BrowserManager:
 
         # Deduplicate args
         args = list(dict.fromkeys(args))
-
+        
         browser_args = {"headless": self.config.headless, "args": args}
 
         if self.config.chrome_channel:
@@ -820,9 +801,9 @@ class BrowserManager:
             context.set_default_navigation_timeout(DOWNLOAD_PAGE_TIMEOUT)
             if self.config.downloads_path:
                 context._impl_obj._options["accept_downloads"] = True
-                context._impl_obj._options["downloads_path"] = (
-                    self.config.downloads_path
-                )
+                context._impl_obj._options[
+                    "downloads_path"
+                ] = self.config.downloads_path
 
         # Handle user agent and browser hints
         if self.config.user_agent:
@@ -853,7 +834,7 @@ class BrowserManager:
                 or crawlerRunConfig.simulate_user
                 or crawlerRunConfig.magic
             ):
-                await context.add_init_script(load_js_script("navigator_overrider"))
+                await context.add_init_script(load_js_script("navigator_overrider"))        
 
     async def create_browser_context(self, crawlerRunConfig: CrawlerRunConfig = None):
         """
@@ -864,7 +845,7 @@ class BrowserManager:
             Context: Browser context object with the specified configurations
         """
         # Base settings
-        user_agent = self.config.headers.get("User-Agent", self.config.user_agent)
+        user_agent = self.config.headers.get("User-Agent", self.config.user_agent) 
         viewport_settings = {
             "width": self.config.viewport_width,
             "height": self.config.viewport_height,
@@ -937,7 +918,7 @@ class BrowserManager:
             "device_scale_factor": 1.0,
             "java_script_enabled": self.config.java_script_enabled,
         }
-
+        
         if crawlerRunConfig:
             # Check if there is value for crawlerRunConfig.proxy_config set add that to context
             if crawlerRunConfig.proxy_config:
@@ -945,12 +926,10 @@ class BrowserManager:
                     "server": crawlerRunConfig.proxy_config.server,
                 }
                 if crawlerRunConfig.proxy_config.username:
-                    proxy_settings.update(
-                        {
-                            "username": crawlerRunConfig.proxy_config.username,
-                            "password": crawlerRunConfig.proxy_config.password,
-                        }
-                    )
+                    proxy_settings.update({
+                        "username": crawlerRunConfig.proxy_config.username,
+                        "password": crawlerRunConfig.proxy_config.password,
+                    })
                 context_settings["proxy"] = proxy_settings
 
         if self.config.text_mode:
@@ -1008,12 +987,12 @@ class BrowserManager:
             "cache_mode",
             "content_filter",
             "semaphore_count",
-            "url",
+            "url"
         ]
-
+        
         # Do NOT exclude locale, timezone_id, or geolocation as these DO affect browser context
         # and should cause a new context to be created if they change
-
+        
         for key in ephemeral_keys:
             if key in config_dict:
                 del config_dict[key]
@@ -1034,7 +1013,7 @@ class BrowserManager:
                     self.logger.warning(
                         message="Failed to apply stealth to page: {error}",
                         tag="STEALTH",
-                        params={"error": str(e)},
+                        params={"error": str(e)}
                     )
 
     async def get_page(self, crawlerRunConfig: CrawlerRunConfig):
@@ -1056,43 +1035,20 @@ class BrowserManager:
             self.sessions[crawlerRunConfig.session_id] = (context, page, time.time())
             return page, context
 
-        # If using a managed browser, just grab the shared default_context
+        # If using a managed browser, reuse the default context and create new pages
         if self.config.use_managed_browser:
+            context = self.default_context
             if self.config.storage_state:
-                context = await self.create_browser_context(crawlerRunConfig)
-                ctx = self.default_context  # default context, one window only
-                ctx = await clone_runtime_state(
-                    context, ctx, crawlerRunConfig, self.config
-                )
-                # Avoid concurrent new_page on shared persistent context
-                # See GH-1198: context.pages can be empty under races
-                async with self._page_lock:
-                    page = await ctx.new_page()
-                await self._apply_stealth_to_page(page)
-            else:
-                context = self.default_context
-                pages = context.pages
-                page = next((p for p in pages if p.url == crawlerRunConfig.url), None)
-                if not page:
-                    if pages:
-                        # FIX: Always create a new page for managed browsers to support concurrent crawling
-                        # Previously: page = pages[0]
-                        async with self._page_lock:
-                            page = await context.new_page()
-                        await self._apply_stealth_to_page(page)
-                    else:
-                        # Double-check under lock to avoid TOCTOU and ensure only
-                        # one task calls new_page when pages=[] concurrently
-                        async with self._page_lock:
-                            pages = context.pages
-                            if pages:
-                                # FIX: Always create a new page for managed browsers to support concurrent crawling
-                                # Previously: page = pages[0]
-                                page = await context.new_page()
-                                await self._apply_stealth_to_page(page)
-                            else:
-                                page = await context.new_page()
-                                await self._apply_stealth_to_page(page)
+                # Clone runtime state from storage to the shared context
+                ctx = self.default_context
+                ctx = await clone_runtime_state(context, ctx, crawlerRunConfig, self.config)
+            
+            # Always create a new page for concurrent safety
+            # The page-level isolation prevents race conditions while sharing the same context
+            async with self._page_lock:
+                page = await context.new_page()
+            
+            await self._apply_stealth_to_page(page)
         else:
             # Otherwise, check if we have an existing context for this config
             config_signature = self._make_config_signature(crawlerRunConfig)
@@ -1145,7 +1101,7 @@ class BrowserManager:
         """Close all browser resources and clean up."""
         if self.config.cdp_url:
             return
-
+        
         if self.config.sleep_on_close:
             await asyncio.sleep(0.5)
 
