feat(scraping): add LXML-based scraping mode for improved performance
Adds a new ScrapingMode enum to allow switching between BeautifulSoup and LXML parsing. LXML mode offers 10-20x better performance for large HTML documents. Key changes: - Added ScrapingMode enum with BEAUTIFULSOUP and LXML options - Implemented LXMLWebScrapingStrategy class - Added LXML-based metadata extraction - Updated documentation with scraping mode usage and performance considerations - Added cssselect dependency BREAKING CHANGE: None
This commit is contained in:
UncleCode
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import json
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import time
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from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
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from crawl4ai.content_scraping_strategy import WebScrapingStrategy, LXMLWebScrapingStrategy
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from typing import Dict, Any, List, Tuple
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import difflib
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from lxml import html as lhtml, etree
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def normalize_dom(element):
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"""
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Recursively normalizes an lxml HTML element:
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- Removes comment nodes
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- Sorts attributes on each node
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- Removes <head> if you want (optional)
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Returns the same element (mutated).
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"""
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# Remove comment nodes
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comments = element.xpath('//comment()')
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for c in comments:
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p = c.getparent()
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if p is not None:
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p.remove(c)
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# If you'd like to remove <head>, or unify <html>/<body>, you could do so here.
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# For example, remove <head> entirely:
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# heads = element.xpath('//head')
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# for h in heads:
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# parent = h.getparent()
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# if parent is not None:
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# parent.remove(h)
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# Sort attributes (to avoid false positives due to attr order)
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for el in element.iter():
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if el.attrib:
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# Convert to a sorted list of (k, v), then reassign
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sorted_attribs = sorted(el.attrib.items())
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el.attrib.clear()
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for k, v in sorted_attribs:
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el.set(k, v)
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return element
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def strip_html_body(root):
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"""
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If 'root' is <html>, find its <body> child and move all of <body>'s children
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into a new <div>. Return that <div>.
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If 'root' is <body>, similarly move all of its children into a new <div> and return it.
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Otherwise, return 'root' as-is.
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"""
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tag_name = (root.tag or "").lower()
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# Case 1: The root is <html>
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if tag_name == 'html':
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bodies = root.xpath('./body')
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if bodies:
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body = bodies[0]
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new_div = lhtml.Element("div")
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for child in body:
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new_div.append(child)
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return new_div
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else:
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# No <body> found; just return the <html> root
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return root
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# Case 2: The root is <body>
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elif tag_name == 'body':
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new_div = lhtml.Element("div")
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for child in root:
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new_div.append(child)
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return new_div
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# Case 3: Neither <html> nor <body>
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else:
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return root
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def compare_nodes(node1, node2, differences, path="/"):
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"""
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Recursively compare two lxml nodes, appending textual differences to `differences`.
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`path` is used to indicate the location in the tree (like an XPath).
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"""
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# 1) Compare tag names
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if node1.tag != node2.tag:
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differences.append(f"Tag mismatch at {path}: '{node1.tag}' vs. '{node2.tag}'")
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return
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# 2) Compare attributes
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# By now, they are sorted in normalize_dom()
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attrs1 = list(node1.attrib.items())
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attrs2 = list(node2.attrib.items())
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if attrs1 != attrs2:
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differences.append(f"Attribute mismatch at {path}/{node1.tag}: {attrs1} vs. {attrs2}")
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# 3) Compare text (trim or unify whitespace as needed)
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text1 = (node1.text or "").strip()
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text2 = (node2.text or "").strip()
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# Normalize whitespace
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text1 = " ".join(text1.split())
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text2 = " ".join(text2.split())
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if text1 != text2:
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# If you prefer ignoring newlines or multiple whitespace, do a more robust cleanup
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differences.append(f"Text mismatch at {path}/{node1.tag}: '{text1}' vs. '{text2}'")
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# 4) Compare number of children
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children1 = list(node1)
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children2 = list(node2)
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if len(children1) != len(children2):
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differences.append(
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f"Child count mismatch at {path}/{node1.tag}: {len(children1)} vs. {len(children2)}"
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)
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return # If counts differ, no point comparing child by child
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# 5) Recursively compare each child
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for i, (c1, c2) in enumerate(zip(children1, children2)):
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# Build a path for child
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child_path = f"{path}/{node1.tag}[{i}]"
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compare_nodes(c1, c2, differences, child_path)
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# 6) Compare tail text
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tail1 = (node1.tail or "").strip()
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tail2 = (node2.tail or "").strip()
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if tail1 != tail2:
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differences.append(f"Tail mismatch after {path}/{node1.tag}: '{tail1}' vs. '{tail2}'")
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def compare_html_structurally(html1, html2):
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"""
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Compare two HTML strings using a structural approach with lxml.
