Fix: Ensure all skills are tracked as files, not submodules

2026-01-14 18:48:48 +01:00
parent 7f46ed8ca1
commit 8bd204708b
1113 changed files with 82065 additions and 2 deletions
--- a/skills/claude-d3js-skill/references/colour-schemes.md
+++ b/skills/claude-d3js-skill/references/colour-schemes.md
@@ -0,0 +1,564 @@
+# D3.js Colour Schemes and Palette Recommendations
+
+Comprehensive guide to colour selection in data visualisation with d3.js.
+
+## Built-in categorical colour schemes
+
+### Category10 (default)
+
+```javascript
+d3.schemeCategory10
+// ['#1f77b4', '#ff7f0e', '#2ca02c', '#d62728', '#9467bd',
+//  '#8c564b', '#e377c2', '#7f7f7f', '#bcbd22', '#17becf']
+```
+
+**Characteristics:**
+- 10 distinct colours
+- Good colour-blind accessibility
+- Default choice for most categorical data
+- Balanced saturation and brightness
+
+**Use cases:** General purpose categorical encoding, legend items, multiple data series
+
+### Tableau10
+
+```javascript
+d3.schemeTableau10
+```
+
+**Characteristics:**
+- 10 colours optimised for data visualisation
+- Professional appearance
+- Excellent distinguishability
+
+**Use cases:** Business dashboards, professional reports, presentations
+
+### Accent
+
+```javascript
+d3.schemeAccent
+// 8 colours with high saturation
+```
+
+**Characteristics:**
+- Bright, vibrant colours
+- High contrast
+- Modern aesthetic
+
+**Use cases:** Highlighting important categories, modern web applications
+
+### Dark2
+
+```javascript
+d3.schemeDark2
+// 8 darker, muted colours
+```
+
+**Characteristics:**
+- Subdued palette
+- Professional appearance
+- Good for dark backgrounds
+
+**Use cases:** Dark mode visualisations, professional contexts
+
+### Paired
+
+```javascript
+d3.schemePaired
+// 12 colours in pairs of similar hues
+```
+
+**Characteristics:**
+- Pairs of light and dark variants
+- Useful for nested categories
+- 12 distinct colours
+
+**Use cases:** Grouped bar charts, hierarchical categories, before/after comparisons
+
+### Pastel1 & Pastel2
+
+```javascript
+d3.schemePastel1 // 9 colours
+d3.schemePastel2 // 8 colours
+```
+
+**Characteristics:**
+- Soft, low-saturation colours
+- Gentle appearance
+- Good for large areas
+
+**Use cases:** Background colours, subtle categorisation, calming visualisations
+
+### Set1, Set2, Set3
+
+```javascript
+d3.schemeSet1 // 9 colours - vivid
+d3.schemeSet2 // 8 colours - muted
+d3.schemeSet3 // 12 colours - pastel
+```
+
+**Characteristics:**
+- Set1: High saturation, maximum distinction
+- Set2: Professional, balanced
+- Set3: Subtle, many categories
+
+**Use cases:** Varied based on visual hierarchy needs
+
+## Sequential colour schemes
+
+Sequential schemes map continuous data from low to high values using a single hue or gradient.
+
+### Single-hue sequential
+
+**Blues:**
+```javascript
+d3.interpolateBlues
+d3.schemeBlues[9] // 9-step discrete version
+```
+
+**Other single-hue options:**
+- `d3.interpolateGreens` / `d3.schemeGreens`
+- `d3.interpolateOranges` / `d3.schemeOranges`
+- `d3.interpolatePurples` / `d3.schemePurples`
+- `d3.interpolateReds` / `d3.schemeReds`
+- `d3.interpolateGreys` / `d3.schemeGreys`
+
+**Use cases:**
+- Simple heat maps
+- Choropleth maps
+- Density plots
+- Single-metric visualisations
+
+### Multi-hue sequential
+
+**Viridis (recommended):**
+```javascript
+d3.interpolateViridis
+```
+
+**Characteristics:**
+- Perceptually uniform
+- Colour-blind friendly
+- Print-safe
+- No visual dead zones
+- Monotonically increasing perceived lightness
+
+**Other perceptually-uniform options:**
+- `d3.interpolatePlasma` - Purple to yellow
+- `d3.interpolateInferno` - Black to white through red/orange
+- `d3.interpolateMagma` - Black to white through purple
+- `d3.interpolateCividis` - Colour-blind optimised
+
+**Colour-blind accessible:**
+```javascript
+d3.interpolateTurbo // Rainbow-like but perceptually uniform
+d3.interpolateCool  // Cyan to magenta
+d3.interpolateWarm  // Orange to yellow
+```
+
+**Use cases:**
+- Scientific visualisation
+- Medical imaging
+- Any high-precision data visualisation
+- Accessible visualisations
+
+### Traditional sequential
+
+**Yellow-Orange-Red:**
+```javascript
+d3.interpolateYlOrRd
+d3.schemeYlOrRd[9]
+```
+
+**Yellow-Green-Blue:**
+```javascript
+d3.interpolateYlGnBu
+d3.schemeYlGnBu[9]
+```
+
+**Other multi-hue:**
+- `d3.interpolateBuGn` - Blue to green
+- `d3.interpolateBuPu` - Blue to purple
+- `d3.interpolateGnBu` - Green to blue
+- `d3.interpolateOrRd` - Orange to red
+- `d3.interpolatePuBu` - Purple to blue
+- `d3.interpolatePuBuGn` - Purple to blue-green
+- `d3.interpolatePuRd` - Purple to red
+- `d3.interpolateRdPu` - Red to purple
+- `d3.interpolateYlGn` - Yellow to green
+- `d3.interpolateYlOrBr` - Yellow to orange-brown
+
+**Use cases:** Traditional data visualisation, familiar colour associations (temperature, vegetation, water)
+
+## Diverging colour schemes
+
+Diverging schemes highlight deviations from a central value using two distinct hues.