@@ -1161,7 +1117,7 @@ class BrowserManager:
                 self.logger.error(
                     message="Error closing context: {error}",
                     tag="ERROR",
-                    params={"error": str(e)},
+                    params={"error": str(e)}
                 )
         self.contexts_by_config.clear()
 

docker-compose.yml

@@ -6,15 +6,16 @@ x-base-config: &base-config
     - "11235:11235"  # Gunicorn port
   env_file:
     - .llm.env       # API keys (create from .llm.env.example)
-  environment:
-    - OPENAI_API_KEY=${OPENAI_API_KEY:-}
-    - DEEPSEEK_API_KEY=${DEEPSEEK_API_KEY:-}
-    - ANTHROPIC_API_KEY=${ANTHROPIC_API_KEY:-}
-    - GROQ_API_KEY=${GROQ_API_KEY:-}
-    - TOGETHER_API_KEY=${TOGETHER_API_KEY:-}
-    - MISTRAL_API_KEY=${MISTRAL_API_KEY:-}
-    - GEMINI_API_TOKEN=${GEMINI_API_TOKEN:-}
-    - LLM_PROVIDER=${LLM_PROVIDER:-}  # Optional: Override default provider (e.g., "anthropic/claude-3-opus")
+  # Uncomment to set default environment variables (will overwrite .llm.env)
+  # environment:
+  #   - OPENAI_API_KEY=${OPENAI_API_KEY:-}
+  #   - DEEPSEEK_API_KEY=${DEEPSEEK_API_KEY:-}
+  #   - ANTHROPIC_API_KEY=${ANTHROPIC_API_KEY:-}
+  #   - GROQ_API_KEY=${GROQ_API_KEY:-}
+  #   - TOGETHER_API_KEY=${TOGETHER_API_KEY:-}
+  #   - MISTRAL_API_KEY=${MISTRAL_API_KEY:-}
+  #   - GEMINI_API_KEY=${GEMINI_API_KEY:-}
+  #   - LLM_PROVIDER=${LLM_PROVIDER:-}  # Optional: Override default provider (e.g., "anthropic/claude-3-opus")
   volumes:
     - /dev/shm:/dev/shm  # Chromium performance
   deploy:

docs/examples/c4a_script/tutorial/README.md

@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ A comprehensive web-based tutorial for learning and experimenting with C4A-Scrip
 
 2. **Install Dependencies**
    ```bash
-   pip install flask
+   pip install -r requirements.txt
    ```
 
 3. **Launch the Server**
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ A comprehensive web-based tutorial for learning and experimenting with C4A-Scrip
 
 4. **Open in Browser**
    ```
-   http://localhost:8080
+   http://localhost:8000
    ```
 
 **🌐 Try Online**: [Live Demo](https://docs.crawl4ai.com/c4a-script/demo)
@@ -325,7 +325,7 @@ Powers the recording functionality:
 ### Configuration
 ```python
 # server.py configuration
-PORT = 8080
+PORT = 8000
 DEBUG = True
 THREADED = True
 ```
@@ -343,9 +343,9 @@ THREADED = True
 **Port Already in Use**
 ```bash
 # Kill existing process
-lsof -ti:8080 | xargs kill -9
+lsof -ti:8000 | xargs kill -9
 # Or use different port
-python server.py --port 8081
+python server.py --port 8001
 ```
 
 **Blockly Not Loading**

docs/examples/c4a_script/tutorial/server.py

@@ -216,7 +216,7 @@ def get_examples():
             'name': 'Handle Cookie Banner',
             'description': 'Accept cookies and close newsletter popup',
             'script': '''# Handle cookie banner and newsletter
-GO http://127.0.0.1:8080/playground/
+GO http://127.0.0.1:8000/playground/
 WAIT `body` 2
 IF (EXISTS `.cookie-banner`) THEN CLICK `.accept`
 IF (EXISTS `.newsletter-popup`) THEN CLICK `.close`'''