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Returns a list of differences (if any). If empty, they're effectively the same.
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"""
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# 1) Parse both
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try:
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tree1 = lhtml.fromstring(html1)
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except etree.ParserError:
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return ["Error parsing HTML1"]
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try:
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tree2 = lhtml.fromstring(html2)
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except etree.ParserError:
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return ["Error parsing HTML2"]
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# 2) Normalize both DOMs (remove comments, sort attributes, etc.)
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tree1 = normalize_dom(tree1)
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tree2 = normalize_dom(tree2)
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# 3) Possibly strip <html>/<body> wrappers for better apples-to-apples comparison
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tree1 = strip_html_body(tree1)
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tree2 = strip_html_body(tree2)
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# 4) Compare recursively
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differences = []
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compare_nodes(tree1, tree2, differences, path="")
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return differences
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def generate_large_html(n_elements=1000):
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html = ['<!DOCTYPE html><html><head></head><body>']
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for i in range(n_elements):
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html.append(f'''
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<div class="article">
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<h2>Heading {i}</h2>
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<p>This is paragraph {i} with some content and a <a href="http://example.com/{i}">link</a></p>
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<img src="image{i}.jpg" alt="Image {i}">
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<ul>
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<li>List item {i}.1</li>
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<li>List item {i}.2</li>
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</ul>
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</div>
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''')
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html.append('</body></html>')
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return ''.join(html)
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def generate_complicated_html():
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"""
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HTML with multiple domains, forms, data attributes,
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various images, comments, style, and noscript to test all parameter toggles.
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"""
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return """
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<!DOCTYPE html>
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<html>
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<head>
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<title>Complicated Test Page</title>
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<meta name="description" content="A very complicated page for testing.">
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<style>
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.hidden { display: none; }
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.highlight { color: red; }
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</style>
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</head>
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<body>
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<!-- This is a comment that we may remove if remove_comments=True -->
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<header>
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<h1>Main Title of the Page</h1>
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<nav>
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<a href="http://example.com/home">Home</a>
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<a href="http://social.com/profile">Social Profile</a>
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<a href="javascript:void(0)">JS Void Link</a>
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</nav>
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</header>
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<noscript>
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<p>JavaScript is disabled or not supported.</p>
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</noscript>
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<form action="submit.php" method="post">
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<input type="text" name="username" />
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<button type="submit">Submit</button>
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</form>
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<section>
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<article>
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<h2>Article Title</h2>
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<p>
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This paragraph has a good amount of text to exceed word_count_threshold if it's
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set to something small. But it might not exceed a very high threshold.
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</p>
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<img src="http://images.example.com/photo.jpg" alt="Descriptive alt text"
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style="width:200px;height:150px;" data-lazy="true">
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<img src="icon.png" alt="Icon" style="display:none;">
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<p>Another short text. <a href="/local-link">Local Link</a></p>
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</article>
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</section>
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<section id="promo-section">
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<p>Promo text <a href="http://ads.example.com/ad">Ad Link</a></p>
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</section>
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<aside class="sidebar">
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<img src="data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAA..." alt="Base64 Image">
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<div data-info="secret" class="social-widget">
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<p>Follow us on <a href="http://facebook.com/brand">Facebook</a></p>
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</div>
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</aside>
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<!-- Another comment below this line -->
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<script>console.log("script that might be removed");</script>
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<div style="display:none;">
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<p>This is hidden</p>
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</div>
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<footer>
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<small>Footer Info © 2025</small>
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</footer>
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</body>
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</html>
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"""
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def get_test_scenarios():
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"""
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Returns a dictionary of parameter sets (test scenarios) for the scraper.
