* Fix: Use correct URL variable for raw HTML extraction (#1116)
- Prevents full HTML content from being passed as URL to extraction strategies
- Added unit tests to verify raw HTML and regular URL processing
Fix: Wrong URL variable used for extraction of raw html
* Fix#1181: Preserve whitespace in code blocks during HTML scraping
The remove_empty_elements_fast() method was removing whitespace-only
span elements inside <pre> and <code> tags, causing import statements
like "import torch" to become "importtorch". Now skips elements inside
code blocks where whitespace is significant.
* Refactor Pydantic model configuration to use ConfigDict for arbitrary types
* Fix EmbeddingStrategy: Uncomment response handling for the variations and clean up mock data. ref #1621
* Fix: permission issues with .cache/url_seeder and other runtime cache dirs. ref #1638
* fix: ensure BrowserConfig.to_dict serializes proxy_config
* feat: make LLM backoff configurable end-to-end
- extend LLMConfig with backoff delay/attempt/factor fields and thread them
through LLMExtractionStrategy, LLMContentFilter, table extraction, and
Docker API handlers
- expose the backoff parameter knobs on perform_completion_with_backoff/aperform_completion_with_backoff
and document them in the md_v2 guides
* reproduced AttributeError from #1642
* pass timeout parameter to docker client request
* added missing deep crawling objects to init
* generalized query in ContentRelevanceFilter to be a str or list
* import modules from enhanceable deserialization
* parameterized tests
* Fix: capture current page URL to reflect JavaScript navigation and add test for delayed redirects. ref #1268
* refactor: replace PyPDF2 with pypdf across the codebase. ref #1412
* Add browser_context_id and target_id parameters to BrowserConfig
Enable Crawl4AI to connect to pre-created CDP browser contexts, which is
essential for cloud browser services that pre-create isolated contexts.
Changes:
- Add browser_context_id and target_id parameters to BrowserConfig
- Update from_kwargs() and to_dict() methods
- Modify BrowserManager.start() to use existing context when provided
- Add _get_page_by_target_id() helper method
- Update get_page() to handle pre-existing targets
- Add test for browser_context_id functionality
This enables cloud services to:
1. Create isolated CDP contexts before Crawl4AI connects
2. Pass context/target IDs to BrowserConfig
3. Have Crawl4AI reuse existing contexts instead of creating new ones
* Add cdp_cleanup_on_close flag to prevent memory leaks in cloud/server scenarios
* Fix: add cdp_cleanup_on_close to from_kwargs
* Fix: find context by target_id for concurrent CDP connections
* Fix: use target_id to find correct page in get_page
* Fix: use CDP to find context by browserContextId for concurrent sessions
* Revert context matching attempts - Playwright cannot see CDP-created contexts
* Add create_isolated_context flag for concurrent CDP crawls
When True, forces creation of a new browser context instead of reusing
the default context. Essential for concurrent crawls on the same browser
to prevent navigation conflicts.
* Add context caching to create_isolated_context branch
Uses contexts_by_config cache (same as non-CDP mode) to reuse contexts
for multiple URLs with same config. Still creates new page per crawl
for navigation isolation. Benefits batch/deep crawls.
* Add init_scripts support to BrowserConfig for pre-page-load JS injection
This adds the ability to inject JavaScript that runs before any page loads,
useful for stealth evasions (canvas/audio fingerprinting, userAgentData).
- Add init_scripts parameter to BrowserConfig (list of JS strings)
- Apply init_scripts in setup_context() via context.add_init_script()
- Update from_kwargs() and to_dict() for serialization
* Fix CDP connection handling: support WS URLs and proper cleanup
Changes to browser_manager.py:
1. _verify_cdp_ready(): Support multiple URL formats
- WebSocket URLs (ws://, wss://): Skip HTTP verification, Playwright handles directly
- HTTP URLs with query params: Properly parse with urlparse to preserve query string
- Fixes issue where naive f"{cdp_url}/json/version" broke WS URLs and query params
2. close(): Proper cleanup when cdp_cleanup_on_close=True
- Close all sessions (pages)
- Close all contexts
- Call browser.close() to disconnect (doesn't terminate browser, just releases connection)
- Wait 1 second for CDP connection to fully release
- Stop Playwright instance to prevent memory leaks
This enables:
- Connecting to specific browsers via WS URL
- Reusing the same browser with multiple sequential connections
- No user wait needed between connections (internal 1s delay handles it)
Added tests/browser/test_cdp_cleanup_reuse.py with comprehensive tests.