+
+### Red-Blue (temperature)
+
+```javascript
+d3.interpolateRdBu
+d3.schemeRdBu[11]
+```
+
+**Characteristics:**
+- Intuitive temperature metaphor
+- Strong contrast
+- Clear positive/negative distinction
+
+**Use cases:** Temperature, profit/loss, above/below average, correlation
+
+### Red-Yellow-Blue
+
+```javascript
+d3.interpolateRdYlBu
+d3.schemeRdYlBu[11]
+```
+
+**Characteristics:**
+- Three-colour gradient
+- Softer transition through yellow
+- More visual steps
+
+**Use cases:** When extreme values need emphasis and middle needs visibility
+
+### Other diverging schemes
+
+**Traffic light:**
+```javascript
+d3.interpolateRdYlGn // Red (bad) to green (good)
+```
+
+**Spectral (rainbow):**
+```javascript
+d3.interpolateSpectral // Full spectrum
+```
+
+**Other options:**
+- `d3.interpolateBrBG` - Brown to blue-green
+- `d3.interpolatePiYG` - Pink to yellow-green
+- `d3.interpolatePRGn` - Purple to green
+- `d3.interpolatePuOr` - Purple to orange
+- `d3.interpolateRdGy` - Red to grey
+
+**Use cases:** Choose based on semantic meaning and accessibility needs
+
+## Colour-blind friendly palettes
+
+### General guidelines
+
+1. **Avoid red-green combinations** (most common colour blindness)
+2. **Use blue-orange diverging** instead of red-green
+3. **Add texture or patterns** as redundant encoding
+4. **Test with simulation tools**
+
+### Recommended colour-blind safe schemes
+
+**Categorical:**
+```javascript
+// Okabe-Ito palette (colour-blind safe)
+const okabePalette = [
+  '#E69F00', // Orange
+  '#56B4E9', // Sky blue
+  '#009E73', // Bluish green
+  '#F0E442', // Yellow
+  '#0072B2', // Blue
+  '#D55E00', // Vermillion
+  '#CC79A7', // Reddish purple
+  '#000000'  // Black
+];
+
+const colourScale = d3.scaleOrdinal()
+  .domain(categories)
+  .range(okabePalette);
+```
+
+**Sequential:**
+```javascript
+// Use Viridis, Cividis, or Blues
+d3.interpolateViridis  // Best overall
+d3.interpolateCividis  // Optimised for CVD
+d3.interpolateBlues    // Simple, safe
+```
+
+**Diverging:**
+```javascript
+// Use blue-orange instead of red-green
+d3.interpolateBrBG
+d3.interpolatePuOr
+```
+
+## Custom colour palettes
+
+### Creating custom sequential
+
+```javascript
+const customSequential = d3.scaleLinear()
+  .domain([0, 100])
+  .range(['#e8f4f8', '#006d9c']) // Light to dark blue
+  .interpolate(d3.interpolateLab); // Perceptually uniform
+```
+
+### Creating custom diverging
+
+```javascript
+const customDiverging = d3.scaleLinear()
+  .domain([0, 50, 100])
+  .range(['#ca0020', '#f7f7f7', '#0571b0']) // Red, grey, blue
+  .interpolate(d3.interpolateLab);
+```
+
+### Creating custom categorical
+
+```javascript
+// Brand colours
+const brandPalette = [
+  '#FF6B6B', // Primary red
+  '#4ECDC4', // Secondary teal
+  '#45B7D1', // Tertiary blue
+  '#FFA07A', // Accent coral
+  '#98D8C8'  // Accent mint
+];
+
+const colourScale = d3.scaleOrdinal()
+  .domain(categories)
+  .range(brandPalette);
+```
+
+## Semantic colour associations
+
+### Universal colour meanings
+
+**Red:**
+- Danger, error, negative
+- High temperature
+- Debt, loss
+
+**Green:**
+- Success, positive
+- Growth, vegetation
+- Profit, gain
+
+**Blue:**
+- Trust, calm
+- Water, cold
+- Information, neutral
+
+**Yellow/Orange:**
+- Warning, caution
+- Energy, warmth
+- Attention
+
+**Grey:**
+- Neutral, inactive
+- Missing data
+- Background
+
+### Context-specific palettes
+
+**Financial:**
+```javascript
+const financialColours = {
+  profit: '#27ae60',
+  loss: '#e74c3c',
+  neutral: '#95a5a6',
+  highlight: '#3498db'
+};
+```
+
+**Temperature:**
+```javascript
+const temperatureScale = d3.scaleSequential(d3.interpolateRdYlBu)
+  .domain([40, -10]); // Hot to cold (reversed)
+```
+
+**Traffic/Status:**
+```javascript
+const statusColours = {
+  success: '#27ae60',
+  warning: '#f39c12',
+  error: '#e74c3c',
+  info: '#3498db',
+  neutral: '#95a5a6'
+};
+```
+
+## Accessibility best practices
+
+### Contrast ratios
+
+Ensure sufficient contrast between colours and backgrounds:
+
+```javascript
+// Good contrast example
+const highContrast = {
+  background: '#ffffff',
+  text: '#2c3e50',
+  primary: '#3498db',
+  secondary: '#e74c3c'
+};
+```
+
+**WCAG guidelines:**
+- Normal text: 4.5:1 minimum
+- Large text: 3:1 minimum
+- UI components: 3:1 minimum
+
+### Redundant encoding
+
+Never rely solely on colour to convey information:
+
+```javascript
+// Add patterns or shapes
+const symbols = ['circle', 'square', 'triangle', 'diamond'];
+
+// Add text labels
+// Use line styles (solid, dashed, dotted)
+// Use size encoding
+```
+
+### Testing
+
+Test visualisations for colour blindness:
+- Chrome DevTools (Rendering > Emulate vision deficiencies)
+- Colour Oracle (free desktop application)
+- Coblis (online simulator)
+
+## Professional colour recommendations
+
+### Data journalism
+
+```javascript
+// Guardian style
+const guardianPalette = [
+  '#005689', // Guardian blue
+  '#c70000', // Guardian red
+  '#7d0068', // Guardian pink
+  '#951c75', // Guardian purple
+];
+
+// FT style
+const ftPalette = [
+  '#0f5499', // FT blue
+  '#990f3d', // FT red
+  '#593380', // FT purple
+  '#262a33', // FT black
+];
+```
+
+### Academic/Scientific
+
+```javascript
+// Nature journal style
+const naturePalette = [
+  '#0071b2', // Blue
+  '#d55e00', // Vermillion
+  '#009e73', // Green
+  '#f0e442', // Yellow
+];
+
+// Use Viridis for continuous data
+const scientificScale = d3.scaleSequential(d3.interpolateViridis);
+```
+
+### Corporate/Business
+
+```javascript
+// Professional, conservative
+const corporatePalette = [
+  '#003f5c', // Dark blue
+  '#58508d', // Purple
+  '#bc5090', // Magenta
+  '#ff6361', // Coral
+  '#ffa600'  // Orange
+];
+```
+
+## Dynamic colour selection
+
+### Based on data range
+
+```javascript
+function selectColourScheme(data) {
+  const extent = d3.extent(data);
+  const hasNegative = extent[0] < 0;
+  const hasPositive = extent[1] > 0;
+  
+  if (hasNegative && hasPositive) {
+    // Diverging: data crosses zero
+    return d3.scaleSequentialSymlog(d3.interpolateRdBu)
+      .domain([extent[0], 0, extent[1]]);
+  } else {
+    // Sequential: all positive or all negative
+    return d3.scaleSequential(d3.interpolateViridis)
+      .domain(extent);
+  }
+}
+```
+
+### Based on category count
+
+```javascript
+function selectCategoricalScheme(categories) {
+  const n = categories.length;
+  
+  if (n <= 10) {
+    return d3.scaleOrdinal(d3.schemeTableau10);
+  } else if (n <= 12) {
+    return d3.scaleOrdinal(d3.schemePaired);
+  } else {
+    // For many categories, use sequential with quantize
+    return d3.scaleQuantize()
+      .domain([0, n - 1])
+      .range(d3.quantize(d3.interpolateRainbow, n));
+  }
+}
+```
+
+## Common colour mistakes to avoid
+
+1. **Rainbow gradients for sequential data**
+   - Problem: Not perceptually uniform, hard to read
+   - Solution: Use Viridis, Blues, or other uniform schemes
+
+2. **Red-green for diverging (colour blindness)**
+   - Problem: 8% of males can't distinguish
+   - Solution: Use blue-orange or purple-green
+
+3. **Too many categorical colours**
+   - Problem: Hard to distinguish and remember
+   - Solution: Limit to 5-8 categories, use grouping
+
+4. **Insufficient contrast**
+   - Problem: Poor readability
+   - Solution: Test contrast ratios, use darker colours on light backgrounds
+
+5. **Culturally inconsistent colours**
+   - Problem: Confusing semantic meaning
+   - Solution: Research colour associations for target audience
+
+6. **Inverted temperature scales**
+   - Problem: Counterintuitive (red = cold)
+   - Solution: Red/orange = hot, blue = cold
+
+## Quick reference guide
+
+**Need to show...**
+
+- **Categories (≤10):** `d3.schemeCategory10` or `d3.schemeTableau10`
+- **Categories (>10):** `d3.schemePaired` or group categories
+- **Sequential (general):** `d3.interpolateViridis`
+- **Sequential (scientific):** `d3.interpolateViridis` or `d3.interpolatePlasma`
+- **Sequential (temperature):** `d3.interpolateRdYlBu` (inverted)
+- **Diverging (zero):** `d3.interpolateRdBu` or `d3.interpolateBrBG`
+- **Diverging (good/bad):** `d3.interpolateRdYlGn` (inverted)
+- **Colour-blind safe (categorical):** Okabe-Ito palette (shown above)
+- **Colour-blind safe (sequential):** `d3.interpolateCividis` or `d3.interpolateBlues`
+- **Colour-blind safe (diverging):** `d3.interpolatePuOr` or `d3.interpolateBrBG`
+
+**Always remember:**
+1. Test for colour-blindness
+2. Ensure sufficient contrast
+3. Use semantic colours appropriately
+4. Add redundant encoding (patterns, labels)
+5. Keep it simple (fewer colours = clearer visualisation)
--- a/skills/claude-d3js-skill/references/d3-patterns.md
+++ b/skills/claude-d3js-skill/references/d3-patterns.md
@@ -0,0 +1,869 @@
+# D3.js Visualisation Patterns
+
+This reference provides detailed code patterns for common d3.js visualisation types.