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Each scenario name maps to a dictionary of keyword arguments
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that will be passed into scrap() for testing various features.
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"""
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TEST_SCENARIOS = {
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# "default": {},
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# "exclude_domains": {
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# "exclude_domains": {"images.example.com", "ads.example.com"}
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# },
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# "exclude_social_media_links": {
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# "exclude_social_media_links": True
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# },
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# "high_word_threshold": {
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# "word_count_threshold": 100
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# },
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# "keep_data_attrs": {
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# "keep_data_attributes": True
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# },
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# "remove_forms_and_comments": {
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# "remove_forms": True,
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# "remove_comments": True
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# },
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# "exclude_tags_and_selector": {
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# "excluded_tags": ["aside", "script"],
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# "excluded_selector": ".social-widget"
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# },
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# "only_text_mode": {
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# "only_text": True
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# },
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# "combo_mode": {
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# "exclude_domains": {"images.example.com", "ads.example.com"},
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# "exclude_social_media_links": True,
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# "remove_forms": True,
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# "remove_comments": True,
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# "excluded_tags": ["aside"],
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# "excluded_selector": "#promo-section",
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# "only_text": False,
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# "keep_data_attributes": True,
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# "word_count_threshold": 20
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# },
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# "exclude_external_images": {
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# "exclude_external_images": True,
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# "exclude_social_media_links": True
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# },
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# "strict_image_scoring": {
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# "image_score_threshold": 3,
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# "image_description_min_word_threshold": 10
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# },
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# "custom_css_selector": {
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# "css_selector": "section#promo-section"
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# },
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# "remove_noscript": {
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# "excluded_tags": ["noscript"]
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# },
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# "exclude_external_links": {
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# "exclude_external_links": True
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# },
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# "large_word_count": {
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# "word_count_threshold": 500
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# },
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# "super_strict_images": {
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# "image_score_threshold": 5,
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# "image_description_min_word_threshold": 15
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# },
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# "exclude_style_and_script": {
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# "excluded_tags": ["style", "script"]
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# },
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# "keep_data_and_remove_forms": {
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# "keep_data_attributes": True,
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# "remove_forms": True
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# },
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# "only_text_high_word_count": {
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# "only_text": True,
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# "word_count_threshold": 40
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# },
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# "reduce_to_selector": {
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# "css_selector": "section > article"
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# },
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# "exclude_all_links": {
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# # Removes all external links and also excludes example.com & social.com
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# "exclude_domains": {"example.com", "social.com", "facebook.com"},
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# "exclude_external_links": True
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# },
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# "comprehensive_removal": {
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# # Exclude multiple tags, remove forms & comments,
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# # and also remove targeted selectors
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# "excluded_tags": ["aside", "noscript", "script"],
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# "excluded_selector": "#promo-section, .social-widget",
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# "remove_comments": True,
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# "remove_forms": True
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# }
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}
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return TEST_SCENARIOS
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class ScraperEquivalenceTester:
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def __init__(self):
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self.test_cases = {
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'basic': self.generate_basic_html(),
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'complex': self.generate_complex_html(),
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'malformed': self.generate_malformed_html(),
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# 'real_world': self.load_real_samples()
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}
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def generate_basic_html(self):
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return generate_large_html(1000) # Your existing function
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def generate_complex_html(self):
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return """
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<html><body>
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<div class="nested-content">
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<article>
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<h1>Main Title</h1>
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<img src="test.jpg" srcset="test-1x.jpg 1x, test-2x.jpg 2x" data-src="lazy.jpg">
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<p>Text with <a href="http://test.com">mixed <b>formatting</b></a></p>
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<iframe src="embedded.html"></iframe>
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</article>
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<nav>
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<ul>
