Update gitignore

Support for custom crawl base directory

.gitignore

@@ -196,4 +196,15 @@ docs/.DS_Store
 tmp/
 test_env/
 **/.DS_Store
-**/.DS_Store
+**/.DS_Store
+
+todo.md
+git_changes.py
+git_changes.md
+pypi_build.sh
+git_issues.py
+git_issues.md
+
+.tests/
+
+.issues/

CHANGELOG.md

@@ -1,5 +1,92 @@
 # Changelog
 
+## [v0.3.6] - 2024-10-12 
+
+### 1. Improved Crawling Control
+- **New Hook**: Added `before_retrieve_html` hook in `AsyncPlaywrightCrawlerStrategy`.
+- **Delayed HTML Retrieval**: Introduced `delay_before_return_html` parameter to allow waiting before retrieving HTML content.
+  - Useful for pages with delayed content loading.
+- **Flexible Timeout**: `smart_wait` function now uses `page_timeout` (default 60 seconds) instead of a fixed 30-second timeout.
+  - Provides better handling for slow-loading pages.
+- **How to use**: Set `page_timeout=your_desired_timeout` (in milliseconds) when calling `crawler.arun()`.
+
+### 2. Browser Type Selection
+- Added support for different browser types (Chromium, Firefox, WebKit).
+- Users can now specify the browser type when initializing AsyncWebCrawler.
+- **How to use**: Set `browser_type="firefox"` or `browser_type="webkit"` when initializing AsyncWebCrawler.
+
+### 3. Screenshot Capture
+- Added ability to capture screenshots during crawling.
+- Useful for debugging and content verification.
+- **How to use**: Set `screenshot=True` when calling `crawler.arun()`.
+
+### 4. Enhanced LLM Extraction Strategy
+- Added support for multiple LLM providers (OpenAI, Hugging Face, Ollama).
+- **Custom Arguments**: Added support for passing extra arguments to LLM providers via `extra_args` parameter.
+- **Custom Headers**: Users can now pass custom headers to the extraction strategy.
+- **How to use**: Specify the desired provider and custom arguments when using `LLMExtractionStrategy`.
+
+### 5. iframe Content Extraction
+- New feature to process and extract content from iframes.
+- **How to use**: Set `process_iframes=True` in the crawl method.
+
+### 6. Delayed Content Retrieval
+- Introduced `get_delayed_content` method in `AsyncCrawlResponse`.
+- Allows retrieval of content after a specified delay, useful for dynamically loaded content.
+- **How to use**: Access `result.get_delayed_content(delay_in_seconds)` after crawling.
+
+## Improvements and Optimizations
+
+### 1. AsyncWebCrawler Enhancements
+- **Flexible Initialization**: Now accepts arbitrary keyword arguments, passed directly to the crawler strategy.
+- Allows for more customized setups.
+
+### 2. Image Processing Optimization
+- Enhanced image handling in WebScrappingStrategy.
+- Added filtering for small, invisible, or irrelevant images.
+- Improved image scoring system for better content relevance.
+- Implemented JavaScript-based image dimension updating for more accurate representation.
+
+### 3. Database Schema Auto-updates
+- Automatic database schema updates ensure compatibility with the latest version.
+
+### 4. Enhanced Error Handling and Logging
+- Improved error messages and logging for easier debugging.
+
+### 5. Content Extraction Refinements
+- Refined HTML sanitization process.
+- Improved handling of base64 encoded images.
+- Enhanced Markdown conversion process.
+- Optimized content extraction algorithms.
+
+### 6. Utility Function Enhancements
+- `perform_completion_with_backoff` function now supports additional arguments for more customized API calls to LLM providers.
+
+## Bug Fixes
+- Fixed an issue where image tags were being prematurely removed during content extraction.
+
+## Examples and Documentation
+- Updated `quickstart_async.py` with examples of:
+  - Using custom headers in LLM extraction.
+  - Different LLM provider usage (OpenAI, Hugging Face, Ollama).
+  - Custom browser type usage.
+
+## Developer Notes
+- Refactored code for better maintainability, flexibility, and performance.
+- Enhanced type hinting throughout the codebase for improved development experience.
+- Expanded error handling for more robust operation.
+
+These updates significantly enhance the flexibility, accuracy, and robustness of crawl4ai, providing users with more control and options for their web crawling and content extraction tasks.
+
+## [v0.3.5] - 2024-09-02
+
+Enhance AsyncWebCrawler with smart waiting and screenshot capabilities
+
+- Implement smart_wait function in AsyncPlaywrightCrawlerStrategy
+- Add screenshot support to AsyncCrawlResponse and AsyncWebCrawler
+- Improve error handling and timeout management in crawling process
+- Fix typo in CrawlResult model (responser_headers -> response_headers)
+
 ## [v0.2.77] - 2024-08-04
 
 Significant improvements in text processing and performance:

README.md

@@ -10,6 +10,14 @@ Crawl4AI simplifies asynchronous web crawling and data extraction, making it acc
 
 > Looking for the synchronous version? Check out [README.sync.md](./README.sync.md). You can also access the previous version in the branch [V0.2.76](https://github.com/unclecode/crawl4ai/blob/v0.2.76).
 
+## New update 0.3.6
+- 🌐 Multi-browser support (Chromium, Firefox, WebKit)
+- 🖼️ Improved image processing with lazy-loading detection
+- 🔧 Custom page timeout parameter for better control over crawling behavior
+- 🕰️ Enhanced handling of delayed content loading
+- 🔑 Custom headers support for LLM interactions
+- 🖼️ iframe content extraction for comprehensive page analysis
+- ⏱️ Flexible timeout and delayed content retrieval options
 
 ## Try it Now!
 
@@ -124,7 +132,7 @@ async def main():
         result = await crawler.arun(
             url="https://www.nbcnews.com/business",
             js_code=js_code,
-            css_selector="article.tease-card",
+            css_selector=".wide-tease-item__description",
             bypass_cache=True
         )
         print(result.extracted_content)

crawl4ai/__init__.py

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 from .async_webcrawler import AsyncWebCrawler
 from .models import CrawlResult
 
-__version__ = "0.3.4"
+__version__ = "0.3.6"
 