+
+## Hierarchical visualisations
+
+### Tree diagram
+
+```javascript
+useEffect(() => {
+  if (!data) return;
+  
+  const svg = d3.select(svgRef.current);
+  svg.selectAll("*").remove();
+  
+  const width = 800;
+  const height = 600;
+  
+  const tree = d3.tree().size([height - 100, width - 200]);
+  
+  const root = d3.hierarchy(data);
+  tree(root);
+  
+  const g = svg.append("g")
+    .attr("transform", "translate(100,50)");
+  
+  // Links
+  g.selectAll("path")
+    .data(root.links())
+    .join("path")
+    .attr("d", d3.linkHorizontal()
+      .x(d => d.y)
+      .y(d => d.x))
+    .attr("fill", "none")
+    .attr("stroke", "#555")
+    .attr("stroke-width", 2);
+  
+  // Nodes
+  const node = g.selectAll("g")
+    .data(root.descendants())
+    .join("g")
+    .attr("transform", d => `translate(${d.y},${d.x})`);
+  
+  node.append("circle")
+    .attr("r", 6)
+    .attr("fill", d => d.children ? "#555" : "#999");
+  
+  node.append("text")
+    .attr("dy", "0.31em")
+    .attr("x", d => d.children ? -8 : 8)
+    .attr("text-anchor", d => d.children ? "end" : "start")
+    .text(d => d.data.name)
+    .style("font-size", "12px");
+    
+}, [data]);
+```
+
+### Treemap
+
+```javascript
+useEffect(() => {
+  if (!data) return;
+  
+  const svg = d3.select(svgRef.current);
+  svg.selectAll("*").remove();
+  
+  const width = 800;
+  const height = 600;
+  
+  const root = d3.hierarchy(data)
+    .sum(d => d.value)
+    .sort((a, b) => b.value - a.value);
+  
+  d3.treemap()
+    .size([width, height])
+    .padding(2)
+    .round(true)(root);
+  
+  const colourScale = d3.scaleOrdinal(d3.schemeCategory10);
+  
+  const cell = svg.selectAll("g")
+    .data(root.leaves())
+    .join("g")
+    .attr("transform", d => `translate(${d.x0},${d.y0})`);
+  
+  cell.append("rect")
+    .attr("width", d => d.x1 - d.x0)
+    .attr("height", d => d.y1 - d.y0)
+    .attr("fill", d => colourScale(d.parent.data.name))
+    .attr("stroke", "white")
+    .attr("stroke-width", 2);
+  
+  cell.append("text")
+    .attr("x", 4)
+    .attr("y", 16)
+    .text(d => d.data.name)
+    .style("font-size", "12px")
+    .style("fill", "white");
+    
+}, [data]);
+```
+
+### Sunburst diagram
+
+```javascript
+useEffect(() => {
+  if (!data) return;
+  
+  const svg = d3.select(svgRef.current);
+  svg.selectAll("*").remove();
+  
+  const width = 600;
+  const height = 600;
+  const radius = Math.min(width, height) / 2;
+  
+  const root = d3.hierarchy(data)
+    .sum(d => d.value)
+    .sort((a, b) => b.value - a.value);
+  
+  const partition = d3.partition()
+    .size([2 * Math.PI, radius]);
+  
+  partition(root);
+  
+  const arc = d3.arc()
+    .startAngle(d => d.x0)
+    .endAngle(d => d.x1)
+    .innerRadius(d => d.y0)
+    .outerRadius(d => d.y1);
+  
+  const colourScale = d3.scaleOrdinal(d3.schemeCategory10);
+  
+  const g = svg.append("g")
+    .attr("transform", `translate(${width / 2},${height / 2})`);
+  
+  g.selectAll("path")
+    .data(root.descendants())
+    .join("path")
+    .attr("d", arc)
+    .attr("fill", d => colourScale(d.depth))
+    .attr("stroke", "white")
+    .attr("stroke-width", 1);
+    
+}, [data]);
+```
+
+### Chord diagram
+
+```javascript
+function drawChordDiagram(data) {
+  // data format: array of objects with source, target, and value
+  // Example: [{ source: 'A', target: 'B', value: 10 }, ...]
