Refactor remaining skills for progressive disclosure
Phase 2 refactoring of skills >500 lines and medium-sized skills: - paid-ads: 553 → 297 lines - Extract ad-copy-templates.md, audience-targeting.md, platform-setup-checklists.md - analytics-tracking: 541 → 292 lines - Extract ga4-implementation.md, gtm-implementation.md, event-library.md - ab-test-setup: 510 → 264 lines - Extract test-templates.md, sample-size-guide.md - copywriting: 458 → 248 lines - Extract copy-frameworks.md (headline formulas, section types) - page-cro: 336 → 180 lines - Extract experiments.md (experiment ideas by page type) - onboarding-cro: 435 → 218 lines - Extract experiments.md (onboarding experiment ideas) All skills now use progressive disclosure with references/ folders, keeping SKILL.md files focused on core workflow while detailed content is available when needed. Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
This commit is contained in:
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skills/ab-test-setup/references/sample-size-guide.md
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skills/ab-test-setup/references/sample-size-guide.md
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# Sample Size Guide
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Reference for calculating sample sizes and test duration.
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## Sample Size Fundamentals
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### Required Inputs
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1. **Baseline conversion rate**: Your current rate
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2. **Minimum detectable effect (MDE)**: Smallest change worth detecting
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3. **Statistical significance level**: Usually 95% (α = 0.05)
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4. **Statistical power**: Usually 80% (β = 0.20)
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### What These Mean
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**Baseline conversion rate**: If your page converts at 5%, that's your baseline.
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**MDE (Minimum Detectable Effect)**: The smallest improvement you care about detecting. Set this based on:
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- Business impact (is a 5% lift meaningful?)
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- Implementation cost (worth the effort?)
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- Realistic expectations (what have past tests shown?)
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**Statistical significance (95%)**: Means there's less than 5% chance the observed difference is due to random chance.
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**Statistical power (80%)**: Means if there's a real effect of size MDE, you have 80% chance of detecting it.
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---
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## Sample Size Quick Reference Tables
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### Conversion Rate: 1%
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| Lift to Detect | Sample per Variant | Total Sample |
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|----------------|-------------------|--------------|
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| 5% (1% → 1.05%) | 1,500,000 | 3,000,000 |
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| 10% (1% → 1.1%) | 380,000 | 760,000 |
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| 20% (1% → 1.2%) | 97,000 | 194,000 |
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| 50% (1% → 1.5%) | 16,000 | 32,000 |
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| 100% (1% → 2%) | 4,200 | 8,400 |
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### Conversion Rate: 3%
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| Lift to Detect | Sample per Variant | Total Sample |
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|----------------|-------------------|--------------|
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| 5% (3% → 3.15%) | 480,000 | 960,000 |
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| 10% (3% → 3.3%) | 120,000 | 240,000 |
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| 20% (3% → 3.6%) | 31,000 | 62,000 |
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| 50% (3% → 4.5%) | 5,200 | 10,400 |
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| 100% (3% → 6%) | 1,400 | 2,800 |
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### Conversion Rate: 5%
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| Lift to Detect | Sample per Variant | Total Sample |
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|----------------|-------------------|--------------|
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| 5% (5% → 5.25%) | 280,000 | 560,000 |
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| 10% (5% → 5.5%) | 72,000 | 144,000 |
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| 20% (5% → 6%) | 18,000 | 36,000 |
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| 50% (5% → 7.5%) | 3,100 | 6,200 |
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| 100% (5% → 10%) | 810 | 1,620 |
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### Conversion Rate: 10%
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| Lift to Detect | Sample per Variant | Total Sample |
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|----------------|-------------------|--------------|
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| 5% (10% → 10.5%) | 130,000 | 260,000 |
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| 10% (10% → 11%) | 34,000 | 68,000 |
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| 20% (10% → 12%) | 8,700 | 17,400 |
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| 50% (10% → 15%) | 1,500 | 3,000 |
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| 100% (10% → 20%) | 400 | 800 |
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### Conversion Rate: 20%
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| Lift to Detect | Sample per Variant | Total Sample |
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|----------------|-------------------|--------------|
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| 5% (20% → 21%) | 60,000 | 120,000 |
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| 10% (20% → 22%) | 16,000 | 32,000 |
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| 20% (20% → 24%) | 4,000 | 8,000 |
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| 50% (20% → 30%) | 700 | 1,400 |
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| 100% (20% → 40%) | 200 | 400 |
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---
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## Duration Calculator
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### Formula
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```
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Duration (days) = (Sample per variant × Number of variants) / (Daily traffic × % exposed)
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```
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### Examples
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**Scenario 1: High-traffic page**
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- Need: 10,000 per variant (2 variants = 20,000 total)
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- Daily traffic: 5,000 visitors
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- 100% exposed to test
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- Duration: 20,000 / 5,000 = **4 days**
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**Scenario 2: Medium-traffic page**
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- Need: 30,000 per variant (60,000 total)
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- Daily traffic: 2,000 visitors
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- 100% exposed
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- Duration: 60,000 / 2,000 = **30 days**
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**Scenario 3: Low-traffic with partial exposure**
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- Need: 15,000 per variant (30,000 total)
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- Daily traffic: 500 visitors
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- 50% exposed to test
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- Effective daily: 250
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- Duration: 30,000 / 250 = **120 days** (too long!)