docs/md_v2/advanced/cdp-browser-crawling.md

@@ -0,0 +1,594 @@
+# CDP Browser Crawling
+
+> **New in v0.7.6**: Efficient concurrent crawling with managed CDP (Chrome DevTools Protocol) browsers. Connect to a running browser instance and perform multiple crawls without spawning new windows.
+
+## 1. Overview
+
+When working with CDP browsers, you can connect to an existing browser instance instead of launching a new one for each crawl. This is particularly useful for:
+
+- **Development**: Keep your browser open with DevTools for debugging
+- **Persistent Sessions**: Maintain authentication across multiple crawls  
+- **Resource Efficiency**: Reuse a single browser instance for multiple operations
+- **Concurrent Crawling**: Run multiple crawls simultaneously with proper isolation
+
+**Key Benefits:**
+
+- ✅ Single browser window with multiple tabs (no window clutter)
+- ✅ Shared state (cookies, localStorage) across crawls
+- ✅ Concurrent safety with automatic page isolation
+- ✅ Automatic cleanup to prevent memory leaks
+- ✅ Works seamlessly with `arun_many()` for parallel crawling
+
+---
+
+## 2. Quick Start
+
+### 2.1 Starting a CDP Browser
+
+Use the Crawl4AI CLI to start a managed CDP browser:
+
+```bash
+# Start CDP browser on default port (9222)
+crwl cdp
+
+# Start on custom port
+crwl cdp -d 9223
+
+# Start in headless mode
+crwl cdp --headless
+```
+
+The browser will stay running until you press 'q' or close the terminal.
+
+### 2.2 Basic CDP Connection
+
+```python
+import asyncio
+from crawl4ai import AsyncWebCrawler, BrowserConfig, CrawlerRunConfig
+
+async def main():
+    # Configure CDP connection
+    browser_cfg = BrowserConfig(
+        browser_type="chromium",
+        cdp_url="http://localhost:9222",
+        verbose=True
+    )
+    
+    # Crawl a single URL
+    async with AsyncWebCrawler(config=browser_cfg) as crawler:
+        result = await crawler.arun(
+            url="https://example.com",
+            config=CrawlerRunConfig()
+        )
+        print(f"Success: {result.success}")
+        print(f"Content length: {len(result.markdown)}")
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    asyncio.run(main())
+```
+
+---
+
+## 3. Concurrent Crawling with arun_many()
+
+The real power of CDP crawling shines with `arun_many()`. The browser manager automatically handles:
+
+- **Page Isolation**: Each crawl gets its own tab
+- **Context Sharing**: All tabs share cookies and localStorage
+- **Concurrent Safety**: Proper locking prevents race conditions
+- **Auto Cleanup**: Tabs are closed after crawling (except sessions)
+
+### 3.1 Basic Concurrent Crawling
+
+```python
+import asyncio
+from crawl4ai import AsyncWebCrawler, BrowserConfig, CrawlerRunConfig, CacheMode
+
+async def crawl_multiple_urls():
+    # URLs to crawl
+    urls = [
+        "https://example.com",
+        "https://httpbin.org/html",
+        "https://www.python.org",
+    ]
+    
+    # Configure CDP browser
+    browser_cfg = BrowserConfig(
+        browser_type="chromium",
+        cdp_url="http://localhost:9222",
+        verbose=False
+    )
+    
+    # Configure crawler (bypass cache for fresh data)
+    crawler_cfg = CrawlerRunConfig(
+        cache_mode=CacheMode.BYPASS
+    )
+    
+    # Crawl all URLs concurrently
+    async with AsyncWebCrawler(config=browser_cfg) as crawler:
+        results = await crawler.arun_many(
+            urls=urls,
+            config=crawler_cfg
+        )
+        
+        # Process results
+        for result in results:
+            print(f"\nURL: {result.url}")
+            if result.success:
+                print(f"✓ Success | Content length: {len(result.markdown)}")
+            else:
+                print(f"✗ Failed: {result.error_message}")
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    asyncio.run(crawl_multiple_urls())
+```
+
+### 3.2 With Session Management
+
+Use sessions to maintain authentication and state across individual crawls:
+
+```python
+async def crawl_with_sessions():
+    browser_cfg = BrowserConfig(
+        browser_type="chromium",
+        cdp_url="http://localhost:9222"
+    )
+    
+    async with AsyncWebCrawler(config=browser_cfg) as crawler:
+        # First crawl: Login page
+        login_result = await crawler.arun(
+            url="https://example.com/login",
+            config=CrawlerRunConfig(
+                session_id="my-session",  # Session persists
+                js_code="document.querySelector('#login').click();"
+            )
+        )
+        
+        # Second crawl: Reuse authenticated session
+        dashboard_result = await crawler.arun(
+            url="https://example.com/dashboard",
+            config=CrawlerRunConfig(
+                session_id="my-session"  # Same session, cookies preserved
+            )
+        )
+```
+
+---
+
+## 4. How It Works
+
+### 4.1 Browser Context Reuse
+
+When using CDP browsers, Crawl4AI:
+
+1. **Connects** to the existing browser via CDP URL
+2. **Reuses** the default browser context (single window)
+3. **Creates** new pages (tabs) for each crawl
+4. **Locks** page creation to prevent concurrent races
+5. **Cleans up** pages after crawling (unless it's a session)
+
+```python
+# Internal behavior (simplified)
+if self.config.use_managed_browser:
+    context = self.default_context  # Shared context
+    
+    # Thread-safe page creation
+    async with self._page_lock:
+        page = await context.new_page()  # New tab per crawl
+    
+    # After crawl completes
+    if not config.session_id:
+        await page.close()  # Auto cleanup
+```
+
+### 4.2 Page Lifecycle
+
+```mermaid
+graph TD
+    A[Start Crawl] --> B{Has session_id?}