+
+  if (!data || data.length === 0) return;
+
+  const svg = d3.select('#chart');
+  svg.selectAll("*").remove();
+
+  const width = 600;
+  const height = 600;
+  const innerRadius = Math.min(width, height) * 0.3;
+  const outerRadius = innerRadius + 30;
+
+  // Create matrix from data
+  const nodes = Array.from(new Set(data.flatMap(d => [d.source, d.target])));
+  const matrix = Array.from({ length: nodes.length }, () => Array(nodes.length).fill(0));
+
+  data.forEach(d => {
+    const i = nodes.indexOf(d.source);
+    const j = nodes.indexOf(d.target);
+    matrix[i][j] += d.value;
+    matrix[j][i] += d.value;
+  });
+
+  // Create chord layout
+  const chord = d3.chord()
+    .padAngle(0.05)
+    .sortSubgroups(d3.descending);
+
+  const arc = d3.arc()
+    .innerRadius(innerRadius)
+    .outerRadius(outerRadius);
+
+  const ribbon = d3.ribbon()
+    .source(d => d.source)
+    .target(d => d.target);
+
+  const colourScale = d3.scaleOrdinal(d3.schemeCategory10)
+    .domain(nodes);
+
+  const g = svg.append("g")
+    .attr("transform", `translate(${width / 2},${height / 2})`);
+
+  const chords = chord(matrix);
+
+  // Draw ribbons
+  g.append("g")
+    .attr("fill-opacity", 0.67)
+    .selectAll("path")
+    .data(chords)
+    .join("path")
+    .attr("d", ribbon)
+    .attr("fill", d => colourScale(nodes[d.source.index]))
+    .attr("stroke", d => d3.rgb(colourScale(nodes[d.source.index])).darker());
+
+  // Draw groups (arcs)
+  const group = g.append("g")
+    .selectAll("g")
+    .data(chords.groups)
+    .join("g");
+
+  group.append("path")
+    .attr("d", arc)
+    .attr("fill", d => colourScale(nodes[d.index]))
+    .attr("stroke", d => d3.rgb(colourScale(nodes[d.index])).darker());
+
+  // Add labels
+  group.append("text")
+    .each(d => { d.angle = (d.startAngle + d.endAngle) / 2; })
+    .attr("dy", "0.31em")
+    .attr("transform", d => `rotate(${(d.angle * 180 / Math.PI) - 90})translate(${outerRadius + 30})${d.angle > Math.PI ? "rotate(180)" : ""}`)
+    .attr("text-anchor", d => d.angle > Math.PI ? "end" : null)
+    .text((d, i) => nodes[i])
+    .style("font-size", "12px");
+}
+
+// Data format example:
+// const data = [
+//   { source: 'Category A', target: 'Category B', value: 100 },
+//   { source: 'Category A', target: 'Category C', value: 50 },
+//   { source: 'Category B', target: 'Category C', value: 75 }
+// ];
+// drawChordDiagram(data);
+```
+
+## Advanced chart types
+
+### Heatmap
+
+```javascript
+function drawHeatmap(data) {
+  // data format: array of objects with row, column, and value
+  // Example: [{ row: 'A', column: 'X', value: 10 }, ...]
+
+  if (!data || data.length === 0) return;
+
+  const svg = d3.select('#chart');
+  svg.selectAll("*").remove();
+
+  const width = 800;
+  const height = 600;
+  const margin = { top: 100, right: 30, bottom: 30, left: 100 };
+  const innerWidth = width - margin.left - margin.right;
+  const innerHeight = height - margin.top - margin.bottom;
+
+  // Get unique rows and columns
+  const rows = Array.from(new Set(data.map(d => d.row)));
+  const columns = Array.from(new Set(data.map(d => d.column)));
+
+  const g = svg.append("g")
+    .attr("transform", `translate(${margin.left},${margin.top})`);
+
+  // Create scales
+  const xScale = d3.scaleBand()
+    .domain(columns)
+    .range([0, innerWidth])
+    .padding(0.01);
+
+  const yScale = d3.scaleBand()
+    .domain(rows)
+    .range([0, innerHeight])
+    .padding(0.01);
+
+  // Colour scale for values (sequential from light to dark red)
+  const colourScale = d3.scaleSequential(d3.interpolateYlOrRd)
+    .domain([0, d3.max(data, d => d.value)]);
+
+  // Draw rectangles
+  g.selectAll("rect")
+    .data(data)
+    .join("rect")
+    .attr("x", d => xScale(d.column))
+    .attr("y", d => yScale(d.row))
+    .attr("width", xScale.bandwidth())
+    .attr("height", yScale.bandwidth())
+    .attr("fill", d => colourScale(d.value));
+
+  // Add x-axis labels
+  svg.append("g")
+    .attr("transform", `translate(${margin.left},${margin.top})`)
+    .selectAll("text")
+    .data(columns)
+    .join("text")
+    .attr("x", d => xScale(d) + xScale.bandwidth() / 2)
+    .attr("y", -10)
+    .attr("text-anchor", "middle")
+    .text(d => d)
+    .style("font-size", "12px");
+
+  // Add y-axis labels
+  svg.append("g")
+    .attr("transform", `translate(${margin.left},${margin.top})`)
+    .selectAll("text")
+    .data(rows)
+    .join("text")
+    .attr("x", -10)
+    .attr("y", d => yScale(d) + yScale.bandwidth() / 2)
+    .attr("dy", "0.35em")
+    .attr("text-anchor", "end")
+    .text(d => d)
+    .style("font-size", "12px");
+
+  // Add colour legend
+  const legendWidth = 20;
+  const legendHeight = 200;
+  const legend = svg.append("g")
+    .attr("transform", `translate(${width - 60},${margin.top})`);
+
+  const legendScale = d3.scaleLinear()
+    .domain(colourScale.domain())
+    .range([legendHeight, 0]);
+
+  const legendAxis = d3.axisRight(legendScale).ticks(5);
+
+  // Draw colour gradient in legend
+  for (let i = 0; i < legendHeight; i++) {
+    legend.append("rect")
+      .attr("y", i)
+      .attr("width", legendWidth)
+      .attr("height", 1)
+      .attr("fill", colourScale(legendScale.invert(i)));
+  }
+
+  legend.append("g")
+    .attr("transform", `translate(${legendWidth},0)`)
+    .call(legendAxis);
+}
+
+// Data format example:
+// const data = [
+//   { row: 'Monday', column: 'Morning', value: 42 },
+//   { row: 'Monday', column: 'Afternoon', value: 78 },
+//   { row: 'Tuesday', column: 'Morning', value: 65 },
+//   { row: 'Tuesday', column: 'Afternoon', value: 55 }
+// ];
+// drawHeatmap(data);
+```
+
+### Area chart with gradient
+
+```javascript
+useEffect(() => {
+  if (!data || data.length === 0) return;
+  
+  const svg = d3.select(svgRef.current);
+  svg.selectAll("*").remove();
+  
+  const width = 800;
+  const height = 400;
+  const margin = { top: 20, right: 30, bottom: 40, left: 50 };
+  const innerWidth = width - margin.left - margin.right;
+  const innerHeight = height - margin.top - margin.bottom;
+  
+  // Define gradient
+  const defs = svg.append("defs");
+  const gradient = defs.append("linearGradient")
+    .attr("id", "areaGradient")
+    .attr("x1", "0%")
+    .attr("x2", "0%")
+    .attr("y1", "0%")
+    .attr("y2", "100%");
+  
+  gradient.append("stop")
+    .attr("offset", "0%")
+    .attr("stop-color", "steelblue")
+    .attr("stop-opacity", 0.8);