 __all__ = [
     "AsyncWebCrawler",

crawl4ai/async_crawler_strategy.py

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 import asyncio
 import base64, time
 from abc import ABC, abstractmethod
-from typing import Callable, Dict, Any, List, Optional
+from typing import Callable, Dict, Any, List, Optional, Awaitable
 import os
 from playwright.async_api import async_playwright, Page, Browser, Error
 from io import BytesIO
@@ -12,10 +12,16 @@ import hashlib
 from pathlib import Path
 from playwright.async_api import ProxySettings
 from pydantic import BaseModel
+
 class AsyncCrawlResponse(BaseModel):
     html: str
     response_headers: Dict[str, str]
     status_code: int
+    screenshot: Optional[str] = None
+    get_delayed_content: Optional[Callable[[Optional[float]], Awaitable[str]]] = None
+
+    class Config:
+        arbitrary_types_allowed = True
 
 class AsyncCrawlerStrategy(ABC):
     @abstractmethod
@@ -44,7 +50,8 @@ class AsyncPlaywrightCrawlerStrategy(AsyncCrawlerStrategy):
         self.user_agent = kwargs.get("user_agent", "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/91.0.4472.124 Safari/537.36")
         self.proxy = kwargs.get("proxy")
         self.headless = kwargs.get("headless", True)
-        self.headers = {}
+        self.browser_type = kwargs.get("browser_type", "chromium")  # New parameter
+        self.headers = kwargs.get("headers", {})
         self.sessions = {}
         self.session_ttl = 1800 
         self.js_code = js_code
@@ -57,7 +64,8 @@ class AsyncPlaywrightCrawlerStrategy(AsyncCrawlerStrategy):
             'on_execution_started': None,
             'before_goto': None,
             'after_goto': None,
-            'before_return_html': None
+            'before_return_html': None,
+            'before_retrieve_html': None
         }
 
     async def __aenter__(self):
@@ -73,7 +81,6 @@ class AsyncPlaywrightCrawlerStrategy(AsyncCrawlerStrategy):
         if self.browser is None:
             browser_args = {
                 "headless": self.headless,
-                # "headless": False,
                 "args": [
                     "--disable-gpu",
                     "--disable-dev-shm-usage",
@@ -88,7 +95,14 @@ class AsyncPlaywrightCrawlerStrategy(AsyncCrawlerStrategy):
                 browser_args["proxy"] = proxy_settings
                 
                 
-            self.browser = await self.playwright.chromium.launch(**browser_args)
+            # Select the appropriate browser based on the browser_type
+            if self.browser_type == "firefox":
+                self.browser = await self.playwright.firefox.launch(**browser_args)
+            elif self.browser_type == "webkit":
+                self.browser = await self.playwright.webkit.launch(**browser_args)
+            else:
+                self.browser = await self.playwright.chromium.launch(**browser_args)
+
             await self.execute_hook('on_browser_created', self.browser)
 
     async def close(self):
@@ -138,7 +152,45 @@ class AsyncPlaywrightCrawlerStrategy(AsyncCrawlerStrategy):
         for sid in expired_sessions:
             asyncio.create_task(self.kill_session(sid))
             
-            
+    async def smart_wait(self, page: Page, wait_for: str, timeout: float = 30000):
+        wait_for = wait_for.strip()
+        
+        if wait_for.startswith('js:'):
+            # Explicitly specified JavaScript
+            js_code = wait_for[3:].strip()
+            return await self.csp_compliant_wait(page, js_code, timeout)
+        elif wait_for.startswith('css:'):
+            # Explicitly specified CSS selector
+            css_selector = wait_for[4:].strip()
+            try:
+                await page.wait_for_selector(css_selector, timeout=timeout)
+            except Error as e:
+                if 'Timeout' in str(e):
+                    raise TimeoutError(f"Timeout after {timeout}ms waiting for selector '{css_selector}'")
+                else:
+                    raise ValueError(f"Invalid CSS selector: '{css_selector}'")
+        else:
+            # Auto-detect based on content
+            if wait_for.startswith('()') or wait_for.startswith('function'):
+                # It's likely a JavaScript function
+                return await self.csp_compliant_wait(page, wait_for, timeout)
+            else:
+                # Assume it's a CSS selector first
+                try:
+                    await page.wait_for_selector(wait_for, timeout=timeout)
+                except Error as e:
+                    if 'Timeout' in str(e):
+                        raise TimeoutError(f"Timeout after {timeout}ms waiting for selector '{wait_for}'")
+                    else:
+                        # If it's not a timeout error, it might be an invalid selector
+                        # Let's try to evaluate it as a JavaScript function as a fallback
+                        try:
+                            return await self.csp_compliant_wait(page, f"() => {{{wait_for}}}", timeout)
+                        except Error:
+                            raise ValueError(f"Invalid wait_for parameter: '{wait_for}'. "
+                                            "It should be either a valid CSS selector, a JavaScript function, "
+                                            "or explicitly prefixed with 'js:' or 'css:'.")
+    
     async def csp_compliant_wait(self, page: Page, user_wait_function: str, timeout: float = 30000):
         wrapper_js = f"""
         async () => {{
@@ -163,6 +215,48 @@ class AsyncPlaywrightCrawlerStrategy(AsyncCrawlerStrategy):
         except Exception as e:
             raise RuntimeError(f"Error in wait condition: {str(e)}")
 
+    async def process_iframes(self, page):
+        # Find all iframes
+        iframes = await page.query_selector_all('iframe')
+        
+        for i, iframe in enumerate(iframes):
+            try:
+                # Add a unique identifier to the iframe
+                await iframe.evaluate(f'(element) => element.id = "iframe-{i}"')
+                
+                # Get the frame associated with this iframe
+                frame = await iframe.content_frame()
+                
+                if frame:
+                    # Wait for the frame to load
+                    await frame.wait_for_load_state('load', timeout=30000)  # 30 seconds timeout
+                    
+                    # Extract the content of the iframe's body
+                    iframe_content = await frame.evaluate('() => document.body.innerHTML')
+                    
+                    # Generate a unique class name for this iframe
+                    class_name = f'extracted-iframe-content-{i}'
+                    
+                    # Replace the iframe with a div containing the extracted content
+                    _iframe = iframe_content.replace('`', '\\`')
+                    await page.evaluate(f"""
+                        () => {{
+                            const iframe = document.getElementById('iframe-{i}');
+                            const div = document.createElement('div');
+                            div.innerHTML = `{_iframe}`;
+                            div.className = '{class_name}';
+                            iframe.replaceWith(div);
+                        }}
+                    """)
+                else:
+                    print(f"Warning: Could not access content frame for iframe {i}")
+            except Exception as e:
+                print(f"Error processing iframe {i}: {str(e)}")
+
+        # Return the page object
+        return page
+    
+    
     async def crawl(self, url: str, **kwargs) -> AsyncCrawlResponse:
         response_headers = {}
         status_code = None
@@ -207,7 +301,7 @@ class AsyncPlaywrightCrawlerStrategy(AsyncCrawlerStrategy):
 
             if not kwargs.get("js_only", False):
                 await self.execute_hook('before_goto', page)
-                response = await page.goto(url, wait_until="domcontentloaded", timeout=60000)
+                response = await page.goto(url, wait_until="domcontentloaded", timeout=kwargs.get("page_timeout", 60000))
                 await self.execute_hook('after_goto', page)
                 