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### Minimum Duration Rules
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Even with sufficient sample size, run tests for at least:
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- **1 full week**: To capture day-of-week variation
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- **2 business cycles**: If B2B (weekday vs. weekend patterns)
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- **Through paydays**: If e-commerce (beginning/end of month)
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### Maximum Duration Guidelines
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Avoid running tests longer than 4-8 weeks:
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- Novelty effects wear off
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- External factors intervene
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- Opportunity cost of other tests
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---
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## Online Calculators
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### Recommended Tools
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**Evan Miller's Calculator**
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https://www.evanmiller.org/ab-testing/sample-size.html
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- Simple interface
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- Bookmark-worthy
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**Optimizely's Calculator**
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https://www.optimizely.com/sample-size-calculator/
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- Business-friendly language
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- Duration estimates
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**AB Test Guide Calculator**
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https://www.abtestguide.com/calc/
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- Includes Bayesian option
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- Multiple test types
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**VWO Duration Calculator**
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https://vwo.com/tools/ab-test-duration-calculator/
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- Duration-focused
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- Good for planning
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---
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## Adjusting for Multiple Variants
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With more than 2 variants (A/B/n tests), you need more sample:
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| Variants | Multiplier |
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|----------|------------|
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| 2 (A/B) | 1x |
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| 3 (A/B/C) | ~1.5x |
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| 4 (A/B/C/D) | ~2x |
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| 5+ | Consider reducing variants |
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**Why?** More comparisons increase chance of false positives. You're comparing:
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- A vs B
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- A vs C
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- B vs C (sometimes)
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Apply Bonferroni correction or use tools that handle this automatically.
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---
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## Common Sample Size Mistakes
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### 1. Underpowered tests
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**Problem**: Not enough sample to detect realistic effects
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**Fix**: Be realistic about MDE, get more traffic, or don't test
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### 2. Overpowered tests
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**Problem**: Waiting for sample size when you already have significance
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**Fix**: This is actually fine—you committed to sample size, honor it
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### 3. Wrong baseline rate
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**Problem**: Using wrong conversion rate for calculation
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**Fix**: Use the specific metric and page, not site-wide averages
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### 4. Ignoring segments
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**Problem**: Calculating for full traffic, then analyzing segments
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**Fix**: If you plan segment analysis, calculate sample for smallest segment
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### 5. Testing too many things
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**Problem**: Dividing traffic too many ways
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**Fix**: Prioritize ruthlessly, run fewer concurrent tests
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---
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## When Sample Size Requirements Are Too High
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Options when you can't get enough traffic:
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1. **Increase MDE**: Accept only detecting larger effects (20%+ lift)
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2. **Lower confidence**: Use 90% instead of 95% (risky, document it)
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3. **Reduce variants**: Test only the most promising variant
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4. **Combine traffic**: Test across multiple similar pages
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5. **Test upstream**: Test earlier in funnel where traffic is higher
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6. **Don't test**: Make decision based on qualitative data instead
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7. **Longer test**: Accept longer duration (weeks/months)
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---
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## Sequential Testing
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If you must check results before reaching sample size:
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### What is it?
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Statistical method that adjusts for multiple looks at data.
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### When to use
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- High-risk changes
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- Need to stop bad variants early
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- Time-sensitive decisions
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### Tools that support it
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- Optimizely (Stats Accelerator)
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- VWO (SmartStats)
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- PostHog (Bayesian approach)
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### Tradeoff
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- More flexibility to stop early
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- Slightly larger sample size requirement
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- More complex analysis
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---
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## Quick Decision Framework
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### Can I run this test?