* Update gitignore
* Some debugging for caching
* Add _generate_screenshot_from_html for raw: and file:// URLs
Implements the missing method that was being called but never defined.
Now raw: and file:// URLs can generate screenshots by:
1. Loading HTML into a browser page via page.set_content()
2. Taking screenshot using existing take_screenshot() method
3. Cleaning up the page afterward
This enables cached HTML to be rendered with screenshots in crawl4ai-cloud.
* Add PDF and MHTML support for raw: and file:// URLs
- Replace _generate_screenshot_from_html with _generate_media_from_html
- New method handles screenshot, PDF, and MHTML in one browser session
- Update raw: and file:// URL handlers to use new method
- Enables cached HTML to generate all media types
* Add crash recovery for deep crawl strategies
Add optional resume_state and on_state_change parameters to all deep
crawl strategies (BFS, DFS, Best-First) for cloud deployment crash
recovery.
Features:
- resume_state: Pass saved state to resume from checkpoint
- on_state_change: Async callback fired after each URL for real-time
state persistence to external storage (Redis, DB, etc.)
- export_state(): Get last captured state manually
- Zero overhead when features are disabled (None defaults)
State includes visited URLs, pending queue/stack, depths, and
pages_crawled count. All state is JSON-serializable.
* Fix: HTTP strategy raw: URL parsing truncates at # character
The AsyncHTTPCrawlerStrategy.crawl() method used urlparse() to extract
content from raw: URLs. This caused HTML with CSS color codes like #eee
to be truncated because # is treated as a URL fragment delimiter.
Before: raw:body{background:#eee} -> parsed.path = 'body{background:'
After: raw:body{background:#eee} -> raw_content = 'body{background:#eee'
Fix: Strip the raw: or raw:// prefix directly instead of using urlparse,
matching how the browser strategy handles it.
* Add base_url parameter to CrawlerRunConfig for raw HTML processing
When processing raw: HTML (e.g., from cache), the URL parameter is meaningless
for markdown link resolution. This adds a base_url parameter that can be set
explicitly to provide proper URL resolution context.
Changes:
- Add base_url parameter to CrawlerRunConfig.__init__
- Add base_url to CrawlerRunConfig.from_kwargs
- Update aprocess_html to use base_url for markdown generation
Usage:
config = CrawlerRunConfig(base_url='https://example.com')
result = await crawler.arun(url='raw:{html}', config=config)
* Add prefetch mode for two-phase deep crawling
- Add `prefetch` parameter to CrawlerRunConfig
- Add `quick_extract_links()` function for fast link extraction
- Add short-circuit in aprocess_html() for prefetch mode
- Add 42 tests (unit, integration, regression)
🤖 Generated with [Claude Code](https://claude.com/claude-code)
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
* Updates on proxy rotation and proxy configuration
* Add proxy support to HTTP crawler strategy
* Add browser pipeline support for raw:/file:// URLs
- Add process_in_browser parameter to CrawlerRunConfig
- Route raw:/file:// URLs through _crawl_web() when browser operations needed
- Use page.set_content() instead of goto() for local content
- Fix cookie handling for non-HTTP URLs in browser_manager
- Auto-detect browser requirements: js_code, wait_for, screenshot, etc.
- Maintain fast path for raw:/file:// without browser params
Fixes#310
* Add smart TTL cache for sitemap URL seeder
- Add cache_ttl_hours and validate_sitemap_lastmod params to SeedingConfig
- New JSON cache format with metadata (version, created_at, lastmod, url_count)
- Cache validation by TTL expiry and sitemap lastmod comparison
- Auto-migration from old .jsonl to new .json format
- Fixes bug where incomplete cache was used indefinitely
* Update URL seeder docs with smart TTL cache parameters
- Add cache_ttl_hours and validate_sitemap_lastmod to parameter table
- Document smart TTL cache validation with examples
- Add cache-related troubleshooting entries
- Update key features summary
* Add MEMORY.md to gitignore
* Docs: Add multi-sample schema generation section
Add documentation explaining how to pass multiple HTML samples
to generate_schema() for stable selectors that work across pages
with varying DOM structures.