+  
+  gradient.append("stop")
+    .attr("offset", "100%")
+    .attr("stop-color", "steelblue")
+    .attr("stop-opacity", 0.1);
+  
+  const g = svg.append("g")
+    .attr("transform", `translate(${margin.left},${margin.top})`);
+  
+  const xScale = d3.scaleTime()
+    .domain(d3.extent(data, d => d.date))
+    .range([0, innerWidth]);
+  
+  const yScale = d3.scaleLinear()
+    .domain([0, d3.max(data, d => d.value)])
+    .range([innerHeight, 0]);
+  
+  const area = d3.area()
+    .x(d => xScale(d.date))
+    .y0(innerHeight)
+    .y1(d => yScale(d.value))
+    .curve(d3.curveMonotoneX);
+  
+  g.append("path")
+    .datum(data)
+    .attr("fill", "url(#areaGradient)")
+    .attr("d", area);
+  
+  const line = d3.line()
+    .x(d => xScale(d.date))
+    .y(d => yScale(d.value))
+    .curve(d3.curveMonotoneX);
+  
+  g.append("path")
+    .datum(data)
+    .attr("fill", "none")
+    .attr("stroke", "steelblue")
+    .attr("stroke-width", 2)
+    .attr("d", line);
+  
+  g.append("g")
+    .attr("transform", `translate(0,${innerHeight})`)
+    .call(d3.axisBottom(xScale));
+  
+  g.append("g")
+    .call(d3.axisLeft(yScale));
+    
+}, [data]);
+```
+
+### Stacked bar chart
+
+```javascript
+useEffect(() => {
+  if (!data || data.length === 0) return;
+  
+  const svg = d3.select(svgRef.current);
+  svg.selectAll("*").remove();
+  
+  const width = 800;
+  const height = 400;
+  const margin = { top: 20, right: 30, bottom: 40, left: 50 };
+  const innerWidth = width - margin.left - margin.right;
+  const innerHeight = height - margin.top - margin.bottom;
+  
+  const g = svg.append("g")
+    .attr("transform", `translate(${margin.left},${margin.top})`);
+  
+  const categories = Object.keys(data[0]).filter(k => k !== 'group');
+  const stackedData = d3.stack().keys(categories)(data);
+  
+  const xScale = d3.scaleBand()
+    .domain(data.map(d => d.group))
+    .range([0, innerWidth])
+    .padding(0.1);
+  
+  const yScale = d3.scaleLinear()
+    .domain([0, d3.max(stackedData[stackedData.length - 1], d => d[1])])
+    .range([innerHeight, 0]);
+  
+  const colourScale = d3.scaleOrdinal(d3.schemeCategory10);
+  
+  g.selectAll("g")
+    .data(stackedData)
+    .join("g")
+    .attr("fill", (d, i) => colourScale(i))
+    .selectAll("rect")
+    .data(d => d)
+    .join("rect")
+    .attr("x", d => xScale(d.data.group))
+    .attr("y", d => yScale(d[1]))
+    .attr("height", d => yScale(d[0]) - yScale(d[1]))
+    .attr("width", xScale.bandwidth());
+  
+  g.append("g")
+    .attr("transform", `translate(0,${innerHeight})`)
+    .call(d3.axisBottom(xScale));
+  
+  g.append("g")
+    .call(d3.axisLeft(yScale));
+    
+}, [data]);
+```
+
+### Grouped bar chart
+
+```javascript
+useEffect(() => {
+  if (!data || data.length === 0) return;
+  
+  const svg = d3.select(svgRef.current);
+  svg.selectAll("*").remove();
+  
+  const width = 800;
+  const height = 400;
+  const margin = { top: 20, right: 30, bottom: 40, left: 50 };
+  const innerWidth = width - margin.left - margin.right;
+  const innerHeight = height - margin.top - margin.bottom;
+  
+  const g = svg.append("g")
+    .attr("transform", `translate(${margin.left},${margin.top})`);
+  
+  const categories = Object.keys(data[0]).filter(k => k !== 'group');
+  
+  const x0Scale = d3.scaleBand()
+    .domain(data.map(d => d.group))
+    .range([0, innerWidth])
+    .padding(0.1);
+  
+  const x1Scale = d3.scaleBand()
+    .domain(categories)
+    .range([0, x0Scale.bandwidth()])
+    .padding(0.05);
+  
+  const yScale = d3.scaleLinear()
+    .domain([0, d3.max(data, d => Math.max(...categories.map(c => d[c])))])
+    .range([innerHeight, 0]);
+  
+  const colourScale = d3.scaleOrdinal(d3.schemeCategory10);
+  
+  const group = g.selectAll("g")
+    .data(data)
+    .join("g")
+    .attr("transform", d => `translate(${x0Scale(d.group)},0)`);
+  
+  group.selectAll("rect")
+    .data(d => categories.map(key => ({ key, value: d[key] })))
+    .join("rect")
+    .attr("x", d => x1Scale(d.key))
+    .attr("y", d => yScale(d.value))
+    .attr("width", x1Scale.bandwidth())
+    .attr("height", d => innerHeight - yScale(d.value))
+    .attr("fill", d => colourScale(d.key));
+  
+  g.append("g")
+    .attr("transform", `translate(0,${innerHeight})`)
+    .call(d3.axisBottom(x0Scale));
+  
+  g.append("g")
+    .call(d3.axisLeft(yScale));
+    
+}, [data]);
+```
+
+### Bubble chart
+
+```javascript
+useEffect(() => {
+  if (!data || data.length === 0) return;
+  
+  const svg = d3.select(svgRef.current);
+  svg.selectAll("*").remove();
+  
+  const width = 800;
+  const height = 600;
+  const margin = { top: 20, right: 30, bottom: 40, left: 50 };
+  const innerWidth = width - margin.left - margin.right;
+  const innerHeight = height - margin.top - margin.bottom;
+  
+  const g = svg.append("g")
+    .attr("transform", `translate(${margin.left},${margin.top})`);
+  
+  const xScale = d3.scaleLinear()
+    .domain([0, d3.max(data, d => d.x)])
+    .range([0, innerWidth]);
+  
+  const yScale = d3.scaleLinear()
+    .domain([0, d3.max(data, d => d.y)])
+    .range([innerHeight, 0]);
+  
+  const sizeScale = d3.scaleSqrt()
+    .domain([0, d3.max(data, d => d.size)])
+    .range([0, 50]);
+  
+  const colourScale = d3.scaleOrdinal(d3.schemeCategory10);
+  
+  g.selectAll("circle")
+    .data(data)
+    .join("circle")
+    .attr("cx", d => xScale(d.x))
+    .attr("cy", d => yScale(d.y))
+    .attr("r", d => sizeScale(d.size))
+    .attr("fill", d => colourScale(d.category))
+    .attr("opacity", 0.6)
+    .attr("stroke", "white")
+    .attr("stroke-width", 2);
+  
+  g.append("g")
+    .attr("transform", `translate(0,${innerHeight})`)
+    .call(d3.axisBottom(xScale));
+  
+  g.append("g")
+    .call(d3.axisLeft(yScale));
+    
+}, [data]);
+```
+
+## Geographic visualisations
+
+### Basic map with points
+
+```javascript
+useEffect(() => {
+  if (!geoData || !pointData) return;
+  
+  const svg = d3.select(svgRef.current);
+  svg.selectAll("*").remove();
+  
+  const width = 800;
+  const height = 600;
+  
+  const projection = d3.geoMercator()
+    .fitSize([width, height], geoData);
+  
+  const pathGenerator = d3.geoPath().projection(projection);
+  
+  // Draw map
+  svg.selectAll("path")
+    .data(geoData.features)
+    .join("path")
+    .attr("d", pathGenerator)
+    .attr("fill", "#e0e0e0")
+    .attr("stroke", "#999")
+    .attr("stroke-width", 0.5);
+  
+  // Draw points