                 # Get status code and headers
@@ -217,6 +311,7 @@ class AsyncPlaywrightCrawlerStrategy(AsyncCrawlerStrategy):
                 status_code = 200
                 response_headers = {}
 
+
             await page.wait_for_selector('body')
             await page.evaluate("window.scrollTo(0, document.body.scrollHeight)")
 
@@ -250,22 +345,89 @@ class AsyncPlaywrightCrawlerStrategy(AsyncCrawlerStrategy):
             wait_for = kwargs.get("wait_for")
             if wait_for:
                 try:
-                    await self.csp_compliant_wait(page, wait_for, timeout=kwargs.get("timeout", 30000))
+                    await self.smart_wait(page, wait_for, timeout=kwargs.get("page_timeout", 60000))
                 except Exception as e:
-                    raise RuntimeError(f"Custom wait condition failed: {str(e)}")                
-                # try:
-                #     await page.wait_for_function(wait_for)
-                #     # if callable(wait_for):
-                #     #     await page.wait_for_function(wait_for)
-                #     # elif isinstance(wait_for, str):
-                #     #     await page.wait_for_selector(wait_for)
-                #     # else:
-                #     #     raise ValueError("wait_for must be either a callable or a CSS selector string")
-                # except Error as e:
-                #     raise Error(f"Custom wait condition failed: {str(e)}")
+                    raise RuntimeError(f"Wait condition failed: {str(e)}")
 
+            # Check if kwargs has screenshot=True then take screenshot
+            screenshot_data = None
+            if kwargs.get("screenshot"):
+                screenshot_data = await self.take_screenshot(url)
+            
+            
+            # New code to update image dimensions
+            update_image_dimensions_js = """
+            () => {
+                return new Promise((resolve) => {
+                    const filterImage = (img) => {
+                        // Filter out images that are too small
+                        if (img.width < 100 && img.height < 100) return false;
+                        
+                        // Filter out images that are not visible
+                        const rect = img.getBoundingClientRect();
+                        if (rect.width === 0 || rect.height === 0) return false;
+                        
+                        // Filter out images with certain class names (e.g., icons, thumbnails)
+                        if (img.classList.contains('icon') || img.classList.contains('thumbnail')) return false;
+                        
+                        // Filter out images with certain patterns in their src (e.g., placeholder images)
+                        if (img.src.includes('placeholder') || img.src.includes('icon')) return false;
+                        
+                        return true;
+                    };
+
+                    const images = Array.from(document.querySelectorAll('img')).filter(filterImage);
+                    let imagesLeft = images.length;
+                    
+                    if (imagesLeft === 0) {
+                        resolve();
+                        return;
+                    }
+
+                    const checkImage = (img) => {
+                        if (img.complete && img.naturalWidth !== 0) {
+                            img.setAttribute('width', img.naturalWidth);
+                            img.setAttribute('height', img.naturalHeight);
+                            imagesLeft--;
+                            if (imagesLeft === 0) resolve();
+                        }
+                    };
+
+                    images.forEach(img => {
+                        checkImage(img);
+                        if (!img.complete) {
+                            img.onload = () => {
+                                checkImage(img);
+                            };
+                            img.onerror = () => {
+                                imagesLeft--;
+                                if (imagesLeft === 0) resolve();
+                            };
+                        }
+                    });
+
+                    // Fallback timeout of 5 seconds
+                    setTimeout(() => resolve(), 5000);
+                });
+            }
+            """
+            await page.evaluate(update_image_dimensions_js)
+
+            # Wait a bit for any onload events to complete
+            await page.wait_for_timeout(100)
+
+            # Process iframes
+            if kwargs.get("process_iframes", False):
+                page = await self.process_iframes(page)
+            
+            await self.execute_hook('before_retrieve_html', page)
+            # Check if delay_before_return_html is set then wait for that time
+            delay_before_return_html = kwargs.get("delay_before_return_html")
+            if delay_before_return_html:
+                await asyncio.sleep(delay_before_return_html)
+                
             html = await page.content()
-            page = await self.execute_hook('before_return_html', page, html)
+            await self.execute_hook('before_return_html', page, html)
 
             if self.verbose:
                 print(f"[LOG] ✅ Crawled {url} successfully!")
@@ -281,7 +443,20 @@ class AsyncPlaywrightCrawlerStrategy(AsyncCrawlerStrategy):
                         "status_code": status_code
                     }, f)
 
-            response = AsyncCrawlResponse(html=html, response_headers=response_headers, status_code=status_code)
+            
+            async def get_delayed_content(delay: float = 5.0) -> str:
+                if self.verbose:
+                    print(f"[LOG] Waiting for {delay} seconds before retrieving content for {url}")
+                await asyncio.sleep(delay)
+                return await page.content()
+                
+            response = AsyncCrawlResponse(
+                html=html, 
+                response_headers=response_headers, 
+                status_code=status_code,
+                screenshot=screenshot_data,
+                get_delayed_content=get_delayed_content
+            )
             return response
         except Error as e:
             raise Error(f"Failed to crawl {url}: {str(e)}")
@@ -339,7 +514,6 @@ class AsyncPlaywrightCrawlerStrategy(AsyncCrawlerStrategy):
         except Error as e:
             raise Error(f"Failed to execute JavaScript or wait for condition in session {session_id}: {str(e)}")
     
-    
     async def crawl_many(self, urls: List[str], **kwargs) -> List[AsyncCrawlResponse]:
         semaphore_count = kwargs.get('semaphore_count', calculate_semaphore_count())
         semaphore = asyncio.Semaphore(semaphore_count)
@@ -352,11 +526,13 @@ class AsyncPlaywrightCrawlerStrategy(AsyncCrawlerStrategy):
         results = await asyncio.gather(*tasks, return_exceptions=True)
         return [result if not isinstance(result, Exception) else str(result) for result in results]
 
-    async def take_screenshot(self, url: str) -> str:
+    async def take_screenshot(self, url: str, wait_time = 1000) -> str:
         async with await self.browser.new_context(user_agent=self.user_agent) as context:
             page = await context.new_page()
             try:
-                await page.goto(url, wait_until="domcontentloaded")
+                await page.goto(url, wait_until="domcontentloaded", timeout=30000)
+                # Wait for a specified time (default is 1 second)
+                await page.wait_for_timeout(wait_time)
                 screenshot = await page.screenshot(full_page=True)
                 return base64.b64encode(screenshot).decode('utf-8')
             except Exception as e:

crawl4ai/async_database.py

@@ -29,14 +29,31 @@ class AsyncDatabaseManager:
                 )
             ''')
             await db.commit()
+        await self.update_db_schema()
 