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```
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Daily traffic to page: _____
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Baseline conversion rate: _____
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MDE I care about: _____
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Sample needed per variant: _____ (from tables above)
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Days to run: Sample / Daily traffic = _____
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If days > 60: Consider alternatives
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If days > 30: Acceptable for high-impact tests
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If days < 14: Likely feasible
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If days < 7: Easy to run, consider running longer anyway
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```
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268
skills/ab-test-setup/references/test-templates.md
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skills/ab-test-setup/references/test-templates.md
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# A/B Test Templates Reference
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Templates for planning, documenting, and analyzing experiments.
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## Test Plan Template
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```markdown
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# A/B Test: [Name]
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## Overview
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- **Owner**: [Name]
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- **Test ID**: [ID in testing tool]
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- **Page/Feature**: [What's being tested]
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- **Planned dates**: [Start] - [End]
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## Hypothesis
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Because [observation/data],
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we believe [change]
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will cause [expected outcome]
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for [audience].
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We'll know this is true when [metrics].
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## Test Design
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| Element | Details |
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|---------|---------|
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| Test type | A/B / A/B/n / MVT |
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| Duration | X weeks |
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| Sample size | X per variant |
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| Traffic allocation | 50/50 |
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| Tool | [Tool name] |
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| Implementation | Client-side / Server-side |
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## Variants
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### Control (A)
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[Screenshot]
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- Current experience
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- [Key details about current state]
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### Variant (B)
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[Screenshot or mockup]
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- [Specific change #1]
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- [Specific change #2]
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- Rationale: [Why we think this will win]
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## Metrics
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### Primary
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- **Metric**: [metric name]
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- **Definition**: [how it's calculated]
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- **Current baseline**: [X%]
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- **Minimum detectable effect**: [X%]
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### Secondary
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- [Metric 1]: [what it tells us]
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- [Metric 2]: [what it tells us]
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- [Metric 3]: [what it tells us]
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### Guardrails
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- [Metric that shouldn't get worse]
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- [Another safety metric]
|
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|
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## Segment Analysis Plan
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- Mobile vs. desktop
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- New vs. returning visitors
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- Traffic source
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- [Other relevant segments]
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## Success Criteria
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- Winner: [Primary metric improves by X% with 95% confidence]
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- Loser: [Primary metric decreases significantly]
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- Inconclusive: [What we'll do if no significant result]
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|
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## Pre-Launch Checklist
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- [ ] Hypothesis documented and reviewed
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- [ ] Primary metric defined and trackable
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- [ ] Sample size calculated
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- [ ] Test duration estimated
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- [ ] Variants implemented correctly
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- [ ] Tracking verified in all variants
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- [ ] QA completed on all variants
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- [ ] Stakeholders informed
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- [ ] Calendar hold for analysis date
|
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```
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|
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---
|
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|
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## Results Documentation Template
|
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|
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```markdown
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# A/B Test Results: [Name]
|
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|
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## Summary
|
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| Element | Value |
|
||||
|---------|-------|
|
||||
| Test ID | [ID] |
|
||||
| Dates | [Start] - [End] |
|
||||
| Duration | X days |
|
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| Result | Winner / Loser / Inconclusive |
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| Decision | [What we're doing] |
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|
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## Hypothesis (Reminder)
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[Copy from test plan]
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|
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## Results
|
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|
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### Sample Size
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| Variant | Target | Actual | % of target |
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|---------|--------|--------|-------------|
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| Control | X | Y | Z% |
|
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| Variant | X | Y | Z% |
|
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|
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### Primary Metric: [Metric Name]
|
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| Variant | Value | 95% CI | vs. Control |
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|---------|-------|--------|-------------|
|
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| Control | X% | [X%, Y%] | — |
|
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| Variant | X% | [X%, Y%] | +X% |
|
||||
|
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**Statistical significance**: p = X.XX (95% = sig / not sig)
|
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**Practical significance**: [Is this lift meaningful for the business?]
|
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|
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### Secondary Metrics
|
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|
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| Metric | Control | Variant | Change | Significant? |
|
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|--------|---------|---------|--------|--------------|
|
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| [Metric 1] | X | Y | +Z% | Yes/No |
|
||||
| [Metric 2] | X | Y | +Z% | Yes/No |
|
||||
|
||||
### Guardrail Metrics
|
||||
|
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| Metric | Control | Variant | Change | Concern? |
|
||||
|--------|---------|---------|--------|----------|
|
||||
| [Metric 1] | X | Y | +Z% | Yes/No |
|
||||
|
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### Segment Analysis
|
||||
|
||||
**Mobile vs. Desktop**
|
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| Segment | Control | Variant | Lift |