Includes:
- Problem explanation (fragile nth-child selectors)
- Solution with code example
- Key points for multi-sample queries
- Comparison table of fragile vs stable selectors
* Fix critical RCE and LFI vulnerabilities in Docker API deployment
Security fixes for vulnerabilities reported by ProjectDiscovery:
1. Remote Code Execution via Hooks (CVE pending)
- Remove __import__ from allowed_builtins in hook_manager.py
- Prevents arbitrary module imports (os, subprocess, etc.)
- Hooks now disabled by default via CRAWL4AI_HOOKS_ENABLED env var
2. Local File Inclusion via file:// URLs (CVE pending)
- Add URL scheme validation to /execute_js, /screenshot, /pdf, /html
- Block file://, javascript:, data: and other dangerous schemes
- Only allow http://, https://, and raw: (where appropriate)
3. Security hardening
- Add CRAWL4AI_HOOKS_ENABLED=false as default (opt-in for hooks)
- Add security warning comments in config.yml
- Add validate_url_scheme() helper for consistent validation
Testing:
- Add unit tests (test_security_fixes.py) - 16 tests
- Add integration tests (run_security_tests.py) for live server
Affected endpoints:
- POST /crawl (hooks disabled by default)
- POST /crawl/stream (hooks disabled by default)
- POST /execute_js (URL validation added)
- POST /screenshot (URL validation added)
- POST /pdf (URL validation added)
- POST /html (URL validation added)
Breaking changes:
- Hooks require CRAWL4AI_HOOKS_ENABLED=true to function
- file:// URLs no longer work on API endpoints (use library directly)
* Enhance authentication flow by implementing JWT token retrieval and adding authorization headers to API requests
* Add release notes for v0.7.9, detailing breaking changes, security fixes, new features, bug fixes, and documentation updates
* Add release notes for v0.8.0, detailing breaking changes, security fixes, new features, bug fixes, and documentation updates
Documentation for v0.8.0 release:
- SECURITY.md: Security policy and vulnerability reporting guidelines
- RELEASE_NOTES_v0.8.0.md: Comprehensive release notes
- migration/v0.8.0-upgrade-guide.md: Step-by-step migration guide
- security/GHSA-DRAFT-RCE-LFI.md: GitHub security advisory drafts
- CHANGELOG.md: Updated with v0.8.0 changes
Breaking changes documented:
- Docker API hooks disabled by default (CRAWL4AI_HOOKS_ENABLED)
- file:// URLs blocked on Docker API endpoints
Security fixes credited to Neo by ProjectDiscovery
* Add examples for deep crawl crash recovery and prefetch mode in documentation
* Release v0.8.0: The v0.8.0 Update
- Updated version to 0.8.0
- Added comprehensive demo and release notes
- Updated all documentation
* Update security researcher acknowledgment with a hyperlink for Neo by ProjectDiscovery
* Add async agenerate_schema method for schema generation
- Extract prompt building to shared _build_schema_prompt() method
- Add agenerate_schema() async version using aperform_completion_with_backoff
- Refactor generate_schema() to use shared prompt builder
- Fixes Gemini/Vertex AI compatibility in async contexts (FastAPI)
* Fix: Enable litellm.drop_params for O-series/GPT-5 model compatibility
O-series (o1, o3) and GPT-5 models only support temperature=1.
Setting litellm.drop_params=True auto-drops unsupported parameters
instead of throwing UnsupportedParamsError.
Fixes temperature=0.01 error for these models in LLM extraction.
---------
Co-authored-by: rbushria <rbushri@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: AHMET YILMAZ <tawfik@kidocode.com>
Co-authored-by: Soham Kukreti <kukretisoham@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: Chris Murphy <chris.murphy@klaviyo.com>
Co-authored-by: unclecode <unclecode@kidocode.com>
Co-authored-by: Claude Opus 4.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
- fix handling of special keys in Windows msvcrt implementation
- Guard against UnicodeDecodeError from multi-byte key sequences
- Filter out non-printable characters and control sequences
- Add error handling to prevent coroutine crashes
- Add unit test to verify keyboard input handling
Key changes:
- Safe UTF-8 decoding with try/except for special keys
- Skip non-printable and multi-byte character sequences
- Add broad exception handling in keyboard listener
Test runs on Windows only due to msvcrt dependency.