-    async def aalter_db_add_screenshot(self, new_column: str = "media"):
+    async def update_db_schema(self):
+        async with aiosqlite.connect(self.db_path) as db:
+            # Check if the 'media' column exists
+            cursor = await db.execute("PRAGMA table_info(crawled_data)")
+            columns = await cursor.fetchall()
+            column_names = [column[1] for column in columns]
+            
+            if 'media' not in column_names:
+                await self.aalter_db_add_column('media')
+            
+            # Check for other missing columns and add them if necessary
+            for column in ['links', 'metadata', 'screenshot']:
+                if column not in column_names:
+                    await self.aalter_db_add_column(column)
+
+    async def aalter_db_add_column(self, new_column: str):
         try:
             async with aiosqlite.connect(self.db_path) as db:
                 await db.execute(f'ALTER TABLE crawled_data ADD COLUMN {new_column} TEXT DEFAULT ""')
                 await db.commit()
+            print(f"Added column '{new_column}' to the database.")
         except Exception as e:
-            print(f"Error altering database to add screenshot column: {e}")
+            print(f"Error altering database to add {new_column} column: {e}")
 
     async def aget_cached_url(self, url: str) -> Optional[Tuple[str, str, str, str, str, str, str, bool, str]]:
         try:

crawl4ai/async_webcrawler.py

@@ -23,17 +23,18 @@ class AsyncWebCrawler:
         self,
         crawler_strategy: Optional[AsyncCrawlerStrategy] = None,
         always_by_pass_cache: bool = False,
-        verbose: bool = False,
+        base_directory: str = str(Path.home()),
+        **kwargs,
     ):
         self.crawler_strategy = crawler_strategy or AsyncPlaywrightCrawlerStrategy(
-            verbose=verbose
+            **kwargs
         )
         self.always_by_pass_cache = always_by_pass_cache
-        self.crawl4ai_folder = os.path.join(Path.home(), ".crawl4ai")
+        self.crawl4ai_folder = os.path.join(base_directory, ".crawl4ai")
         os.makedirs(self.crawl4ai_folder, exist_ok=True)
         os.makedirs(f"{self.crawl4ai_folder}/cache", exist_ok=True)
         self.ready = False
-        self.verbose = verbose
+        self.verbose = kwargs.get("verbose", False)
 
     async def __aenter__(self):
         await self.crawler_strategy.__aenter__()
@@ -80,7 +81,7 @@ class AsyncWebCrawler:
             
             word_count_threshold = max(word_count_threshold, MIN_WORD_THRESHOLD)
 
-            async_response : AsyncCrawlResponse = None
+            async_response: AsyncCrawlResponse = None
             cached = None
             screenshot_data = None
             extracted_content = None
@@ -102,15 +103,14 @@ class AsyncWebCrawler:
                 t1 = time.time()
                 if user_agent:
                     self.crawler_strategy.update_user_agent(user_agent)
-                async_response : AsyncCrawlResponse = await self.crawler_strategy.crawl(url, **kwargs)
+                async_response: AsyncCrawlResponse = await self.crawler_strategy.crawl(url, screenshot=screenshot, **kwargs)
                 html = sanitize_input_encode(async_response.html)
+                screenshot_data = async_response.screenshot
                 t2 = time.time()
                 if verbose:
                     print(
                         f"[LOG] 🚀 Crawling done for {url}, success: {bool(html)}, time taken: {t2 - t1:.2f} seconds"
                     )
-                if screenshot:
-                    screenshot_data = await self.crawler_strategy.take_screenshot(url)
 
             crawl_result = await self.aprocess_html(
                 url,
@@ -127,7 +127,7 @@ class AsyncWebCrawler:
                 **kwargs,
             )
             crawl_result.status_code = async_response.status_code if async_response else 200
-            crawl_result.responser_headers = async_response.response_headers if async_response else {}
+            crawl_result.response_headers = async_response.response_headers if async_response else {}
             crawl_result.success = bool(html)
             crawl_result.session_id = kwargs.get("session_id", None)
             return crawl_result
@@ -203,11 +203,11 @@ class AsyncWebCrawler:
                 )
 
             if result is None:
-                raise ValueError(f"Failed to extract content from the website: {url}")
+                raise ValueError(f"Process HTML, Failed to extract content from the website: {url}")
         except InvalidCSSSelectorError as e:
             raise ValueError(str(e))
         except Exception as e:
-            raise ValueError(f"Failed to extract content from the website: {url}, error: {str(e)}")
+            raise ValueError(f"Process HTML, Failed to extract content from the website: {url}, error: {str(e)}")
 
         cleaned_html = sanitize_input_encode(result.get("cleaned_html", ""))
         markdown = sanitize_input_encode(result.get("markdown", ""))

crawl4ai/content_scrapping_strategy.py

@@ -16,8 +16,6 @@ from .utils import (
     CustomHTML2Text
 )
 
-
-
 class ContentScrappingStrategy(ABC):
     @abstractmethod
     def scrap(self, url: str, html: str, **kwargs) -> Dict[str, Any]:
@@ -129,7 +127,7 @@ class WebScrappingStrategy(ContentScrappingStrategy):
                 image_size = 0 #int(fetch_image_file_size(img,base_url) or 0)
                 image_format = os.path.splitext(img.get('src',''))[1].lower()
                 # Remove . from format
-                image_format = image_format.strip('.')
+                image_format = image_format.strip('.').split('?')[0]
                 score = 0
                 if height_value:
                     if height_unit == 'px' and height_value > 150:
@@ -158,6 +156,7 @@ class WebScrappingStrategy(ContentScrappingStrategy):
                 return None
             return {
                 'src': img.get('src', ''),
+                'data-src': img.get('data-src', ''),
                 'alt': img.get('alt', ''),
                 'desc': find_closest_parent_with_useful_text(img),
                 'score': score,
@@ -170,10 +169,12 @@ class WebScrappingStrategy(ContentScrappingStrategy):
                     if isinstance(element, Comment):
                         element.extract()
                     return False
+                
+                # if element.name == 'img':
+                #     process_image(element, url, 0, 1)
+                #     return True
 
                 if element.name in ['script', 'style', 'link', 'meta', 'noscript']:
-                    if element.name == 'img':
-                        process_image(element, url, 0, 1)
                     element.decompose()
                     return False
 
@@ -273,11 +274,14 @@ class WebScrappingStrategy(ContentScrappingStrategy):
                 # Replace base64 data with empty string
                 img['src'] = base64_pattern.sub('', src)
         cleaned_html = str(body).replace('\n\n', '\n').replace('  ', ' ')
-        cleaned_html = sanitize_html(cleaned_html)
 
         h = CustomHTML2Text()
         h.ignore_links = True
-        markdown = h.handle(cleaned_html)
+        h.body_width = 0
+        try:
+            markdown = h.handle(cleaned_html)
+        except Exception as e:
+            markdown = h.handle(sanitize_html(cleaned_html))
         markdown = markdown.replace('    ```', '```')
 
         try:
@@ -286,6 +290,7 @@ class WebScrappingStrategy(ContentScrappingStrategy):
             print('Error extracting metadata:', str(e))
             meta = {}
 