+    B -->|Yes| C[Reuse existing page]
+    B -->|No| D[Create new page/tab]
+    D --> E[Navigate & Extract]
+    C --> E
+    E --> F{Is session?}
+    F -->|Yes| G[Keep page open]
+    F -->|No| H[Close page]
+    H --> I[End]
+    G --> I
+```
+
+### 4.3 State Sharing
+
+All pages in the same context share:
+
+- 🍪 **Cookies**: Authentication tokens, preferences
+- 💾 **localStorage**: Client-side data storage
+- 🔐 **sessionStorage**: Per-tab session data
+- 🌐 **Network cache**: Shared HTTP cache
+
+This makes it perfect for crawling authenticated sites or maintaining state across multiple pages.
+
+---
+
+## 5. Configuration Options
+
+### 5.1 BrowserConfig for CDP
+
+```python
+browser_cfg = BrowserConfig(
+    browser_type="chromium",           # Must be "chromium" for CDP
+    cdp_url="http://localhost:9222",   # CDP endpoint URL
+    verbose=True,                      # Log browser operations
+    
+    # Optional: Override headers for all requests
+    headers={
+        "Accept-Language": "en-US,en;q=0.9",
+    },
+    
+    # Optional: Set user agent
+    user_agent="Mozilla/5.0 ...",
+    
+    # Optional: Enable stealth mode (requires dedicated browser)
+    # enable_stealth=False,  # Not compatible with CDP
+)
+```
+
+### 5.2 CrawlerRunConfig Options
+
+```python
+crawler_cfg = CrawlerRunConfig(
+    # Session management
+    session_id="my-session",           # Persist page across calls
+    
+    # Caching
+    cache_mode=CacheMode.BYPASS,       # Fresh data every time
+    
+    # Browser location (affects timezone, locale)
+    locale="en-US",
+    timezone_id="America/New_York",
+    geolocation={
+        "latitude": 40.7128,
+        "longitude": -74.0060
+    },
+    
+    # Proxy (per-crawl override)
+    proxy_config={
+        "server": "http://proxy.example.com:8080",
+        "username": "user",
+        "password": "pass"
+    }
+)
+```
+
+---
+
+## 6. Advanced Patterns
+
+### 6.1 Streaming Results
+
+Process URLs as they complete instead of waiting for all:
+
+```python
+async def stream_crawl_results():
+    browser_cfg = BrowserConfig(
+        browser_type="chromium",
+        cdp_url="http://localhost:9222"
+    )
+    
+    urls = ["https://example.com" for _ in range(100)]
+    
+    async with AsyncWebCrawler(config=browser_cfg) as crawler:
+        # Stream results as they complete
+        async for result in crawler.arun_many(
+            urls=urls,
+            config=CrawlerRunConfig(stream=True)
+        ):
+            if result.success:
+                print(f"✓ {result.url}: {len(result.markdown)} chars")
+                # Process immediately instead of waiting for all
+                await save_to_database(result)
+```
+
+### 6.2 Custom Concurrency Control
+
+```python
+from crawl4ai import CrawlerRunConfig
+
+# Limit concurrent crawls to 3
+crawler_cfg = CrawlerRunConfig(
+    semaphore_count=3,      # Max 3 concurrent requests
+    mean_delay=0.5,         # Average 0.5s delay between requests
+    max_range=1.0,          # +/- 1s random delay
+)
+
+async with AsyncWebCrawler(config=browser_cfg) as crawler:
+    results = await crawler.arun_many(urls, config=crawler_cfg)
+```
+
+### 6.3 Multi-Config Crawling
+
+Different configurations for different URL groups:
+
+```python
+from crawl4ai import CrawlerRunConfig
+
+# Fast crawl for static pages
+fast_config = CrawlerRunConfig(
+    wait_until="domcontentloaded",
+    page_timeout=30000
+)
+
+# Slow crawl for dynamic pages
+slow_config = CrawlerRunConfig(
+    wait_until="networkidle",
+    page_timeout=60000,
+    js_code="window.scrollTo(0, document.body.scrollHeight);"
+)
+
+configs = [fast_config, slow_config, fast_config]
+urls = ["https://static.com", "https://dynamic.com", "https://static2.com"]
+
+async with AsyncWebCrawler(config=browser_cfg) as crawler:
+    results = await crawler.arun_many(urls, configs=configs)
+```
+
+---
+
+## 7. Best Practices
+
+### 7.1 Resource Management
+
+✅ **DO:**
+```python
+# Use context manager for automatic cleanup
+async with AsyncWebCrawler(config=browser_cfg) as crawler:
+    results = await crawler.arun_many(urls)
+# Browser connection closed automatically
+```
+
+❌ **DON'T:**
+```python
+# Manual management risks resource leaks
+crawler = AsyncWebCrawler(config=browser_cfg)
+await crawler.start()
+results = await crawler.arun_many(urls)
+# Forgot to call crawler.close()!
+```
+
+### 7.2 Session Management
+
+✅ **DO:**
+```python
+# Use sessions for related crawls
+config = CrawlerRunConfig(session_id="user-flow")
+await crawler.arun(login_url, config=config)
+await crawler.arun(dashboard_url, config=config)
+await crawler.kill_session("user-flow")  # Clean up when done
+```
+
+❌ **DON'T:**
+```python
+# Creating new session IDs unnecessarily
+for i in range(100):
+    config = CrawlerRunConfig(session_id=f"session-{i}")
+    await crawler.arun(url, config=config)
+# 100 unclosed sessions accumulate!
+```
+
+### 7.3 Error Handling
+
+```python
+async def robust_crawl(urls):
+    browser_cfg = BrowserConfig(
+        browser_type="chromium",
+        cdp_url="http://localhost:9222"
+    )
+    
+    try:
+        async with AsyncWebCrawler(config=browser_cfg) as crawler:
+            results = await crawler.arun_many(urls)
+            
+            # Separate successes and failures
+            successes = [r for r in results if r.success]
+            failures = [r for r in results if not r.success]
+            
+            print(f"✓ {len(successes)} succeeded")
+            print(f"✗ {len(failures)} failed")
+            
+            # Retry failures with different config
+            if failures:
+                retry_urls = [r.url for r in failures]
+                retry_config = CrawlerRunConfig(
+                    page_timeout=120000,  # Longer timeout
+                    wait_until="networkidle"
+                )
+                retry_results = await crawler.arun_many(
+                    retry_urls, 
+                    config=retry_config
+                )
+                
+            return successes + retry_results
+            
+    except Exception as e:
+        print(f"Fatal error: {e}")
+        return []
+```
+
+---
+
+## 8. Troubleshooting
+
+### 8.1 Connection Issues
+
+**Problem**: `Cannot connect to CDP browser`
+
+```python
+# Check CDP browser is running
+$ lsof -i :9222
+# Should show: Chromium  PID USER   FD   TYPE  ...
+
+# Or start it if not running
+$ crwl cdp
+```
+
+**Problem**: `ERR_ABORTED` errors in concurrent crawls
+
+✅ **Fixed in v0.7.6**: This issue has been resolved. Pages are now properly isolated with locking.
+
+### 8.2 Performance Issues
+
+**Problem**: Too many open tabs
+
+```python
+# Ensure you're not using session_id for everything
+config = CrawlerRunConfig()  # No session_id
+await crawler.arun_many(urls, config=config)
+# Pages auto-close after crawling
+```
+
+**Problem**: Memory leaks
+
+```python
+# Always use context manager
+async with AsyncWebCrawler(config=browser_cfg) as crawler:
+    # Crawling code here
+    pass
+# Automatic cleanup on exit
+```
+
+### 8.3 State Issues
+
+**Problem**: Cookies not persisting
+
+```python
+# Use the same context (automatic with CDP)
+browser_cfg = BrowserConfig(cdp_url="http://localhost:9222")
+# All crawls share cookies automatically
+```
+
+**Problem**: Need isolated state
+
+```python
+# Use different CDP endpoints or non-CDP browsers
+browser_cfg_1 = BrowserConfig(cdp_url="http://localhost:9222")
+browser_cfg_2 = BrowserConfig(cdp_url="http://localhost:9223")
+# Completely isolated browsers
+```
+
+---
+
+## 9. Comparison: CDP vs Regular Browsers
+
+| Feature | CDP Browser | Regular Browser |
+|---------|-------------|-----------------|
+| **Window Management** | ✅ Single window, multiple tabs | ❌ New window per context |
+| **Startup Time** | ✅ Instant (already running) | ⏱️ ~2-3s per launch |
+| **State Sharing** | ✅ Shared cookies/localStorage | ⚠️ Isolated by default |
+| **Concurrent Safety** | ✅ Automatic locking | ✅ Separate processes |
+| **Memory Usage** | ✅ Lower (shared browser) | ⚠️ Higher (multiple processes) |
+| **Session Persistence** | ✅ Native support | ✅ Via session_id |
+| **Stealth Mode** | ❌ Not compatible | ✅ Full support |
+| **Best For** | Development, authenticated crawls | Production, isolated crawls |
+
+---
+
+## 10. Real-World Examples
+
+### 10.1 E-commerce Product Scraping
+
+```python
+async def scrape_products():
+    browser_cfg = BrowserConfig(
+        browser_type="chromium",
+        cdp_url="http://localhost:9222"
+    )
+    
+    # Get product URLs from category page
+    async with AsyncWebCrawler(config=browser_cfg) as crawler:
+        category_result = await crawler.arun(
+            url="https://shop.example.com/category",
+            config=CrawlerRunConfig(
+                css_selector=".product-link"
+            )
+        )
+        
+        # Extract product URLs
+        product_urls = extract_urls(category_result.links)
+        
+        # Crawl all products concurrently
+        product_results = await crawler.arun_many(
+            urls=product_urls,
+            config=CrawlerRunConfig(
+                css_selector=".product-details",
+                semaphore_count=5  # Polite crawling
+            )
+        )
+        
+        return [extract_product_data(r) for r in product_results]
+```
+
+### 10.2 News Article Monitoring
+
+```python
+import asyncio
+from datetime import datetime
+
+async def monitor_news_sites():
+    browser_cfg = BrowserConfig(
+        browser_type="chromium",
+        cdp_url="http://localhost:9222"
+    )
+    
+    news_sites = [
+        "https://news.site1.com",
+        "https://news.site2.com",
+        "https://news.site3.com"
+    ]
+    
+    async with AsyncWebCrawler(config=browser_cfg) as crawler:
+        while True:
+            print(f"\n[{datetime.now()}] Checking for updates...")
+            
+            results = await crawler.arun_many(
+                urls=news_sites,
+                config=CrawlerRunConfig(
+                    cache_mode=CacheMode.BYPASS,  # Always fresh
+                    css_selector=".article-headline"
+                )
+            )
+            
+            for result in results:
+                if result.success:
+                    headlines = extract_headlines(result)
+                    for headline in headlines:
+                        if is_new(headline):
+                            notify_user(headline)
+            
+            # Check every 5 minutes
+            await asyncio.sleep(300)
+```
+
+---
+
+## 11. Summary
+
+CDP browser crawling offers:
+
+- 🚀 **Performance**: Faster startup, lower resource usage
+- 🔄 **State Management**: Shared cookies and authentication
+- 🎯 **Concurrent Safety**: Automatic page isolation and cleanup
+- 💻 **Developer Friendly**: Visual debugging with DevTools
+
+**When to use CDP:**
+- Development and debugging
+- Authenticated crawling (login required)
+- Sequential crawls needing state
+- Resource-constrained environments
+
+**When to use regular browsers:**
+- Production deployments
+- Maximum isolation required  
+- Stealth mode needed
+- Distributed/cloud crawling
+
+For most use cases, **CDP browsers provide the best balance** of performance, convenience, and safety.