Adds a new BrowserManager implementation with browser pooling and page pre-warming capabilities:
- Adds support for managing multiple browser instances per configuration
- Implements page pre-warming for improved performance
- Adds configurable behavior for when no browsers are available
- Includes comprehensive status reporting and monitoring
- Maintains backward compatibility with existing API
- Adds demo script showcasing new features
BREAKING CHANGE: BrowserManager API now returns a strategy instance along with page and context
Major refactoring of browser strategy implementations to improve code organization and reliability:
- Move CrawlResultContainer and RunManyReturn types from async_webcrawler to models.py
- Simplify browser lifecycle management in AsyncWebCrawler
- Standardize browser strategy interface with _generate_page method
- Improve headless mode handling and browser args construction
- Clean up Docker and Playwright strategy implementations
- Fix session management and context handling across strategies
BREAKING CHANGE: Browser strategy interface has changed with new _generate_page method requirement
Moves common browser functionality into BaseBrowserStrategy class to reduce code duplication and improve maintainability. Key changes:
- Adds shared browser argument building and session management to base class
- Standardizes storage state handling across strategies
- Improves process cleanup and error handling
- Consolidates CDP URL management and container lifecycle
BREAKING CHANGE: Changes browser_mode="custom" to "cdp" for consistency
Reorganize browser strategy code into separate modules for better maintainability and separation of concerns. Improve Docker implementation with:
- Add Alpine and Debian-based Dockerfiles for better container options
- Enhance Docker registry to share configuration with BuiltinBrowserStrategy
- Add CPU and memory limits to container configuration
- Improve error handling and logging
- Update documentation and examples
BREAKING CHANGE: DockerConfig, DockerRegistry, and DockerUtils have been moved to new locations and their APIs have been updated.
Implements a new browser strategy that runs Chrome in Docker containers,
providing better isolation and cross-platform consistency. Features include:
- Connect and launch modes for different container configurations
- Persistent storage support for maintaining browser state
- Container registry for efficient reuse
- Comprehensive test suite for Docker browser functionality
This addition allows users to run browser automation workloads in isolated
containers, improving security and resource management.
Enhance storage state persistence mechanism in CDP browser strategy by:
- Explicitly saving storage state for each browser context
- Using proper file path for storage state
- Removing unnecessary sleep delay
Also includes test improvements:
- Simplified test configurations in playwright tests
- Temporarily disabled some CDP tests
Remove PagePoolConfig in favor of direct page management in browser strategies.
Add get_pages() method for efficient parallel page creation.
Improve storage state handling and persistence.
Add comprehensive parallel crawling tests and performance analysis.
BREAKING CHANGE: Removed PagePoolConfig class and related functionality.
Adds a new browser management system with strategy pattern implementation:
- Introduces BrowserManager class with strategy pattern support
- Adds PlaywrightBrowserStrategy, CDPBrowserStrategy, and BuiltinBrowserStrategy
- Implements BrowserProfileManager for profile management
- Adds PagePoolConfig for browser page pooling
- Includes comprehensive test suite for all browser strategies
BREAKING CHANGE: Browser management has been moved to browser/ module. Direct usage of browser_manager.py and browser_profiler.py is deprecated.
Implements a persistent browser management system that allows running a single shared browser instance
that can be reused across multiple crawler sessions. Key changes include:
- Added browser_mode config option with 'builtin', 'dedicated', and 'custom' modes
- Implemented builtin browser management in BrowserProfiler
- Added CLI commands for managing builtin browser (start, stop, status, restart, view)
- Modified browser process handling to support detached processes
- Added automatic builtin browser setup during package installation
BREAKING CHANGE: The browser_mode config option changes how browser instances are managed
Add new features to enhance browser automation and HTML extraction:
- Add CDP browser launch capability with customizable ports and profiles
- Implement JsonLxmlExtractionStrategy for faster HTML parsing
- Add CLI command 'crwl cdp' for launching standalone CDP browsers
- Support connecting to external CDP browsers via URL
- Optimize selector caching and context-sensitive queries
BREAKING CHANGE: LLMConfig import path changed from crawl4ai.types to crawl4ai