+        cleaned_html = sanitize_html(cleaned_html)
         return {
             'markdown': markdown,
             'cleaned_html': cleaned_html,

crawl4ai/extraction_strategy.py

@@ -80,6 +80,7 @@ class LLMExtractionStrategy(ExtractionStrategy):
         self.word_token_rate = kwargs.get("word_token_rate", WORD_TOKEN_RATE)
         self.apply_chunking = kwargs.get("apply_chunking", True)
         self.base_url = kwargs.get("base_url", None)
+        self.extra_args = kwargs.get("extra_args", {})
         if not self.apply_chunking:
             self.chunk_token_threshold = 1e9
         
@@ -111,7 +112,13 @@ class LLMExtractionStrategy(ExtractionStrategy):
                 "{" + variable + "}", variable_values[variable]
             )
         
-        response = perform_completion_with_backoff(self.provider, prompt_with_variables, self.api_token, base_url=self.base_url) # , json_response=self.extract_type == "schema")
+        response = perform_completion_with_backoff(
+            self.provider, 
+            prompt_with_variables, 
+            self.api_token, 
+            base_url=self.base_url,
+            extra_args = self.extra_args
+            ) # , json_response=self.extract_type == "schema")
         try:
             blocks = extract_xml_data(["blocks"], response.choices[0].message.content)['blocks']
             blocks = json.loads(blocks)

crawl4ai/models.py

@@ -18,5 +18,5 @@ class CrawlResult(BaseModel):
     metadata: Optional[dict] = None
     error_message: Optional[str] = None
     session_id: Optional[str] = None
-    responser_headers: Optional[dict] = None
+    response_headers: Optional[dict] = None
     status_code: Optional[int] = None

crawl4ai/prompts.py

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-PROMPT_EXTRACT_BLOCKS = """YHere is the URL of the webpage:
+PROMPT_EXTRACT_BLOCKS = """Here is the URL of the webpage:
 <url>{URL}</url>
 
 And here is the cleaned HTML content of that webpage:
@@ -79,7 +79,7 @@ To generate the JSON objects:
 2. For each block:
    a. Assign it an index based on its order in the content.
    b. Analyze the content and generate ONE semantic tag that describe what the block is about.
-   c. Extract the text content, EXACTLY SAME AS GIVE DATA, clean it up if needed, and store it as a list of strings in the "content" field.
+   c. Extract the text content, EXACTLY SAME AS THE GIVE DATA, clean it up if needed, and store it as a list of strings in the "content" field.
 
 3. Ensure that the order of the JSON objects matches the order of the blocks as they appear in the original HTML content.
 

crawl4ai/utils.py

@@ -131,7 +131,7 @@ def split_and_parse_json_objects(json_string):
     return parsed_objects, unparsed_segments
 
 def sanitize_html(html):
-    # Replace all weird and special characters with an empty string
+    # Replace all unwanted and special characters with an empty string
     sanitized_html = html
     # sanitized_html = re.sub(r'[^\w\s.,;:!?=\[\]{}()<>\/\\\-"]', '', html)
 
@@ -301,7 +301,7 @@ def get_content_of_website(url, html, word_count_threshold = MIN_WORD_THRESHOLD,
             if tag.name != 'img':
                 tag.attrs = {}
 
-        # Extract all img tgas inti [{src: '', alt: ''}]
+        # Extract all img tgas int0 [{src: '', alt: ''}]
         media = {
             'images': [],
             'videos': [],
@@ -339,7 +339,7 @@ def get_content_of_website(url, html, word_count_threshold = MIN_WORD_THRESHOLD,
                 img.decompose()
 
 
-        # Create a function that replace content of all"pre" tage with its inner text
+        # Create a function that replace content of all"pre" tag with its inner text
         def replace_pre_tags_with_text(node):
             for child in node.find_all('pre'):
                 # set child inner html to its text
@@ -502,7 +502,7 @@ def get_content_of_website_optimized(url: str, html: str, word_count_threshold:
             current_tag = tag
             while current_tag:
                 current_tag = current_tag.parent
-                # Get the text content of the parent tag
+                # Get the text content from the parent tag
                 if current_tag:
                     text_content = current_tag.get_text(separator=' ',strip=True)
                     # Check if the text content has at least word_count_threshold
@@ -511,88 +511,88 @@ def get_content_of_website_optimized(url: str, html: str, word_count_threshold:
             return None
 
     def process_image(img, url, index, total_images):
-            #Check if an image has valid display and inside undesired html elements
-            def is_valid_image(img, parent, parent_classes):
-                style = img.get('style', '')
-                src = img.get('src', '')
-                classes_to_check = ['button', 'icon', 'logo']
-                tags_to_check = ['button', 'input']
-                return all([
-                    'display:none' not in style,
-                    src,
-                    not any(s in var for var in [src, img.get('alt', ''), *parent_classes] for s in classes_to_check),
-                    parent.name not in tags_to_check
-                ])
+        #Check if an image has valid display and inside undesired html elements
+        def is_valid_image(img, parent, parent_classes):
+            style = img.get('style', '')
+            src = img.get('src', '')
+            classes_to_check = ['button', 'icon', 'logo']
+            tags_to_check = ['button', 'input']
+            return all([
+                'display:none' not in style,
+                src,
+                not any(s in var for var in [src, img.get('alt', ''), *parent_classes] for s in classes_to_check),
+                parent.name not in tags_to_check
+            ])
 
-            #Score an image for it's usefulness
-            def score_image_for_usefulness(img, base_url, index, images_count):
-                # Function to parse image height/width value and units
-                def parse_dimension(dimension):
-                    if dimension:
-                        match = re.match(r"(\d+)(\D*)", dimension)
-                        if match:
-                            number = int(match.group(1))
-                            unit = match.group(2) or 'px'  # Default unit is 'px' if not specified
-                            return number, unit
-                    return None, None
+        #Score an image for it's usefulness
+        def score_image_for_usefulness(img, base_url, index, images_count):
+            # Function to parse image height/width value and units
+            def parse_dimension(dimension):
+                if dimension:
+                    match = re.match(r"(\d+)(\D*)", dimension)
+                    if match:
+                        number = int(match.group(1))
+                        unit = match.group(2) or 'px'  # Default unit is 'px' if not specified
+                        return number, unit
+                return None, None
 