docs/md_v2/advanced/identity-based-crawling.md

@@ -82,6 +82,42 @@ If you installed Crawl4AI (which installs Playwright under the hood), you alread
 
 ---
 
+### Creating a Profile Using the Crawl4AI CLI (Easiest)
+
+If you prefer a guided, interactive setup, use the built-in CLI to create and manage persistent browser profiles.
+
+1.⠀Launch the profile manager:
+   ```bash
+   crwl profiles
+   ```
+
+2.⠀Choose "Create new profile" and enter a profile name. A Chromium window opens so you can log in to sites and configure settings. When finished, return to the terminal and press `q` to save the profile.
+
+3.⠀Profiles are saved under `~/.crawl4ai/profiles/<profile_name>` (for example: `/home/<you>/.crawl4ai/profiles/test_profile_1`) along with a `storage_state.json` for cookies and session data.
+
+4.⠀Optionally, choose "List profiles" in the CLI to view available profiles and their paths.
+
+5.⠀Use the saved path with `BrowserConfig.user_data_dir`:
+   ```python
+   from crawl4ai import AsyncWebCrawler, BrowserConfig
+
+   profile_path = "/home/<you>/.crawl4ai/profiles/test_profile_1"
+
+   browser_config = BrowserConfig(
+       headless=True,
+       use_managed_browser=True,
+       user_data_dir=profile_path,
+       browser_type="chromium",
+   )
+
+   async with AsyncWebCrawler(config=browser_config) as crawler:
+       result = await crawler.arun(url="https://example.com/private")
+   ```
+
+The CLI also supports listing and deleting profiles, and even testing a crawl directly from the menu.
+
+---
+
 ## 3. Using Managed Browsers in Crawl4AI
 
 Once you have a data directory with your session data, pass it to **`BrowserConfig`**:

docs/md_v2/apps/c4a-script/README.md

@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ A comprehensive web-based tutorial for learning and experimenting with C4A-Scrip
 
 2. **Install Dependencies**
    ```bash
-   pip install flask
+   pip install -r requirements.txt
    ```
 
 3. **Launch the Server**
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ A comprehensive web-based tutorial for learning and experimenting with C4A-Scrip
 
 4. **Open in Browser**
    ```
-   http://localhost:8080
+   http://localhost:8000
    ```
 
 **🌐 Try Online**: [Live Demo](https://docs.crawl4ai.com/c4a-script/demo)
@@ -325,7 +325,7 @@ Powers the recording functionality:
 ### Configuration
 ```python
 # server.py configuration
-PORT = 8080
+PORT = 8000
 DEBUG = True
 THREADED = True
 ```
@@ -343,9 +343,9 @@ THREADED = True
 **Port Already in Use**
 ```bash
 # Kill existing process
-lsof -ti:8080 | xargs kill -9
+lsof -ti:8000 | xargs kill -9
 # Or use different port
-python server.py --port 8081
+python server.py --port 8001
 ```
 
 **Blockly Not Loading**

docs/md_v2/apps/c4a-script/server.py

@@ -216,7 +216,7 @@ def get_examples():
             'name': 'Handle Cookie Banner',
             'description': 'Accept cookies and close newsletter popup',
             'script': '''# Handle cookie banner and newsletter
-GO http://127.0.0.1:8080/playground/
+GO http://127.0.0.1:8000/playground/
 WAIT `body` 2
 IF (EXISTS `.cookie-banner`) THEN CLICK `.accept`
 IF (EXISTS `.newsletter-popup`) THEN CLICK `.close`'''
@@ -283,7 +283,7 @@ WAIT `.success-message` 5'''
     return jsonify(examples)
 
 if __name__ == '__main__':
-    port = int(os.environ.get('PORT', 8080))
+    port = int(os.environ.get('PORT', 8000))
     print(f"""
 ╔══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════╗
 ║          C4A-Script Interactive Tutorial Server          ║

docs/md_v2/core/c4a-script.md

@@ -69,12 +69,12 @@ The tutorial includes a Flask-based web interface with:
 cd docs/examples/c4a_script/tutorial/
 