+  svg.selectAll("circle")
+    .data(pointData)
+    .join("circle")
+    .attr("cx", d => projection([d.longitude, d.latitude])[0])
+    .attr("cy", d => projection([d.longitude, d.latitude])[1])
+    .attr("r", 5)
+    .attr("fill", "steelblue")
+    .attr("opacity", 0.7);
+    
+}, [geoData, pointData]);
+```
+
+### Choropleth map
+
+```javascript
+useEffect(() => {
+  if (!geoData || !valueData) return;
+  
+  const svg = d3.select(svgRef.current);
+  svg.selectAll("*").remove();
+  
+  const width = 800;
+  const height = 600;
+  
+  const projection = d3.geoMercator()
+    .fitSize([width, height], geoData);
+  
+  const pathGenerator = d3.geoPath().projection(projection);
+  
+  // Create value lookup
+  const valueLookup = new Map(valueData.map(d => [d.id, d.value]));
+  
+  // Colour scale
+  const colourScale = d3.scaleSequential(d3.interpolateBlues)
+    .domain([0, d3.max(valueData, d => d.value)]);
+  
+  svg.selectAll("path")
+    .data(geoData.features)
+    .join("path")
+    .attr("d", pathGenerator)
+    .attr("fill", d => {
+      const value = valueLookup.get(d.id);
+      return value ? colourScale(value) : "#e0e0e0";
+    })
+    .attr("stroke", "#999")
+    .attr("stroke-width", 0.5);
+    
+}, [geoData, valueData]);
+```
+
+## Advanced interactions
+
+### Brush and zoom
+
+```javascript
+useEffect(() => {
+  if (!data || data.length === 0) return;
+  
+  const svg = d3.select(svgRef.current);
+  svg.selectAll("*").remove();
+  
+  const width = 800;
+  const height = 400;
+  const margin = { top: 20, right: 30, bottom: 40, left: 50 };
+  const innerWidth = width - margin.left - margin.right;
+  const innerHeight = height - margin.top - margin.bottom;
+  
+  const xScale = d3.scaleLinear()
+    .domain([0, d3.max(data, d => d.x)])
+    .range([0, innerWidth]);
+  
+  const yScale = d3.scaleLinear()
+    .domain([0, d3.max(data, d => d.y)])
+    .range([innerHeight, 0]);
+  
+  const g = svg.append("g")
+    .attr("transform", `translate(${margin.left},${margin.top})`);
+  
+  const circles = g.selectAll("circle")
+    .data(data)
+    .join("circle")
+    .attr("cx", d => xScale(d.x))
+    .attr("cy", d => yScale(d.y))
+    .attr("r", 5)
+    .attr("fill", "steelblue");
+  
+  // Add brush
+  const brush = d3.brush()
+    .extent([[0, 0], [innerWidth, innerHeight]])
+    .on("start brush", (event) => {
+      if (!event.selection) return;
+      
+      const [[x0, y0], [x1, y1]] = event.selection;
+      
+      circles.attr("fill", d => {
+        const cx = xScale(d.x);
+        const cy = yScale(d.y);
+        return (cx >= x0 && cx <= x1 && cy >= y0 && cy <= y1) 
+          ? "orange" 
+          : "steelblue";
+      });
+    });
+  
+  g.append("g")
+    .attr("class", "brush")
+    .call(brush);
+    
+}, [data]);
+```
+
+### Linked brushing between charts
+
+```javascript
+function LinkedCharts({ data }) {
+  const [selectedPoints, setSelectedPoints] = useState(new Set());
+  const svg1Ref = useRef();
+  const svg2Ref = useRef();
+  
+  useEffect(() => {
+    // Chart 1: Scatter plot
+    const svg1 = d3.select(svg1Ref.current);
+    svg1.selectAll("*").remove();
+    
+    // ... create first chart ...
+    
+    const circles1 = svg1.selectAll("circle")
+      .data(data)
+      .join("circle")
+      .attr("fill", d => selectedPoints.has(d.id) ? "orange" : "steelblue");
+    
+    // Chart 2: Bar chart
+    const svg2 = d3.select(svg2Ref.current);
+    svg2.selectAll("*").remove();
+    
+    // ... create second chart ...
+    
+    const bars = svg2.selectAll("rect")
+      .data(data)
+      .join("rect")
+      .attr("fill", d => selectedPoints.has(d.id) ? "orange" : "steelblue");
+    
+    // Add brush to first chart
+    const brush = d3.brush()
+      .on("start brush end", (event) => {
+        if (!event.selection) {
+          setSelectedPoints(new Set());
+          return;
+        }
+        
+        const [[x0, y0], [x1, y1]] = event.selection;
+        const selected = new Set();
+        
+        data.forEach(d => {
+          const x = xScale(d.x);
+          const y = yScale(d.y);
+          if (x >= x0 && x <= x1 && y >= y0 && y <= y1) {
+            selected.add(d.id);
+          }
+        });
+        
+        setSelectedPoints(selected);
+      });
+    
+    svg1.append("g").call(brush);
+    
+  }, [data, selectedPoints]);
+  
+  return (
+    <div>
+      <svg ref={svg1Ref} width="400" height="300" />
+      <svg ref={svg2Ref} width="400" height="300" />
+    </div>
+  );
+}
+```
+
+## Animation patterns
+
+### Enter, update, exit with transitions
+
+```javascript
+useEffect(() => {
+  if (!data || data.length === 0) return;
+  
+  const svg = d3.select(svgRef.current);
+  
+  const circles = svg.selectAll("circle")
+    .data(data, d => d.id); // Key function for object constancy
+  
+  // EXIT: Remove old elements
+  circles.exit()
+    .transition()
+    .duration(500)
+    .attr("r", 0)
+    .remove();
+  
+  // UPDATE: Modify existing elements
+  circles
+    .transition()
+    .duration(500)
+    .attr("cx", d => xScale(d.x))
+    .attr("cy", d => yScale(d.y))
+    .attr("fill", "steelblue");
+  
+  // ENTER: Add new elements
+  circles.enter()
+    .append("circle")
+    .attr("cx", d => xScale(d.x))
+    .attr("cy", d => yScale(d.y))
+    .attr("r", 0)
+    .attr("fill", "steelblue")
+    .transition()
+    .duration(500)
+    .attr("r", 5);
+    
+}, [data]);
+```
+
+### Path morphing
+
+```javascript
+useEffect(() => {
+  if (!data1 || !data2) return;
+  
+  const svg = d3.select(svgRef.current);
+  
+  const line = d3.line()
+    .x(d => xScale(d.x))
+    .y(d => yScale(d.y))
+    .curve(d3.curveMonotoneX);
+  
+  const path = svg.select("path");
+  
+  // Morph from data1 to data2
+  path
+    .datum(data1)
+    .attr("d", line)
+    .transition()
+    .duration(1000)
+    .attrTween("d", function() {
+      const previous = d3.select(this).attr("d");
+      const current = line(data2);
+      return d3.interpolatePath(previous, current);
+    });
+    
+}, [data1, data2]);
+```
--- a/skills/claude-d3js-skill/references/scale-reference.md
+++ b/skills/claude-d3js-skill/references/scale-reference.md
@@ -0,0 +1,509 @@
+# D3.js Scale Reference
+
+Comprehensive guide to all d3 scale types with examples and use cases.
+
+## Continuous scales
+
+### Linear scale
+
+Maps continuous input domain to continuous output range with linear interpolation.