-                # Fetch image file metadata to extract size and extension
-                def fetch_image_file_size(img, base_url):
-                    #If src is relative path construct full URL, if not it may be CDN URL
-                    img_url = urljoin(base_url,img.get('src'))
-                    try:
-                        response = requests.head(img_url)
-                        if response.status_code == 200:
-                            return response.headers.get('Content-Length',None)
-                        else:
-                            print(f"Failed to retrieve file size for {img_url}")
-                            return None
-                    except InvalidSchema as e:
+            # Fetch image file metadata to extract size and extension
+            def fetch_image_file_size(img, base_url):
+                #If src is relative path construct full URL, if not it may be CDN URL
+                img_url = urljoin(base_url,img.get('src'))
+                try:
+                    response = requests.head(img_url)
+                    if response.status_code == 200:
+                        return response.headers.get('Content-Length',None)
+                    else:
+                        print(f"Failed to retrieve file size for {img_url}")
                         return None
-                    finally:
-                        return
+                except InvalidSchema as e:
+                    return None
+                finally:
+                    return
 
-                image_height = img.get('height')
-                height_value, height_unit = parse_dimension(image_height)
-                image_width =  img.get('width')
-                width_value, width_unit = parse_dimension(image_width)
-                image_size = 0 #int(fetch_image_file_size(img,base_url) or 0)
-                image_format = os.path.splitext(img.get('src',''))[1].lower()
-                # Remove . from format
-                image_format = image_format.strip('.')
-                score = 0
-                if height_value:
-                    if height_unit == 'px' and height_value > 150:
-                        score += 1
-                    if height_unit in ['%','vh','vmin','vmax'] and height_value >30:
-                        score += 1
-                if width_value:
-                    if width_unit == 'px' and width_value > 150:
-                        score += 1
-                    if width_unit in ['%','vh','vmin','vmax'] and width_value >30:
-                        score += 1
-                if image_size > 10000:
+            image_height = img.get('height')
+            height_value, height_unit = parse_dimension(image_height)
+            image_width =  img.get('width')
+            width_value, width_unit = parse_dimension(image_width)
+            image_size = 0 #int(fetch_image_file_size(img,base_url) or 0)
+            image_format = os.path.splitext(img.get('src',''))[1].lower()
+            # Remove . from format
+            image_format = image_format.strip('.')
+            score = 0
+            if height_value:
+                if height_unit == 'px' and height_value > 150:
                     score += 1
-                if img.get('alt') != '':
-                    score+=1
-                if any(image_format==format for format in ['jpg','png','webp']):
-                    score+=1
-                if index/images_count<0.5:
-                    score+=1
-                return score
+                if height_unit in ['%','vh','vmin','vmax'] and height_value >30:
+                    score += 1
+            if width_value:
+                if width_unit == 'px' and width_value > 150:
+                    score += 1
+                if width_unit in ['%','vh','vmin','vmax'] and width_value >30:
+                    score += 1
+            if image_size > 10000:
+                score += 1
+            if img.get('alt') != '':
+                score+=1
+            if any(image_format==format for format in ['jpg','png','webp']):
+                score+=1
+            if index/images_count<0.5:
+                score+=1
+            return score
 
-            if not is_valid_image(img, img.parent, img.parent.get('class', [])):
-                return None
-            score = score_image_for_usefulness(img, url, index, total_images)
-            if score <= IMAGE_SCORE_THRESHOLD:
-                return None
-            return {
-                'src': img.get('src', ''),
-                'alt': img.get('alt', ''),
-                'desc': find_closest_parent_with_useful_text(img),
-                'score': score,
-                'type': 'image'
-            }
+        if not is_valid_image(img, img.parent, img.parent.get('class', [])):
+            return None
+        score = score_image_for_usefulness(img, url, index, total_images)
+        if score <= IMAGE_SCORE_THRESHOLD:
+            return None
+        return {
+            'src': img.get('src', '').replace('\\"', '"').strip(),
+            'alt': img.get('alt', ''),
+            'desc': find_closest_parent_with_useful_text(img),
+            'score': score,
+            'type': 'image'
+        }
 
     def process_element(element: element.PageElement) -> bool:
         try:
@@ -775,7 +775,14 @@ def extract_xml_data(tags, string):
     return data
     
 # Function to perform the completion with exponential backoff
-def perform_completion_with_backoff(provider, prompt_with_variables, api_token, json_response = False, base_url=None):
+def perform_completion_with_backoff(
+    provider, 
+    prompt_with_variables, 
+    api_token, 
+    json_response = False, 
+    base_url=None,
+    **kwargs
+    ):
     from litellm import completion 
     from litellm.exceptions import RateLimitError
     max_attempts = 3
@@ -784,6 +791,9 @@ def perform_completion_with_backoff(provider, prompt_with_variables, api_token,
     extra_args = {}
     if json_response:
         extra_args["response_format"] = { "type": "json_object" }
+        
+    if kwargs.get("extra_args"):
+        extra_args.update(kwargs["extra_args"])
     
     for attempt in range(max_attempts):
         try:

crawl4ai/web_crawler.py

@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ from typing import List
 from concurrent.futures import ThreadPoolExecutor
 from .config import *
 import warnings
+import json
 warnings.filterwarnings("ignore", message='Field "model_name" has conflict with protected namespace "model_".')
 
 

docs/examples/async_webcrawler_multiple_urls_example.py

@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+# File: async_webcrawler_multiple_urls_example.py
+import os, sys
+# append 2 parent directories to sys.path to import crawl4ai
+parent_dir = os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__))))
+sys.path.append(parent_dir)
+
+import asyncio
+from crawl4ai import AsyncWebCrawler
+
+async def main():
+    # Initialize the AsyncWebCrawler
+    async with AsyncWebCrawler(verbose=True) as crawler:
+        # List of URLs to crawl
+        urls = [
+            "https://example.com",
+            "https://python.org",
+            "https://github.com",
+            "https://stackoverflow.com",
+            "https://news.ycombinator.com"
+        ]
+
+        # Set up crawling parameters
+        word_count_threshold = 100
+
+        # Run the crawling process for multiple URLs
+        results = await crawler.arun_many(
+            urls=urls,
+            word_count_threshold=word_count_threshold,
+            bypass_cache=True,
+            verbose=True
+        )
+
+        # Process the results
+        for result in results:
+            if result.success:
+                print(f"Successfully crawled: {result.url}")
+                print(f"Title: {result.metadata.get('title', 'N/A')}")
+                print(f"Word count: {len(result.markdown.split())}")
+                print(f"Number of links: {len(result.links.get('internal', [])) + len(result.links.get('external', []))}")
+                print(f"Number of images: {len(result.media.get('images', []))}")
+                print("---")
+            else:
+                print(f"Failed to crawl: {result.url}")
+                print(f"Error: {result.error_message}")
+                print("---")
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    asyncio.run(main())