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<li><a href="/page1">Link 1</a></li>
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<li><a href="javascript:void(0)">JS Link</a></li>
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</ul>
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</nav>
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</div>
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</body></html>
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"""
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def generate_malformed_html(self):
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return """
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<div>Unclosed div
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<p>Unclosed paragraph
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<a href="test.com">Link</a>
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<img src=no-quotes>
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<script>document.write("<div>Dynamic</div>");</script>
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<!-- Malformed comment -- > -->
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<![CDATA[Test CDATA]]>
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"""
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def load_real_samples(self):
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# Load some real-world HTML samples you've collected
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samples = {
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'article': open('tests/samples/article.html').read(),
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'product': open('tests/samples/product.html').read(),
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'blog': open('tests/samples/blog.html').read()
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}
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return samples
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def deep_compare_links(self, old_links: Dict, new_links: Dict) -> List[str]:
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"""Detailed comparison of link structures"""
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differences = []
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for category in ['internal', 'external']:
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old_urls = {link['href'] for link in old_links[category]}
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new_urls = {link['href'] for link in new_links[category]}
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missing = old_urls - new_urls
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extra = new_urls - old_urls
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if missing:
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differences.append(f"Missing {category} links: {missing}")
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if extra:
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differences.append(f"Extra {category} links: {extra}")
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# Compare link attributes for common URLs
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common = old_urls & new_urls
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for url in common:
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old_link = next(l for l in old_links[category] if l['href'] == url)
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new_link = next(l for l in new_links[category] if l['href'] == url)
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for attr in ['text', 'title']:
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if old_link[attr] != new_link[attr]:
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differences.append(
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f"Link attribute mismatch for {url} - {attr}:"
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f" old='{old_link[attr]}' vs new='{new_link[attr]}'"
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)
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return differences
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def deep_compare_media(self, old_media: Dict, new_media: Dict) -> List[str]:
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"""Detailed comparison of media elements"""
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differences = []
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for media_type in ['images', 'videos', 'audios']:
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old_srcs = {item['src'] for item in old_media[media_type]}
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new_srcs = {item['src'] for item in new_media[media_type]}
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missing = old_srcs - new_srcs
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extra = new_srcs - old_srcs
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if missing:
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differences.append(f"Missing {media_type}: {missing}")
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if extra:
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differences.append(f"Extra {media_type}: {extra}")
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# Compare media attributes for common sources
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common = old_srcs & new_srcs
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for src in common:
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old_item = next(m for m in old_media[media_type] if m['src'] == src)
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new_item = next(m for m in new_media[media_type] if m['src'] == src)
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for attr in ['alt', 'description']:
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if old_item.get(attr) != new_item.get(attr):
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differences.append(
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f"{media_type} attribute mismatch for {src} - {attr}:"
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f" old='{old_item.get(attr)}' vs new='{new_item.get(attr)}'"
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)
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return differences
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def compare_html_content(self, old_html: str, new_html: str) -> List[str]:
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"""Compare HTML content structure and text"""
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# return compare_html_structurally(old_html, new_html)
|
||||
differences = []
|
||||
|
||||
def normalize_html(html: str) -> Tuple[str, str]:
|
||||
soup = BeautifulSoup(html, 'lxml')
|
||||
# Get both structure and text
|
||||
structure = ' '.join(tag.name for tag in soup.find_all())
|
||||
text = ' '.join(soup.get_text().split())
|
||||
return structure, text
|
||||
|
||||
old_structure, old_text = normalize_html(old_html)
|
||||
new_structure, new_text = normalize_html(new_html)
|
||||
|
||||
# Compare structure
|
||||
if abs(len(old_structure) - len(new_structure)) > 100:
|
||||
# if old_structure != new_structure:
|
||||
diff = difflib.unified_diff(
|
||||
old_structure.split(),
|
||||
new_structure.split(),
|
||||
lineterm=''
|
||||
)
|
||||
differences.append("HTML structure differences:\n" + '\n'.join(diff))
|
||||
|
||||
# Compare text content
|
||||
if abs(len(old_text) - len(new_text)) > 100:
|
||||
# if old_text != new_text:
|
||||
# Show detailed text differences
|
||||
text_diff = difflib.unified_diff(
|
||||
old_text.split(),
|
||||
new_text.split(),
|
||||
lineterm=''
|
||||
)
|
||||
differences.append("Text content differences:\n" + '\n'.join(text_diff))
|
||||
|
||||
return differences
|
||||
|
||||
def compare_results(self, old_result: Dict, new_result: Dict) -> Dict[str, List[str]]:
|
||||
"""Comprehensive comparison of scraper outputs"""
|
||||
differences = {}
|
||||
|
||||
# Compare links
|
||||
link_differences = self.deep_compare_links(old_result['links'], new_result['links'])
|
||||
if link_differences:
|
||||
differences['links'] = link_differences
|
||||
|
||||
# Compare media
|
||||
media_differences = self.deep_compare_media(old_result['media'], new_result['media'])
|
||||
if media_differences:
|
||||
differences['media'] = media_differences
|
||||
|
||||
# Compare HTML
|
||||
html_differences = self.compare_html_content(
|
||||
old_result['cleaned_html'],
|
||||
new_result['cleaned_html']
|
||||
)
|
||||
if html_differences:
|
||||
differences['html'] = html_differences
|
||||
|
||||
return differences
|
||||
|
||||
def run_tests(self) -> Dict:
|
||||
"""Run comparison tests using the complicated HTML with multiple parameter scenarios."""
|
||||
# We'll still keep some "test_cases" logic from above (basic, complex, malformed).
|
||||
# But we add a new section for the complicated HTML scenarios.
|
||||
|
||||
results = {
|
||||
'tests': [],
|
||||
'summary': {'passed': 0, 'failed': 0}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