|
||||
|---------|---------|---------|------|
|
||||
| Mobile | X% | Y% | +Z% |
|
||||
| Desktop | X% | Y% | +Z% |
|
||||
|
||||
**New vs. Returning**
|
||||
| Segment | Control | Variant | Lift |
|
||||
|---------|---------|---------|------|
|
||||
| New | X% | Y% | +Z% |
|
||||
| Returning | X% | Y% | +Z% |
|
||||
|
||||
## Interpretation
|
||||
|
||||
### What happened?
|
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[Explanation of results in plain language]
|
||||
|
||||
### Why do we think this happened?
|
||||
[Analysis and reasoning]
|
||||
|
||||
### Caveats
|
||||
[Any limitations, external factors, or concerns]
|
||||
|
||||
## Decision
|
||||
|
||||
**Winner**: [Control / Variant]
|
||||
|
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**Action**: [Implement variant / Keep control / Re-test]
|
||||
|
||||
**Timeline**: [When changes will be implemented]
|
||||
|
||||
## Learnings
|
||||
|
||||
### What we learned
|
||||
- [Key insight 1]
|
||||
- [Key insight 2]
|
||||
|
||||
### What to test next
|
||||
- [Follow-up test idea 1]
|
||||
- [Follow-up test idea 2]
|
||||
|
||||
### Impact
|
||||
- **Projected lift**: [X% improvement in Y metric]
|
||||
- **Business impact**: [Revenue, conversions, etc.]
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
||||
## Test Repository Entry Template
|
||||
|
||||
For tracking all tests in a central location:
|
||||
|
||||
```markdown
|
||||
| Test ID | Name | Page | Dates | Primary Metric | Result | Lift | Link |
|
||||
|---------|------|------|-------|----------------|--------|------|------|
|
||||
| 001 | Hero headline test | Homepage | 1/1-1/15 | CTR | Winner | +12% | [Link] |
|
||||
| 002 | Pricing table layout | Pricing | 1/10-1/31 | Plan selection | Loser | -5% | [Link] |
|
||||
| 003 | Signup form fields | Signup | 2/1-2/14 | Completion | Inconclusive | +2% | [Link] |
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
||||
## Quick Test Brief Template
|
||||
|
||||
For simple tests that don't need full documentation:
|
||||
|
||||
```markdown
|
||||
## [Test Name]
|
||||
|
||||
**What**: [One sentence description]
|
||||
**Why**: [One sentence hypothesis]
|
||||
**Metric**: [Primary metric]
|
||||
**Duration**: [X weeks]
|
||||
**Result**: [TBD / Winner / Loser / Inconclusive]
|
||||
**Learnings**: [Key takeaway]
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
||||
## Stakeholder Update Template
|
||||
|
||||
```markdown
|
||||
## A/B Test Update: [Name]
|
||||
|
||||
**Status**: Running / Complete
|
||||
**Days remaining**: X (or complete)
|
||||
**Current sample**: X% of target
|
||||
|
||||
### Preliminary observations
|
||||
[What we're seeing - without making decisions yet]
|
||||
|
||||
### Next steps
|
||||
[What happens next]
|
||||
|
||||
### Timeline
|
||||
- [Date]: Analysis complete
|
||||
- [Date]: Decision and recommendation
|
||||
- [Date]: Implementation (if winner)
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
||||
## Experiment Prioritization Scorecard
|
||||
|
||||
For deciding which tests to run:
|
||||
|
||||
| Factor | Weight | Test A | Test B | Test C |
|
||||
|--------|--------|--------|--------|--------|
|
||||
| Potential impact | 30% | | | |
|
||||
| Confidence in hypothesis | 25% | | | |
|
||||
| Ease of implementation | 20% | | | |
|
||||
| Risk if wrong | 15% | | | |
|
||||
| Strategic alignment | 10% | | | |
|
||||
| **Total** | | | | |
|
||||
|
||||
Scoring: 1-5 (5 = best)
|
||||
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
||||
## Hypothesis Bank Template
|
||||
|
||||
For collecting test ideas:
|
||||
|
||||
```markdown
|
||||
| ID | Page/Area | Observation | Hypothesis | Potential Impact | Status |
|
||||
|----|-----------|-------------|------------|------------------|--------|
|
||||
| H1 | Homepage | Low scroll depth | Shorter hero will increase scroll | High | Testing |
|
||||
| H2 | Pricing | Users compare plans | Comparison table will help | Medium | Backlog |
|
||||
| H3 | Signup | Drop-off at email | Social login will increase completion | Medium | Backlog |
|
||||
```
|
||||
Reference in New Issue
Block a user