docs/examples/language_support_example.py

@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+import asyncio
+from crawl4ai import AsyncWebCrawler, AsyncPlaywrightCrawlerStrategy
+
+async def main():
+    # Example 1: Setting language when creating the crawler
+    crawler1 = AsyncWebCrawler(
+        crawler_strategy=AsyncPlaywrightCrawlerStrategy(
+            headers={"Accept-Language": "fr-FR,fr;q=0.9,en-US;q=0.8,en;q=0.7"}
+        )
+    )
+    result1 = await crawler1.arun("https://www.example.com")
+    print("Example 1 result:", result1.extracted_content[:100])  # Print first 100 characters
+
+    # Example 2: Setting language before crawling
+    crawler2 = AsyncWebCrawler()
+    crawler2.crawler_strategy.headers["Accept-Language"] = "es-ES,es;q=0.9,en-US;q=0.8,en;q=0.7"
+    result2 = await crawler2.arun("https://www.example.com")
+    print("Example 2 result:", result2.extracted_content[:100])
+
+    # Example 3: Setting language when calling arun method
+    crawler3 = AsyncWebCrawler()
+    result3 = await crawler3.arun(
+        "https://www.example.com",
+        headers={"Accept-Language": "de-DE,de;q=0.9,en-US;q=0.8,en;q=0.7"}
+    )
+    print("Example 3 result:", result3.extracted_content[:100])
+
+    # Example 4: Crawling multiple pages with different languages
+    urls = [
+        ("https://www.example.com", "fr-FR,fr;q=0.9"),
+        ("https://www.example.org", "es-ES,es;q=0.9"),
+        ("https://www.example.net", "de-DE,de;q=0.9"),
+    ]
+    
+    crawler4 = AsyncWebCrawler()
+    results = await asyncio.gather(*[
+        crawler4.arun(url, headers={"Accept-Language": lang})
+        for url, lang in urls
+    ])
+    
+    for url, result in zip([u for u, _ in urls], results):
+        print(f"Result for {url}:", result.extracted_content[:100])
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    asyncio.run(main())

docs/examples/quickstart_async.py

@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ import time
 import json
 import os
 import re
+from typing import Dict
 from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
 from pydantic import BaseModel, Field
 from crawl4ai import AsyncWebCrawler
@@ -18,6 +19,8 @@ from crawl4ai.extraction_strategy import (
     LLMExtractionStrategy,
 )
 
+__location__ = os.path.realpath(os.path.join(os.getcwd(), os.path.dirname(__file__)))
+
 print("Crawl4AI: Advanced Web Crawling and Data Extraction")
 print("GitHub Repository: https://github.com/unclecode/crawl4ai")
 print("Twitter: @unclecode")
@@ -30,7 +33,7 @@ async def simple_crawl():
         result = await crawler.arun(url="https://www.nbcnews.com/business")
         print(result.markdown[:500])  # Print first 500 characters
 
-async def js_and_css():
+async def simple_example_with_running_js_code():
     print("\n--- Executing JavaScript and Using CSS Selectors ---")
     # New code to handle the wait_for parameter
     wait_for = """() => {
@@ -47,12 +50,21 @@ async def js_and_css():
         result = await crawler.arun(
             url="https://www.nbcnews.com/business",
             js_code=js_code,
-            # css_selector="article.tease-card",
             # wait_for=wait_for,
             bypass_cache=True,
         )
         print(result.markdown[:500])  # Print first 500 characters
 
+async def simple_example_with_css_selector():
+    print("\n--- Using CSS Selectors ---")
+    async with AsyncWebCrawler(verbose=True) as crawler:
+        result = await crawler.arun(
+            url="https://www.nbcnews.com/business",
+            css_selector=".wide-tease-item__description",
+            bypass_cache=True,
+        )
+        print(result.markdown[:500])  # Print first 500 characters
+
 async def use_proxy():
     print("\n--- Using a Proxy ---")
     print(
@@ -66,6 +78,28 @@ async def use_proxy():
     #     )
     #     print(result.markdown[:500])  # Print first 500 characters
 
+async def capture_and_save_screenshot(url: str, output_path: str):
+    async with AsyncWebCrawler(verbose=True) as crawler:
+        result = await crawler.arun(
+            url=url,
+            screenshot=True,
+            bypass_cache=True
+        )
+        
+        if result.success and result.screenshot:
+            import base64
+            
+            # Decode the base64 screenshot data
+            screenshot_data = base64.b64decode(result.screenshot)
+            
+            # Save the screenshot as a JPEG file
+            with open(output_path, 'wb') as f:
+                f.write(screenshot_data)
+            
+            print(f"Screenshot saved successfully to {output_path}")
+        else:
+            print("Failed to capture screenshot")
+
 class OpenAIModelFee(BaseModel):
     model_name: str = Field(..., description="Name of the OpenAI model.")
     input_fee: str = Field(..., description="Fee for input token for the OpenAI model.")
@@ -73,27 +107,30 @@ class OpenAIModelFee(BaseModel):
         ..., description="Fee for output token for the OpenAI model."
     )
 
-async def extract_structured_data_using_llm():
-    print("\n--- Extracting Structured Data with OpenAI ---")
-    print(
-        "Note: Set your OpenAI API key as an environment variable to run this example."
-    )
-    if not os.getenv("OPENAI_API_KEY"):
-        print("OpenAI API key not found. Skipping this example.")
+async def extract_structured_data_using_llm(provider: str, api_token: str = None, extra_headers: Dict[str, str] = None):
+    print(f"\n--- Extracting Structured Data with {provider} ---")
+    
+    if api_token is None and provider != "ollama":
+        print(f"API token is required for {provider}. Skipping this example.")
         return
 
+    extra_args = {}
+    if extra_headers:
+        extra_args["extra_headers"] = extra_headers
+
     async with AsyncWebCrawler(verbose=True) as crawler:
         result = await crawler.arun(
             url="https://openai.com/api/pricing/",
             word_count_threshold=1,
             extraction_strategy=LLMExtractionStrategy(
-                provider="openai/gpt-4o",
-                api_token=os.getenv("OPENAI_API_KEY"),
+                provider=provider,
+                api_token=api_token,
                 schema=OpenAIModelFee.schema(),
                 extraction_type="schema",
                 instruction="""From the crawled content, extract all mentioned model names along with their fees for input and output tokens. 
                 Do not miss any models in the entire content. One extracted model JSON format should look like this: 
                 {"model_name": "GPT-4", "input_fee": "US$10.00 / 1M tokens", "output_fee": "US$30.00 / 1M tokens"}.""",
+                extra_args=extra_args
             ),
             bypass_cache=True,
         )
@@ -320,6 +357,28 @@ async def crawl_dynamic_content_pages_method_3():
         await crawler.crawler_strategy.kill_session(session_id)
         print(f"Successfully crawled {len(all_commits)} commits across 3 pages")
 