 # Install dependencies
-pip install flask
+pip install -r requirements.txt
 
 # Launch the tutorial server
-python app.py
+python server.py
 
-# Open http://localhost:5000 in your browser
+# Open http://localhost:8000 in your browser
 ```
 
 ## Core Concepts
@@ -111,8 +111,8 @@ CLICK `.submit-btn`
 # By attribute
 CLICK `button[type="submit"]`
 
-# By text content
-CLICK `button:contains("Sign In")`
+# By accessible attributes
+CLICK `button[aria-label="Search"][title="Search"]`
 
 # Complex selectors
 CLICK `.form-container input[name="email"]`

docs/md_v2/index.md

@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@
 
 Crawl4AI is the #1 trending GitHub repository, actively maintained by a vibrant community. It delivers blazing-fast, AI-ready web crawling tailored for large language models, AI agents, and data pipelines. Fully open source, flexible, and built for real-time performance, **Crawl4AI** empowers developers with unmatched speed, precision, and deployment ease.
 
-> **Note**: If you're looking for the old documentation, you can access it [here](https://old.docs.crawl4ai.com).
+> Enjoy using Crawl4AI? Consider **[becoming a sponsor](https://github.com/sponsors/unclecode)** to support ongoing development and community growth!
 
 ## 🆕 AI Assistant Skill Now Available!
 

tests/general/test_async_crawler_strategy.py

@@ -364,5 +364,19 @@ async def test_network_error_handling():
         async with AsyncPlaywrightCrawlerStrategy() as strategy:
             await strategy.crawl("https://invalid.example.com", config)
 
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_remove_overlay_elements(crawler_strategy):
+    config = CrawlerRunConfig(
+        remove_overlay_elements=True,
+        delay_before_return_html=5,
+    )
+    
+    response = await crawler_strategy.crawl(
+        "https://www2.hm.com/en_us/index.html",
+        config
+    )
+    assert response.status_code == 200
+    assert "Accept all cookies" not in response.html
+
 if __name__ == "__main__":
     pytest.main([__file__, "-v"])

tests/test_arun_many_cdp.py

@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+"""
+Test for arun_many with managed CDP browser to ensure each crawl gets its own tab.
+"""
+import pytest
+import asyncio
+from crawl4ai import AsyncWebCrawler, BrowserConfig, CrawlerRunConfig, CacheMode
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_arun_many_with_cdp():
+    """Test arun_many opens a new tab for each url with managed CDP browser."""
+    # NOTE: Requires a running CDP browser at localhost:9222
+    # Can be started with: crwl cdp -d 9222
+    browser_cfg = BrowserConfig(
+        browser_type="cdp",
+        cdp_url="http://localhost:9222",
+        verbose=False,
+    )
+    urls = [
+        "https://example.com",
+        "https://httpbin.org/html",
+        "https://www.python.org",
+    ]
+    crawler_cfg = CrawlerRunConfig(
+        cache_mode=CacheMode.BYPASS,
+    )
+    async with AsyncWebCrawler(config=browser_cfg) as crawler:
+        results = await crawler.arun_many(urls=urls, config=crawler_cfg)
+        # All results should be successful and distinct
+        assert len(results) == 3
+        for result in results:
+            assert result.success, f"Crawl failed: {result.url} - {result.error_message}"
+            assert result.markdown is not None
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_arun_many_with_cdp_sequential():
+    """Test arun_many sequentially to isolate issues."""
+    browser_cfg = BrowserConfig(
+        browser_type="cdp",
+        cdp_url="http://localhost:9222",
+        verbose=True,
+    )
+    urls = [
+        "https://example.com",
+        "https://httpbin.org/html", 
+        "https://www.python.org",
+    ]
+    crawler_cfg = CrawlerRunConfig(
+        cache_mode=CacheMode.BYPASS,
+    )
+    async with AsyncWebCrawler(config=browser_cfg) as crawler:
+        results = []
+        for url in urls:
+            result = await crawler.arun(url=url, config=crawler_cfg)
+            results.append(result)
+            assert result.success, f"Crawl failed: {result.url} - {result.error_message}"
+            assert result.markdown is not None
+        assert len(results) == 3
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    asyncio.run(test_arun_many_with_cdp())

tests/test_cdp_concurrency_compact.py

@@ -1,283 +0,0 @@
-"""
-Compact test suite for CDP concurrency fix.
-
-This file consolidates all tests related to the CDP concurrency fix for
-AsyncWebCrawler.arun_many() with managed browsers.
-
-The bug was that all concurrent tasks were fighting over one shared tab,
-causing failures. This has been fixed by modifying the get_page() method
-in browser_manager.py to always create new pages instead of reusing pages[0].
-"""
-
-import asyncio
-import shutil
-import sys
-import tempfile
-from pathlib import Path
-
-# Add parent directory to path for imports
-sys.path.insert(0, str(Path(__file__).parent.parent))
-
-from crawl4ai import AsyncWebCrawler, CacheMode, CrawlerRunConfig
-from crawl4ai.async_configs import BrowserConfig
-
-# =============================================================================
-# TEST 1: Basic arun_many functionality
-# =============================================================================
-
-
-async def test_basic_arun_many():
-    """Test that arun_many works correctly with basic configuration."""
-    print("=== TEST 1: Basic arun_many functionality ===")
-
-    # Configuration to bypass cache for testing
-    config = CrawlerRunConfig(cache_mode=CacheMode.BYPASS)
-
-    # Test URLs - using reliable test URLs
-    test_urls = [
-        "https://httpbin.org/html",  # Simple HTML page
-        "https://httpbin.org/json",  # Simple JSON response
-    ]
-
-    async with AsyncWebCrawler() as crawler:
-        print(f"Testing concurrent crawling of {len(test_urls)} URLs...")
-
-        # This should work correctly
-        result = await crawler.arun_many(urls=test_urls, config=config)
-
-        # Simple verification - if we get here without exception, the basic functionality works
-        print(f"✓ arun_many completed successfully")
-        return True
-
-
-# =============================================================================
-# TEST 2: CDP Browser with Managed Configuration
-# =============================================================================
-
-
-async def test_arun_many_with_managed_cdp_browser():
-    """Test that arun_many works correctly with managed CDP browsers."""
-    print("\n=== TEST 2: arun_many with managed CDP browser ===")
-
-    # Create a temporary user data directory for the CDP browser
-    user_data_dir = tempfile.mkdtemp(prefix="crawl4ai-cdp-test-")
-
-    try:
-        # Configure browser to use managed CDP mode
-        browser_config = BrowserConfig(
-            use_managed_browser=True,
-            browser_type="chromium",
-            headless=True,
-            user_data_dir=user_data_dir,
-            verbose=True,
-        )
-
-        # Configuration to bypass cache for testing
-        crawler_config = CrawlerRunConfig(
-            cache_mode=CacheMode.BYPASS,
-            page_timeout=60000,
-            wait_until="domcontentloaded",
-        )