+
+```javascript
+const scale = d3.scaleLinear()
+  .domain([0, 100])
+  .range([0, 500]);
+
+scale(50);  // Returns 250
+scale(0);   // Returns 0
+scale(100); // Returns 500
+
+// Invert scale (get input from output)
+scale.invert(250); // Returns 50
+```
+
+**Use cases:**
+- Most common scale for quantitative data
+- Axes, bar lengths, position encoding
+- Temperature, prices, counts, measurements
+
+**Methods:**
+- `.domain([min, max])` - Set input domain
+- `.range([min, max])` - Set output range
+- `.invert(value)` - Get domain value from range value
+- `.clamp(true)` - Restrict output to range bounds
+- `.nice()` - Extend domain to nice round values
+
+### Power scale
+
+Maps continuous input to continuous output with exponential transformation.
+
+```javascript
+const sqrtScale = d3.scalePow()
+  .exponent(0.5)  // Square root
+  .domain([0, 100])
+  .range([0, 500]);
+
+const squareScale = d3.scalePow()
+  .exponent(2)  // Square
+  .domain([0, 100])
+  .range([0, 500]);
+
+// Shorthand for square root
+const sqrtScale2 = d3.scaleSqrt()
+  .domain([0, 100])
+  .range([0, 500]);
+```
+
+**Use cases:**
+- Perceptual scaling (human perception is non-linear)
+- Area encoding (use square root to map values to circle radii)
+- Emphasising differences in small or large values
+
+### Logarithmic scale
+
+Maps continuous input to continuous output with logarithmic transformation.
+
+```javascript
+const logScale = d3.scaleLog()
+  .domain([1, 1000])  // Must be positive
+  .range([0, 500]);
+
+logScale(1);    // Returns 0
+logScale(10);   // Returns ~167
+logScale(100);  // Returns ~333
+logScale(1000); // Returns 500
+```
+
+**Use cases:**
+- Data spanning multiple orders of magnitude
+- Population, GDP, wealth distributions
+- Logarithmic axes
+- Exponential growth visualisations
+
+**Important:** Domain values must be strictly positive (>0).
+
+### Time scale
+
+Specialised linear scale for temporal data.
+
+```javascript
+const timeScale = d3.scaleTime()
+  .domain([new Date(2020, 0, 1), new Date(2024, 0, 1)])
+  .range([0, 800]);
+
+timeScale(new Date(2022, 0, 1)); // Returns 400
+
+// Invert to get date
+timeScale.invert(400); // Returns Date object for mid-2022
+```
+
+**Use cases:**
+- Time series visualisations
+- Timeline axes
+- Temporal animations
+- Date-based interactions
+
+**Methods:**
+- `.nice()` - Extend domain to nice time intervals
+- `.ticks(count)` - Generate nicely-spaced tick values
+- All linear scale methods apply
+
+### Quantize scale
+
+Maps continuous input to discrete output buckets.
+
+```javascript
+const quantizeScale = d3.scaleQuantize()
+  .domain([0, 100])
+  .range(['low', 'medium', 'high']);
+
+quantizeScale(25);  // Returns 'low'
+quantizeScale(50);  // Returns 'medium'
+quantizeScale(75);  // Returns 'high'
+
+// Get the threshold values
+quantizeScale.thresholds(); // Returns [33.33, 66.67]
+```
+
+**Use cases:**
+- Binning continuous data
+- Heat map colours
+- Risk categories (low/medium/high)
+- Age groups, income brackets
+
+### Quantile scale
+
+Maps continuous input to discrete output based on quantiles.
+
+```javascript
+const quantileScale = d3.scaleQuantile()
+  .domain([3, 6, 7, 8, 8, 10, 13, 15, 16, 20, 24]) // Sample data
+  .range(['low', 'medium', 'high']);
+
+quantileScale(8);  // Returns based on quantile position
+quantileScale.quantiles(); // Returns quantile thresholds
+```
+
+**Use cases:**
+- Equal-size groups regardless of distribution
+- Percentile-based categorisation
+- Handling skewed distributions
+
+### Threshold scale
+
+Maps continuous input to discrete output with custom thresholds.
+
+```javascript
+const thresholdScale = d3.scaleThreshold()
+  .domain([0, 10, 20])
+  .range(['freezing', 'cold', 'warm', 'hot']);
+
+thresholdScale(-5);  // Returns 'freezing'
+thresholdScale(5);   // Returns 'cold'
+thresholdScale(15);  // Returns 'warm'
+thresholdScale(25);  // Returns 'hot'
+```
+
+**Use cases:**
+- Custom breakpoints
+- Grade boundaries (A, B, C, D, F)
+- Temperature categories
+- Air quality indices
+
+## Sequential scales
+
+### Sequential colour scale
+
+Maps continuous input to continuous colour gradient.
+
+```javascript
+const colourScale = d3.scaleSequential(d3.interpolateBlues)
+  .domain([0, 100]);
+
+colourScale(0);   // Returns lightest blue
+colourScale(50);  // Returns mid blue
+colourScale(100); // Returns darkest blue
+```
+
+**Available interpolators:**
+
+**Single hue:**
+- `d3.interpolateBlues`, `d3.interpolateGreens`, `d3.interpolateReds`
+- `d3.interpolateOranges`, `d3.interpolatePurples`, `d3.interpolateGreys`
+
+**Multi-hue:**
+- `d3.interpolateViridis`, `d3.interpolateInferno`, `d3.interpolateMagma`
+- `d3.interpolatePlasma`, `d3.interpolateWarm`, `d3.interpolateCool`
+- `d3.interpolateCubehelixDefault`, `d3.interpolateTurbo`
+
+**Use cases:**
+- Heat maps, choropleth maps
+- Continuous data visualisation
+- Temperature, elevation, density
+
+### Diverging colour scale
+
+Maps continuous input to diverging colour gradient with a midpoint.
+
+```javascript
+const divergingScale = d3.scaleDiverging(d3.interpolateRdBu)
+  .domain([-10, 0, 10]);
+
+divergingScale(-10); // Returns red
+divergingScale(0);   // Returns white/neutral
+divergingScale(10);  // Returns blue
+```
+
+**Available interpolators:**
+- `d3.interpolateRdBu` - Red to blue
+- `d3.interpolateRdYlBu` - Red, yellow, blue
+- `d3.interpolateRdYlGn` - Red, yellow, green
+- `d3.interpolatePiYG` - Pink, yellow, green
+- `d3.interpolateBrBG` - Brown, blue-green
+- `d3.interpolatePRGn` - Purple, green
+- `d3.interpolatePuOr` - Purple, orange
+- `d3.interpolateRdGy` - Red, grey
+- `d3.interpolateSpectral` - Rainbow spectrum
+
+**Use cases:**
+- Data with meaningful midpoint (zero, average, neutral)
+- Positive/negative values
+- Above/below comparisons
+- Correlation matrices
+
+### Sequential quantile scale
+
+Combines sequential colour with quantile mapping.
+
+```javascript
+const sequentialQuantileScale = d3.scaleSequentialQuantile(d3.interpolateBlues)
+  .domain([3, 6, 7, 8, 8, 10, 13, 15, 16, 20, 24]);
+
+// Maps based on quantile position
+```
+
+**Use cases:**
+- Perceptually uniform binning
+- Handling outliers
+- Skewed distributions
+
+## Ordinal scales
+
+### Band scale
+
+Maps discrete input to continuous bands (rectangles) with optional padding.