+async def crawl_custom_browser_type():
+    # Use Firefox
+    start = time.time()
+    async with AsyncWebCrawler(browser_type="firefox", verbose=True, headless = True) as crawler:
+        result = await crawler.arun(url="https://www.example.com", bypass_cache=True)
+        print(result.markdown[:500])
+        print("Time taken: ", time.time() - start)
+
+    # Use WebKit
+    start = time.time()
+    async with AsyncWebCrawler(browser_type="webkit", verbose=True, headless = True) as crawler:
+        result = await crawler.arun(url="https://www.example.com", bypass_cache=True)
+        print(result.markdown[:500])
+        print("Time taken: ", time.time() - start)
+
+    # Use Chromium (default)
+    start = time.time()
+    async with AsyncWebCrawler(verbose=True, headless = True) as crawler:
+        result = await crawler.arun(url="https://www.example.com", bypass_cache=True)
+        print(result.markdown[:500])
+        print("Time taken: ", time.time() - start)
+
 async def speed_comparison():
     # print("\n--- Speed Comparison ---")
     # print("Firecrawl (simulated):")
@@ -387,13 +446,31 @@ async def speed_comparison():
 
 async def main():
     await simple_crawl()
-    await js_and_css()
+    await simple_example_with_running_js_code()
+    await simple_example_with_css_selector()
     await use_proxy()
+    await capture_and_save_screenshot("https://www.example.com", os.path.join(__location__, "tmp/example_screenshot.jpg"))
     await extract_structured_data_using_css_extractor()
+
+    # LLM extraction examples
     await extract_structured_data_using_llm()
+    await extract_structured_data_using_llm("huggingface/meta-llama/Meta-Llama-3.1-8B-Instruct", os.getenv("HUGGINGFACE_API_KEY"))
+    await extract_structured_data_using_llm("openai/gpt-4", os.getenv("OPENAI_API_KEY"))
+    await extract_structured_data_using_llm("ollama/llama3.2")    
+
+    # You always can pass custom headers to the extraction strategy
+    custom_headers = {
+        "Authorization": "Bearer your-custom-token",
+        "X-Custom-Header": "Some-Value"
+    }
+    await extract_structured_data_using_llm(extra_headers=custom_headers)
+    
     # await crawl_dynamic_content_pages_method_1()
     # await crawl_dynamic_content_pages_method_2()
     await crawl_dynamic_content_pages_method_3()
+    
+    await crawl_custom_browser_type()
+    
     await speed_comparison()
 
 

tests/async/test_basic_crawling.py

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ import asyncio
 import time
 
 # Add the parent directory to the Python path
-parent_dir = os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__)))
+parent_dir = os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__))))
 sys.path.append(parent_dir)
 
 from crawl4ai.async_webcrawler import AsyncWebCrawler

tests/async/test_screenshot.py

@@ -0,0 +1,124 @@
+import os
+import sys
+import pytest
+import asyncio
+import base64
+from PIL import Image
+import io
+
+# Add the parent directory to the Python path
+parent_dir = os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__)))
+sys.path.append(parent_dir)
+
+from crawl4ai.async_webcrawler import AsyncWebCrawler
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_basic_screenshot():
+    async with AsyncWebCrawler(verbose=True) as crawler:
+        url = "https://example.com"  # A static website
+        result = await crawler.arun(url=url, bypass_cache=True, screenshot=True)
+        
+        assert result.success
+        assert result.screenshot is not None
+        
+        # Verify the screenshot is a valid image
+        image_data = base64.b64decode(result.screenshot)
+        image = Image.open(io.BytesIO(image_data))
+        assert image.format == "PNG"
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_screenshot_with_wait_for():
+    async with AsyncWebCrawler(verbose=True) as crawler:
+        # Using a website with dynamic content
+        url = "https://www.youtube.com"
+        wait_for = "css:#content"  # Wait for the main content to load
+        
+        result = await crawler.arun(
+            url=url, 
+            bypass_cache=True, 
+            screenshot=True, 
+            wait_for=wait_for
+        )
+        
+        assert result.success
+        assert result.screenshot is not None
+        
+        # Verify the screenshot is a valid image
+        image_data = base64.b64decode(result.screenshot)
+        image = Image.open(io.BytesIO(image_data))
+        assert image.format == "PNG"
+        
+        # You might want to add more specific checks here, like image dimensions
+        # or even use image recognition to verify certain elements are present
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_screenshot_with_js_wait_for():
+    async with AsyncWebCrawler(verbose=True) as crawler:
+        url = "https://www.amazon.com"
+        wait_for = "js:() => document.querySelector('#nav-logo-sprites') !== null"
+        
+        result = await crawler.arun(
+            url=url, 
+            bypass_cache=True, 
+            screenshot=True, 
+            wait_for=wait_for
+        )
+        
+        assert result.success
+        assert result.screenshot is not None
+        
+        image_data = base64.b64decode(result.screenshot)
+        image = Image.open(io.BytesIO(image_data))
+        assert image.format == "PNG"
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_screenshot_without_wait_for():
+    async with AsyncWebCrawler(verbose=True) as crawler:
+        url = "https://www.nytimes.com"  # A website with lots of dynamic content
+        
+        result = await crawler.arun(url=url, bypass_cache=True, screenshot=True)
+        
+        assert result.success
+        assert result.screenshot is not None
+        
+        image_data = base64.b64decode(result.screenshot)
+        image = Image.open(io.BytesIO(image_data))
+        assert image.format == "PNG"
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_screenshot_comparison():
+    async with AsyncWebCrawler(verbose=True) as crawler:
+        url = "https://www.reddit.com"
+        wait_for = "css:#SHORTCUT_FOCUSABLE_DIV"
+        
+        # Take screenshot without wait_for
+        result_without_wait = await crawler.arun(
+            url=url, 
+            bypass_cache=True, 
+            screenshot=True
+        )
+        
+        # Take screenshot with wait_for
+        result_with_wait = await crawler.arun(
+            url=url, 
+            bypass_cache=True, 
+            screenshot=True, 
+            wait_for=wait_for
+        )
+        
+        assert result_without_wait.success and result_with_wait.success
+        assert result_without_wait.screenshot is not None
+        assert result_with_wait.screenshot is not None
+        
+        # Compare the two screenshots
+        image_without_wait = Image.open(io.BytesIO(base64.b64decode(result_without_wait.screenshot)))
+        image_with_wait = Image.open(io.BytesIO(base64.b64decode(result_with_wait.screenshot)))
+        
+        # This is a simple size comparison. In a real-world scenario, you might want to use
+        # more sophisticated image comparison techniques.
+        assert image_with_wait.size[0] >= image_without_wait.size[0]
+        assert image_with_wait.size[1] >= image_without_wait.size[1]
+
+# Entry point for debugging
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    pytest.main([__file__, "-v"])