-
-        # Test URLs - using reliable test URLs
-        test_urls = [
-            "https://httpbin.org/html",  # Simple HTML page
-            "https://httpbin.org/json",  # Simple JSON response
-        ]
-
-        # Create crawler with CDP browser configuration
-        async with AsyncWebCrawler(config=browser_config) as crawler:
-            print(f"Testing concurrent crawling of {len(test_urls)} URLs...")
-
-            # This should work correctly with our fix
-            result = await crawler.arun_many(urls=test_urls, config=crawler_config)
-
-            print(f"✓ arun_many completed successfully with managed CDP browser")
-            return True
-
-    except Exception as e:
-        print(f"❌ Test failed with error: {str(e)}")
-        raise
-    finally:
-        # Clean up temporary directory
-        try:
-            shutil.rmtree(user_data_dir, ignore_errors=True)
-        except:
-            pass
-
-
-# =============================================================================
-# TEST 3: Concurrency Verification
-# =============================================================================
-
-
-async def test_concurrent_crawling():
-    """Test concurrent crawling to verify the fix works."""
-    print("\n=== TEST 3: Concurrent crawling verification ===")
-
-    # Configuration to bypass cache for testing
-    config = CrawlerRunConfig(cache_mode=CacheMode.BYPASS)
-
-    # Test URLs - using reliable test URLs
-    test_urls = [
-        "https://httpbin.org/html",  # Simple HTML page
-        "https://httpbin.org/json",  # Simple JSON response
-        "https://httpbin.org/uuid",  # Simple UUID response
-        "https://example.com/",  # Standard example page
-    ]
-
-    async with AsyncWebCrawler() as crawler:
-        print(f"Testing concurrent crawling of {len(test_urls)} URLs...")
-
-        # This should work correctly with our fix
-        results = await crawler.arun_many(urls=test_urls, config=config)
-
-        # Simple verification - if we get here without exception, the fix works
-        print("✓ arun_many completed successfully with concurrent crawling")
-        return True
-
-
-# =============================================================================
-# TEST 4: Concurrency Fix Demonstration
-# =============================================================================
-
-
-async def test_concurrency_fix():
-    """Demonstrate that the concurrency fix works."""
-    print("\n=== TEST 4: Concurrency fix demonstration ===")
-
-    # Configuration to bypass cache for testing
-    config = CrawlerRunConfig(cache_mode=CacheMode.BYPASS)
-
-    # Test URLs - using reliable test URLs
-    test_urls = [
-        "https://httpbin.org/html",  # Simple HTML page
-        "https://httpbin.org/json",  # Simple JSON response
-        "https://httpbin.org/uuid",  # Simple UUID response
-    ]
-
-    async with AsyncWebCrawler() as crawler:
-        print(f"Testing concurrent crawling of {len(test_urls)} URLs...")
-
-        # This should work correctly with our fix
-        results = await crawler.arun_many(urls=test_urls, config=config)
-
-        # Simple verification - if we get here without exception, the fix works
-        print("✓ arun_many completed successfully with concurrent crawling")
-        return True
-
-
-# =============================================================================
-# TEST 5: Before/After Behavior Comparison
-# =============================================================================
-
-
-async def test_before_after_behavior():
-    """Test that demonstrates concurrent crawling works correctly after the fix."""
-    print("\n=== TEST 5: Before/After behavior test ===")
-
-    # Configuration to bypass cache for testing
-    config = CrawlerRunConfig(cache_mode=CacheMode.BYPASS)
-
-    # Test URLs - using reliable test URLs that would stress the concurrency system
-    test_urls = [
-        "https://httpbin.org/delay/1",  # Delayed response to increase chance of contention
-        "https://httpbin.org/delay/2",  # Delayed response to increase chance of contention
-        "https://httpbin.org/uuid",  # Fast response
-        "https://httpbin.org/json",  # Fast response
-    ]
-
-    async with AsyncWebCrawler() as crawler:
-        print(
-            f"Testing concurrent crawling of {len(test_urls)} URLs (including delayed responses)..."
-        )
-        print(
-            "This test would have failed before the concurrency fix due to page contention."
-        )
-
-        # This should work correctly with our fix
-        results = await crawler.arun_many(urls=test_urls, config=config)
-
-        # Simple verification - if we get here without exception, the fix works
-        print("✓ arun_many completed successfully with concurrent crawling")
-        print("✓ No page contention issues detected")
-        return True
-
-
-# =============================================================================
-# TEST 6: Reference Pattern Test
-# =============================================================================
-
-
-async def test_reference_pattern():
-    """Main test function following reference pattern."""
-    print("\n=== TEST 6: Reference pattern test ===")
-
-    # Configure crawler settings
-    crawler_cfg = CrawlerRunConfig(
-        cache_mode=CacheMode.BYPASS,
-        page_timeout=60000,
-        wait_until="domcontentloaded",
-    )
-
-    # Define URLs to crawl
-    URLS = [
-        "https://httpbin.org/html",
-        "https://httpbin.org/json",
-        "https://httpbin.org/uuid",
-    ]
-
-    # Crawl all URLs using arun_many
-    async with AsyncWebCrawler() as crawler:
-        print(f"Testing concurrent crawling of {len(URLS)} URLs...")
-        results = await crawler.arun_many(urls=URLS, config=crawler_cfg)
-
-        # Simple verification - if we get here without exception, the fix works
-        print("✓ arun_many completed successfully with concurrent crawling")
-        print("✅ Reference pattern test completed successfully!")
-
-
-# =============================================================================
-# MAIN EXECUTION
-# =============================================================================
-
-
-async def main():
-    """Run all tests."""
-    print("Running compact CDP concurrency test suite...")
-    print("=" * 60)
-
-    tests = [
-        test_basic_arun_many,
-        test_arun_many_with_managed_cdp_browser,
-        test_concurrent_crawling,
-        test_concurrency_fix,
-        test_before_after_behavior,
-        test_reference_pattern,
-    ]
-
-    passed = 0
-    failed = 0
-
-    for test_func in tests:
-        try:
-            await test_func()
-            passed += 1
-        except Exception as e:
-            print(f"❌ Test failed: {str(e)}")
-            failed += 1
-
-    print("\n" + "=" * 60)
-    print(f"Test Results: {passed} passed, {failed} failed")
-
-    if failed == 0:
-        print("🎉 All tests passed! The CDP concurrency fix is working correctly.")
-        return True
-    else:
-        print(f"❌ {failed} test(s) failed!")
-        return False
-
-
-if __name__ == "__main__":
-    success = asyncio.run(main())
-    sys.exit(0 if success else 1)