# 1) First, run the existing 3 built-in test cases (basic, complex, malformed).
|
||||
# for case_name, html in self.test_cases.items():
|
||||
# print(f"\nTesting built-in case: {case_name}...")
|
||||
|
||||
# original = WebScrapingStrategy()
|
||||
# lxml = LXMLWebScrapingStrategy()
|
||||
|
||||
# start = time.time()
|
||||
# orig_result = original.scrap("http://test.com", html)
|
||||
# orig_time = time.time() - start
|
||||
|
||||
# print("\nOriginal Mode:")
|
||||
# print(f"Cleaned HTML size: {len(orig_result['cleaned_html'])/1024:.2f} KB")
|
||||
# print(f"Images: {len(orig_result['media']['images'])}")
|
||||
# print(f"External links: {len(orig_result['links']['external'])}")
|
||||
# print(f"Times - Original: {orig_time:.3f}s")
|
||||
|
||||
# start = time.time()
|
||||
# lxml_result = lxml.scrap("http://test.com", html)
|
||||
# lxml_time = time.time() - start
|
||||
|
||||
# print("\nLXML Mode:")
|
||||
# print(f"Cleaned HTML size: {len(lxml_result['cleaned_html'])/1024:.2f} KB")
|
||||
# print(f"Images: {len(lxml_result['media']['images'])}")
|
||||
# print(f"External links: {len(lxml_result['links']['external'])}")
|
||||
# print(f"Times - LXML: {lxml_time:.3f}s")
|
||||
|
||||
# # Compare
|
||||
# diffs = {}
|
||||
# link_diff = self.deep_compare_links(orig_result['links'], lxml_result['links'])
|
||||
# if link_diff:
|
||||
# diffs['links'] = link_diff
|
||||
|
||||
# media_diff = self.deep_compare_media(orig_result['media'], lxml_result['media'])
|
||||
# if media_diff:
|
||||
# diffs['media'] = media_diff
|
||||
|
||||
# html_diff = self.compare_html_content(orig_result['cleaned_html'], lxml_result['cleaned_html'])
|
||||
# if html_diff:
|
||||
# diffs['html'] = html_diff
|
||||
|
||||
# test_result = {
|
||||
# 'case': case_name,
|
||||
# 'lxml_mode': {
|
||||
# 'differences': diffs,
|
||||
# 'execution_time': lxml_time
|
||||
# },
|
||||
# 'original_time': orig_time
|
||||
# }
|
||||
# results['tests'].append(test_result)
|
||||
|
||||
# if not diffs:
|
||||
# results['summary']['passed'] += 1
|
||||
# else:
|
||||
# results['summary']['failed'] += 1
|
||||
|
||||
# 2) Now, run the complicated HTML with multiple parameter scenarios.
|
||||
complicated_html = generate_complicated_html()
|
||||
print("\n=== Testing complicated HTML with multiple parameter scenarios ===")
|
||||
|
||||
# Create the scrapers once (or you can re-create if needed)
|
||||
original = WebScrapingStrategy()
|
||||
lxml = LXMLWebScrapingStrategy()
|
||||
|
||||
for scenario_name, params in get_test_scenarios().items():
|
||||
print(f"\nScenario: {scenario_name}")
|
||||
|
||||
start = time.time()
|
||||
orig_result = original.scrap("http://test.com", complicated_html, **params)
|
||||
orig_time = time.time() - start