+
+```javascript
+const bandScale = d3.scaleBand()
+  .domain(['A', 'B', 'C', 'D'])
+  .range([0, 400])
+  .padding(0.1);
+
+bandScale('A');           // Returns start position (e.g., 0)
+bandScale('B');           // Returns start position (e.g., 110)
+bandScale.bandwidth();    // Returns width of each band (e.g., 95)
+bandScale.step();         // Returns total step including padding
+bandScale.paddingInner(); // Returns inner padding (between bands)
+bandScale.paddingOuter(); // Returns outer padding (at edges)
+```
+
+**Use cases:**
+- Bar charts (most common use case)
+- Grouped elements
+- Categorical axes
+- Heat map cells
+
+**Padding options:**
+- `.padding(value)` - Sets both inner and outer padding (0-1)
+- `.paddingInner(value)` - Padding between bands (0-1)
+- `.paddingOuter(value)` - Padding at edges (0-1)
+- `.align(value)` - Alignment of bands (0-1, default 0.5)
+
+### Point scale
+
+Maps discrete input to continuous points (no width).
+
+```javascript
+const pointScale = d3.scalePoint()
+  .domain(['A', 'B', 'C', 'D'])
+  .range([0, 400])
+  .padding(0.5);
+
+pointScale('A'); // Returns position (e.g., 50)
+pointScale('B'); // Returns position (e.g., 150)
+pointScale('C'); // Returns position (e.g., 250)
+pointScale('D'); // Returns position (e.g., 350)
+pointScale.step(); // Returns distance between points
+```
+
+**Use cases:**
+- Line chart categorical x-axis
+- Scatter plot with categorical axis
+- Node positions in network graphs
+- Any point positioning for categories
+
+### Ordinal colour scale
+
+Maps discrete input to discrete output (colours, shapes, etc.).
+
+```javascript
+const colourScale = d3.scaleOrdinal(d3.schemeCategory10);
+
+colourScale('apples');  // Returns first colour
+colourScale('oranges'); // Returns second colour
+colourScale('apples');  // Returns same first colour (consistent)
+
+// Custom range
+const customScale = d3.scaleOrdinal()
+  .domain(['cat1', 'cat2', 'cat3'])
+  .range(['#FF6B6B', '#4ECDC4', '#45B7D1']);
+```
+
+**Built-in colour schemes:**
+
+**Categorical:**
+- `d3.schemeCategory10` - 10 colours
+- `d3.schemeAccent` - 8 colours
+- `d3.schemeDark2` - 8 colours
+- `d3.schemePaired` - 12 colours
+- `d3.schemePastel1` - 9 colours
+- `d3.schemePastel2` - 8 colours
+- `d3.schemeSet1` - 9 colours
+- `d3.schemeSet2` - 8 colours
+- `d3.schemeSet3` - 12 colours
+- `d3.schemeTableau10` - 10 colours
+
+**Use cases:**
+- Category colours
+- Legend items
+- Multi-series charts
+- Network node types
+
+## Scale utilities
+
+### Nice domain
+
+Extend domain to nice round values.
+
+```javascript
+const scale = d3.scaleLinear()
+  .domain([0.201, 0.996])
+  .nice();
+
+scale.domain(); // Returns [0.2, 1.0]
+
+// With count (approximate tick count)
+const scale2 = d3.scaleLinear()
+  .domain([0.201, 0.996])
+  .nice(5);
+```
+
+### Clamping
+
+Restrict output to range bounds.
+
+```javascript
+const scale = d3.scaleLinear()
+  .domain([0, 100])
+  .range([0, 500])
+  .clamp(true);
+
+scale(-10); // Returns 0 (clamped)
+scale(150); // Returns 500 (clamped)
+```
+
+### Copy scales
+
+Create independent copies.
+
+```javascript
+const scale1 = d3.scaleLinear()
+  .domain([0, 100])
+  .range([0, 500]);
+
+const scale2 = scale1.copy();
+// scale2 is independent of scale1
+```
+
+### Tick generation
+
+Generate nice tick values for axes.
+
+```javascript
+const scale = d3.scaleLinear()
+  .domain([0, 100])
+  .range([0, 500]);
+
+scale.ticks(10);        // Generate ~10 ticks
+scale.tickFormat(10);   // Get format function for ticks
+scale.tickFormat(10, ".2f"); // Custom format (2 decimal places)
+
+// Time scale ticks
+const timeScale = d3.scaleTime()
+  .domain([new Date(2020, 0, 1), new Date(2024, 0, 1)]);
+
+timeScale.ticks(d3.timeYear);      // Yearly ticks
+timeScale.ticks(d3.timeMonth, 3);  // Every 3 months
+timeScale.tickFormat(5, "%Y-%m");  // Format as year-month
+```
+
+## Colour spaces and interpolation
+
+### RGB interpolation
+
+```javascript
+const scale = d3.scaleLinear()
+  .domain([0, 100])
+  .range(["blue", "red"]);
+// Default: RGB interpolation
+```
+
+### HSL interpolation
+
+```javascript
+const scale = d3.scaleLinear()
+  .domain([0, 100])
+  .range(["blue", "red"])
+  .interpolate(d3.interpolateHsl);
+// Smoother colour transitions
+```
+
+### Lab interpolation
+
+```javascript
+const scale = d3.scaleLinear()
+  .domain([0, 100])
+  .range(["blue", "red"])
+  .interpolate(d3.interpolateLab);
+// Perceptually uniform
+```
+
+### HCL interpolation
+
+```javascript
+const scale = d3.scaleLinear()
+  .domain([0, 100])
+  .range(["blue", "red"])
+  .interpolate(d3.interpolateHcl);
+// Perceptually uniform with hue
+```
+
+## Common patterns
+
+### Diverging scale with custom midpoint
+
+```javascript
+const scale = d3.scaleLinear()
+  .domain([min, midpoint, max])
+  .range(["red", "white", "blue"])
+  .interpolate(d3.interpolateHcl);
+```
+
+### Multi-stop gradient scale
+
+```javascript
+const scale = d3.scaleLinear()
+  .domain([0, 25, 50, 75, 100])
+  .range(["#d53e4f", "#fc8d59", "#fee08b", "#e6f598", "#66c2a5"]);
+```
+
+### Radius scale for circles (perceptual)
+
+```javascript
+const radiusScale = d3.scaleSqrt()
+  .domain([0, d3.max(data, d => d.value)])
+  .range([0, 50]);
+
+// Use with circles
+circle.attr("r", d => radiusScale(d.value));
+```
+
+### Adaptive scale based on data range
+
+```javascript
+function createAdaptiveScale(data) {
+  const extent = d3.extent(data);
+  const range = extent[1] - extent[0];
+  
+  // Use log scale if data spans >2 orders of magnitude
+  if (extent[1] / extent[0] > 100) {
+    return d3.scaleLog()
+      .domain(extent)
+      .range([0, width]);
+  }
+  
+  // Otherwise use linear
+  return d3.scaleLinear()
+    .domain(extent)
+    .range([0, width]);
+}
+```
+
+### Colour scale with explicit categories
+
+```javascript
+const colourScale = d3.scaleOrdinal()
+  .domain(['Low Risk', 'Medium Risk', 'High Risk'])
+  .range(['#2ecc71', '#f39c12', '#e74c3c'])
+  .unknown('#95a5a6'); // Fallback for unknown values
+```