|
||||
|
||||
start = time.time()
|
||||
lxml_result = lxml.scrap("http://test.com", complicated_html, **params)
|
||||
lxml_time = time.time() - start
|
||||
|
||||
diffs = {}
|
||||
link_diff = self.deep_compare_links(orig_result['links'], lxml_result['links'])
|
||||
if link_diff:
|
||||
diffs['links'] = link_diff
|
||||
|
||||
media_diff = self.deep_compare_media(orig_result['media'], lxml_result['media'])
|
||||
if media_diff:
|
||||
diffs['media'] = media_diff
|
||||
|
||||
html_diff = self.compare_html_content(orig_result['cleaned_html'], lxml_result['cleaned_html'])
|
||||
if html_diff:
|
||||
diffs['html'] = html_diff
|
||||
|
||||
test_result = {
|
||||
'case': f"complicated_{scenario_name}",
|
||||
'lxml_mode': {
|
||||
'differences': diffs,
|
||||
'execution_time': lxml_time
|
||||
},
|
||||
'original_time': orig_time
|
||||
}
|
||||
results['tests'].append(test_result)
|
||||
|
||||
if not diffs:
|
||||
results['summary']['passed'] += 1
|
||||
print(f"✅ [OK] No differences found. Time(Orig: {orig_time:.3f}s, LXML: {lxml_time:.3f}s)")
|
||||
else:
|
||||
results['summary']['failed'] += 1
|
||||
print("❌ Differences found:")
|
||||
for category, dlist in diffs.items():
|
||||
print(f" {category}:")
|
||||
for d in dlist:
|
||||
print(f" - {d}")
|
||||
|
||||
return results
|
||||
|
||||
def print_report(self, results: Dict):
|
||||
"""Generate detailed equivalence report"""
|
||||
print("\n=== Scraper Equivalence Test Report ===\n")
|
||||
print(f"Total Cases: {len(results['tests'])}")
|
||||
print(f"Passed: {results['summary']['passed']}")
|
||||
print(f"Failed: {results['summary']['failed']}")
|
||||
|
||||
for test in results['tests']:
|
||||
print(f"\nTest Case: {test['case']}")
|
||||
|
||||
if not test['lxml_mode']['differences']:
|
||||
print("✅ All implementations produced identical results")
|
||||
print(f"Times - Original: {test['original_time']:.3f}s, "
|
||||
f"LXML: {test['lxml_mode']['execution_time']:.3f}s")
|
||||
else:
|
||||
print("❌ Differences found:")
|
||||
|
||||
if test['lxml_mode']['differences']:
|
||||
print("\nLXML Mode Differences:")
|
||||
for category, diffs in test['lxml_mode']['differences'].items():
|
||||
print(f"\n{category}:")
|
||||
for diff in diffs:
|
||||
print(f" - {diff}")
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
def main():
|
||||
tester = ScraperEquivalenceTester()
|
||||
results = tester.run_tests()
|
||||
tester.print_report(results)
|
||||
|
||||
# Save detailed results for debugging
|
||||
with open('scraper_equivalence_results.json', 'w') as f:
|
||||
json.dump(results, f, indent=2)
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
if __name__ == "__main__":
|
||||
main()
|
||||
Reference in New Issue
Block a user